用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语 Who which that
主语 Whom which that
宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1：This is the detective who came from London.
例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
2.关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, littl e, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, som e, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of w hom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。
(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3. “介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, with out 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited
四.As 在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
(2)as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
(3)the same… that与the same …as在意思上是不同的。
2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面.中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
定语从句中的that和which的区别： that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。 只能用that的几种情况： 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。We should do all that is useful to the people. Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. There is little work that is fit for you. 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The best that I could do was to apologize. This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 This is the very book that I’m looking for. The only thing that we could do was to wait. 注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。 I need the same book that / as you have. 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 That’s a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。当表示时间，可用that 或when引导，都可省略。 I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world. I did't remember the exact time （when/that）I arrived in Shanghai last month. 只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 The house in which we live is very large. This is the reference book（参考书）of which the teacher is speaking. 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。 This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
定语从句一（上） who，that的用法 理解并分析句子 1.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who were asleep. 2.Is this the young man who saved several people trapped under buildings? 3.The girl who is wearing a red jacket bought a bike. 分解与合并句子 1.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who were asleep. 2.Is this the young man who saved several people trapped under buildings? 3.The girl who is wearing a red jacket bought a bike. 句子练习
1.The lady is speaking to a group of children. She is wearing a red dress. 2.The girl went to the theater with her friends yesterday. She studies in the same class as I. 3.The old man is still in good health. He does exercises every day. 4.The poor man worked very hard. He was over sixty years old. 5.The teacher is very friendly with us. She teaches us maths. 填空练习 1.A waiter is a person _______ serves food or drinks in a restaurant. 2.The girl ________ fell into the well was rescued by a man passing by. 3.The children ________ played games buried eggs in the garden. 翻译句子 1.住在这间房子里的那位女士是一位医生。 2.在会上发言的年轻人英语说的很流利。 3.昨天跟我谈话的那位老人是我中学的老师。
：what-that-where--who--how 在不同从句中的用法
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回复：what，that，where ，who ，how在不同从句中的用法 四组名词性从句引导词用法区别 1. what 与that的用法区别 两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句，区别是what可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所…的”，而that仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略)： He doesn’t know what she likes. 他不知道她喜欢什么。 What you say is quite right. 你所说的相当正确。 I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他会来看我们的。 It’s a pity (that) he didn’t finish colleg e. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。 另外，that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句： I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 2. whether与 if的用法区别 两者的用法异同注意以下几点： (1) 两者均可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换： He asked if [whether] we wanted a drink. 他问我们是否想喝一杯。 He didn’t tell me if [whether] he would co me. 他没有告诉我他是否会来。 【注】若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if(意为“如果”)。 (2) 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if 而不用 whether： I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 我不在乎天是否下雨。 【注】在个别词语(如 wonder, not sure 等)后的从句否定式有时也可用 whether 引导： I wonder if [whether] he isn’t mistaken. 我想知道他是否错了。 (3) 以下情况通常要用 whether 而不用 if： ① 引导宾语从句且置于句首时：
“that”在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性，并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法，很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍，从而影响其学习兴趣和效率。现将that的用法总结归纳如下： 第一、that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用those）。 它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。 What about that book you borrowed from me last month？ 请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。 that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子 That George！乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气） 第二、that 用作代词。 1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。That is what he told me. What is that (which) you have got in your hand? The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时） He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research. Is there anything that I can do for you? 请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。 1. that名词性从句。 ①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship. The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough. ②引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。 That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone. （It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.） ③引导表语从句。 The trouble is that we are short of money. ④引导同位语从句。 引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明： The news that he resigned from office surprised us. The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus. 2. that引导状语从句①引导目的状语从句。 Bring it nearer that I may see it better. ②引导结果状语从句。What have I done that he should be so angry with me? ③引导原因状语从句。 I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test. ④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。
定语从句中where和which的区别
定语从句中where和which的区别 1.This is the factory_________we visited yesterday. 2.This is the stable__________Jesus Chirst was born. 1,which 2.where 分析：关键是看从句中的动词。如果是及物动词（顾名思义，就是必须要接物做宾语的动词，或能用做被动的动词），则表明从句缺宾语，修饰人用who/whom/that。修饰物用that/which. 如动词是不及物（顾名思义就是不需要接物做宾语的或要接宾语时前面必须要加介词的，即用介宾的动词），则说明从句不缺宾语，可能是状语(或介宾）。表地点用where.时间用when. 如题1：从句的动词是visit，我们说参观某个地方说：visit some place。而不说visit in the place所以visit是及物动词。所以缺宾语，修饰物故用which. 如题2，我们说出生于某地用be born in，如：i was born in beijing 而不说i was born
