非谓语动词知识点

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动词不定式

非在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)

谓构成:V.-ing

语动名词

动用法(主、宾、表、定)

构成:V. -ing / V.-ed(规则变化)

分词

用法(表、补、定、状)

明确界定谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别

原则一:在一个句子,一般一个主语应配套一个谓语,(并列谓语除外),如一个主语后跟了两个动词,就应该有一个是谓语动词,一个应该是非谓语动词,这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动”

如:我去书店买一些书,在此句中,只有一个主语“我”,却有两个动词“去”和“买”,那么“去”就应该是谓语动词,“买”就应该是非谓语动词

例句:(1)I went to the bookshop to buy some books

谓语非谓语

(2)He enjoys playing basketball

谓语非谓

(3)I sing and play my favourite songs

并列谓语

.原则二:谓语动词体现的时态,与时间状语有关

非谓语与时态无关

(1)He enjoys reading books every day

谓语(现在时)非谓现在时标志时间状语

(2)He enjoyed reading books last year

谓语(过去时)非谓语过去时标志时间状语

谓语动词会受时间状语的影响,体现各种时态

非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响,与时态无关,与主语的单复数无关原则三谓语与非谓语的形式不同,谓语主要体现十六种基本时态(含被动),而非谓只有三种固定形式(被动和完成)to do , doing , done

如He finished reading the novels

过去时doing

He has something to be sent

现在时to do被动

小结:谓语动词的形式有did , does , be doing have/has done had done etc

非谓语动词的形式有to do ,doing , done , to be done ,being done , having done ,

注意:(1)doing 算做是非谓语而be+doing 算做是谓语

(3)例如:go –went-gone 可以轻易区分go 和went 算谓语而gone属于过去分词是非谓

(4)但是如find-found-found play-played-played类似这样的词其过去时和过去分词一样,如果你在选项中看到played要从两个方面考虑,A 谓语动词

过去时 B 非谓语动词过去分词

原则四:谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的

如(1)The damaged house was in ruins

非谓(过去分词)谓语(过去时)

(2)He played the songs written by JouJou

谓语(过去时)非谓(过去分词)

证明:第一句是先非谓后谓语,而第二句是先谓语后非谓语

(一)动名词

一、动名词的构成:动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成

二、动名词的句法功能

注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有:finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem(in), spend...(in), feel like, be used to(习惯于), give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)

后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况。

1.

finish doing sth.完成做某事;

enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;

practice doing sth. 练习做某事;

imagine doing,想象做某事;

avoid doing sth.避免做某事;

consider doing sth.考虑做某事;

suggest doing sth.建议做某事;

mind doing sth.介意做某事;

keep doing sth.持续做某事,

miss doing错过做,

advise doing建议做;

keep sb doing让某人一直做

2.固定短语:

feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事;

be busy doing sth.忙于做某事;

be worth doing 值得做某事;

spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事;

have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难;

have fun doing.做某事高兴

3. 介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等):

如:be good at doing sth.;thank you for doing sth.;give up doing sth.;

stop sb. from doing sth.;do well in doing sth.;be afraid of doing sth.;

be interested in doing sth.;be proud of;instead of;be fond of;

what/how about doing sth?

4.to作介词时,后跟动名词的情况:

look forward to doing sth期望做某事;

prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…;

pay attention to doing注意做某事;

be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事;

make a contribution to doing为…做贡献

5.No+动名词,表示禁令:

No smoking禁止吸烟

No parking禁止停车

6.go+动名词,意思是去进行某种活动或运动:

go shopping,去购物;

go skating,去滑冰;go hiking去远足(旅行)

7.do some/the+动名词,指进行某种活动:

do some cleaning,搞卫生;

do some washing 洗衣服;

(二)动词不定式

不定时的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

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