美国文学史AmericanLiteratureinthecolonicalandRevolutionary:
1.BenjaminFranklin(本杰明.富兰克林)
2.hilipFreneau菲利普·费瑞诺
BenjaminFranklin(本杰明.富兰克林)
1)"PoorRichard'sAlmanac"穷人查理德的年鉴(以笔名RichardSunders)
2)“annualcollectionofproverbs“流行谚语集
(Itsoonbecamethemostpopularbookofitskind,largelybecauseofFranklin'sshrewdhumor, andfirstspreadhisreputation)
3)TheWaytoWealth(FatherAbraham’sSermon)致富之道
(asthe“perfacetoPoorRichardImproved)
4)TheAutobiography自传(18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传)
5)FoundedtheJunto,aclubforinformaldiscussionofscientific,economicandpoliticalideas.建
立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题.
6)establishedAmerica'sfirstcirculatinglibrary,foundedthecollege--UniversityofPennsyl
vania.建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学.
7)firstappliedtheterms"positive"and"negative"toelectricalcharges.
8)Writer,printer,publisher,scientist,philanthropist,anddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousa
ndrespectedprivatefigureofhistime.
hilipFreneau菲利普·费瑞诺
TheRisingGloryofAmerica蒸蒸日上的美洲；
TheBritishPrisonShip英国囚船；
TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；TheWildHoneysuckle野生的金银花；
TheIndianBuryingGround印第安人殡葬地
(1)poetandpoliticaljournalist诗人和政治方面的新闻记者
(2)perhapsthemostoutstandingwriterofthepost-revolutionaryperiod.
(3)hasbeencalledthe"FatherofAmericanPoetry"美国诗歌之父
(4)Imaginativeandmelancholytreatmentofnatureandhumanlife,andsharpsatireagainsttheBri tishtyranny
19th CenturyAmericanLiterature
WashingtonIrving(华盛顿.欧文)
1．JamesFenimoreCooper(詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀)
2．NathanielHawthorne(纳萨尼尔.霍桑)
3．EdgarAllanPoe（埃德加.阿伦.坡）
4．HenryDaivedThoreau(亨利.戴维.梭罗)
5．HermanMelville(赫尔曼.麦尔维尔)
6．WaltWhiteman(沃尔特.惠特曼)
TheRiseofAmericanRomanticism
?OneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature,stretchesfromtheendo fthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar(1861-65).
?ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'seThehSketchBook(1820)andendedwit hWhitman'ssLeavesfofGrass(1855).
.Romanticism的特点：
frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics,moralenthusia
m,faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andap
resumptionthathenaturalworldwasasourceofcorruption.浪漫主
义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感
受，并且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。
Transcendentalism:TranscendentalistsplaceemphasisontheimportanceoftheOver-soul
,theindividualandNature.ThemostimportantrepresentativesareR
alphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau.
.
WashingtonIrving(华盛顿.欧文)
AHistoryofNewYork(《纽约外史》)AHistoryofNewYork纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；TheSketchBook见闻札记TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；
TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon(《见闻札记》收录了ThelegendoftheSleepyHollow《睡谷的传说》和RipVanWinkle《瑞普.凡.温克尔》等名篇,开创了美国短篇小说的传统)
TheTalesofaTraveller,(《旅人述异》)
TheAlhambra阿尔罕伯拉