beijing.故说明born 后不直接跟宾语，应用介宾，或关系副词（where/when)所以此处填in which 也是正确的。 所以在平时的练习中应注意动词的及物于不及物性1这是解决这类题的关键之一。扩展练习： 1.These are the days ____ I spent with my mom. (when） 2.These are the times _____ I experienced .（which） 英语定语从句that ,where ,which 的区别 例如：(1) I love places ____ the people are really fridendy A.that B.which C.where D.who (2) This is the place ____ I have ever visited there B.whom C.he D.which (3).This is the house ____ I want to buy A.In which B.that C.what D.that (4)this is the museum ____ we visited last year A.where B. in which C.which D.in that
that与which的用法区别 两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于： 1.引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which： The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。 He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。 The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。 2.直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which： She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。 This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。 注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。 He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。 3.当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that： All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。 Have you everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗? The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。 She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。 4.当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that： This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that： This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。 The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
定语从句中that与who的用法区别 1. 两者均可指人，有时可互换（包括当先行词为all, anyone, someone等，同时也包括先行词受the only 等的修饰时）： All that [who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。 He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。 Anyone who [that] is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。 It is impolite to turn your back on someone who [that] is speaking to you. 人家跟你说话，你把背朝人是不礼貌的。 2. 但是在下列情况，通常要用that： ①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时： I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。 ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)： Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)： Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。 3. 但是在下列情况，通常要用who： 当先行词为those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用who 来引导定语从句。如： Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。 Those who couldn’t walk were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。 Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。 The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。 Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。 注：偶尔也可见到在 who 之后用that 引导定语从句的用例，但相当少见。如： The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that don’t. 危险的是那些及时付账的人将会同那些不及时付账的人混在一起。
定语从句中which和that区别 奥赛书上的内容： 介词后只能用which不能用that 先行词为 xxx-thing 时只能用that 先行词被the only（含序数词）等限定词修饰时只能用that 先行词被最高级修饰时只用that 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the
that与which两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于： 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。 3. much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that。如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能that can be done must be done. 4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that。如：。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。 6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。 8. 当要避免重复时。如：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？
中考英语知识点：关系代词who与that的区别 中考英语知识点：关系代词who与that的区别 1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。例如： He who loses hope loses all. 失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who） I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。（在非限制性定语从句中，用who） 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。例如： The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher. 我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。（介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who） 注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法： (1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。 3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。例如： He is a man that is never afraid of failure. 他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人） 4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如： Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English 用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）
from where 和 from which定语从句区别 2008-07-20 20:05 from which 与 from where的用法区别 1、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees. 下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。(引导定语从句) 划线部分相当于…, and from at the windows…不可变为from which…，直接用where不如用from where更具体。 2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。（引导定语从句） 划线部分相当于…, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of w hich…, 不可变为from which，也可直接用where引导，但语义较为含糊，不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体。 3、We went up to the roof , from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬到屋顶，在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。（引导定语从句） 划线部分可理解为and from on the top of the roof或from on the top of which，用from which是不对的，直接用where仍显不具体，不形象。 4、China is the birth place of kites, from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，在那里风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。 这里from正与下文的spread to构成一个整体，可理解为from near/around this place，如若把from where换为 where显然是讲不通的，改成from which, 能够讲得通，但不太符合英语习惯。 5、The car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.那辆小汽车就在我站的地方仅几英寸处突然停下了。（引导状语从句）这里的划线部分中where引导的是宾语从句，与from一起作地点状语从句。 例句1:look over there!some people are standing under the big tree,___ you can enjoy the whole view. A.which B.from which C where D from where 分析:where 代表 under the tree 这个地方，如果用 which 就只能代表the big tree, 这句话的意思不是Enjoy the whole view from the big tree. 而是 from under the big tree.介词后接介词短语的例子还是常见的. 实际上这个句子完整的应该是You can enjoy the whole view from the place
定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别 只能使用that的情况： 1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next等)所修饰时。 e.g. This is the first book that I bought mysel f. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? 为了避免重复时用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting. 5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物. China is no longer the country that she was. 6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that . Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 7.在there be句型中,只用that. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject. 8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only，the same 等词修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9.当先行词又有人又有物时。 e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw. 10. 先行词被all, every, no, any, little, some, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 4. 非限定性定语从句修饰的是前面的整个句子，而且关系代词和关系副词前面有逗号, 用which开始的定语从句修饰前面半句 e.g. He will wear no clothes, which will distinguish（区分，辨别）him from his fellow men.
定语从句中：who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解 在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意： 一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形 (1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom).如： My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物. (2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom).如： Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗? (3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom).如： Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边. (4) 当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom).如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人. (5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who.如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来. (6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom).如： There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我们班有些学生你见过. (7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who.如： The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟. 二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
考研语法小知识：that从句用法 一、that作连词引导各类从句 (一)that引导名词性从句 that后面连接一个完整的陈述句，可以位于主语、宾语、表语或同位语的位置，分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。此时，that没有实意，而且不在从句中做任何成分。that引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可以省略。 例1：That the plates are movingis now beyond dispute.(主语从句) 地球板块是在漂移的，这一事实毋庸置疑。 例2：The truth isthat everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表语从句) 事实是，所有人都应该照顾孤儿，而不仅仅是完全由政府承担。 例3：All people believedthat it was right to rescue the temple.(宾语从句)(注：that可以省略) 所有人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。 例4：The students expressed their hopethat they could be admitted by that university.(同位语从句) 学生们表达了他们向被这所大学录取的愿望。 (二)that引导定语从句 that引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语，既可以指代人，也可以指代物。that在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词that可以省略。 例1：The professor that you admire most will visit our university next month. 你敬仰的那个教授下月会到我们学校参观。 例2：This is one of the subways that will be put into use in two years. 这是未来两年内将开通的地铁之一。 例3：I have nothing that is worth reading. 我没有什么值得一读的东西。 (注：当先行词中有不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词或者先行词被the only，the very等限定词修饰等情况下 ，定语从句引导词也只能用that。) (三)that与其他单词结合引导状语从句 that可以和其他单词结构共同引导状语从句，例如such...that，so...that等引导结果状语从句，in order that，so that等引导目的状语从句，in that，now that，on the grounds that等引导原因状语从句 suppose/supposing/assume/assuming/provided/providing that，on condition that等引导条件状语从句等。 例1：She has madesuchrapid progressthatbefore long she could pass the exam. 她进步很快，不久就能通过考试的。 例2：You should make full use of this opportunityso thatyou can get rich experience. 你应该充分利用这次机会，以便获得丰富的经验。 例3：Supposing thatyou were in my position, what would you do? 如果你在我的位置，你会怎么做? 例4：On condition thatyou were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible. 如果你在沙漠中迷路，你应该尽早寻求帮助。 (四)that引导强调句 “It is/was+被强调部分+that从句”是高频使用的一种强调句型，其中被强调部分可以作从句的主语、宾语和状语等。强调句中去掉“it is/was”和“that”后，句子成分和语义仍然完整。 例：It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again. 战争结束后爱因斯坦才能重新进行他的研究工作。 二、that作限定词或代词 that可以作限定词或代词连接名词或名词短语，也可单独使用，用以指代人或者物。此外，that不仅可以指代单独的人或物，还可以指代一句话。 例：Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3] 分析：