初中英语易混词辨析
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中考常考同义词或词组
同近义词或词组的辨析题,不仅在平时测验、周考、月考中常出,也是中考的一个重要考察点,平时我们就应该注意这些词的不同用法以及一些固定搭配,这样不仅对平时成绩有帮助,也会在中考时起一定的作用,下面我们就逐步的总结一下这些重要的常考的同近义词:
1.spend, pay, cost, take
(1) spend vt. “花费〞,主语只能是人;
常用结构:
sb. spend 时间/钱on sth. “在…上花时间/金钱
sb. spend 时间/钱(in) doing sth. “在做某事上花费时间/金钱〞
eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day.
=I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day.
※此外,spend 还有“度过〞的意思。
常用结构:
spend…with sb.
eg: spend one’s holiday with one’s friends“和朋友一起度假〞。
(2) pay vt. & vi. “花费,付款〞,主语只能是人;
常用结构:
sb. pay 钱for sth. “某人为某物付钱〞
sb, pay sb.钱= sb. pay钱to sb. “某人付钱给某人〞
eg: We must pay him 10 dollars. 我们必须付他10美元。
= She paid 100 dollars for her new shoes.
(3) cost vt.“花费〞,主语是物,
常用结构:
sth. cost sb钱“某物花费某人多少钱〞
eg: This dictionary cost me 50 yuan.
=I spent 50 yuan on this dictionary.
=I paid 50 yuan for this dictionary.
※此外,cost还有“值多少钱〞的意思。
常用结构:
sth. cost 钱
eg: This book cost 20 yuan. 这本书值20元钱。
※cost 还可作名词,“本钱,费用〞。。
固定搭配:at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何
eg: I’ll do it well at all costs. 无论如何我都要把这件事做好。
※※cost 的过去式是本身,做题时一定要注意句子是什么时态,前后搭配要一致。
常见的过去式是本身的动词:cost, put, cut, read
(4) take 当“花费〞讲时,主语是物,
常用结构:
It takes sb.时间/钱to do sth.
eg: It took me two hours to write this composition.
= I spend two hours (in) writing this composition.
2.arrive, get to, reach
(1) 这三个词都有“到达〞的意思,但arrive为不及物动词,后接地点名词时
要加介词,reach和get to后面直接跟表示地点的名词,
常用结构:
arrive in + 大地方〔名词〕
arrive at + 小地方〔名词〕
get to + 地点〔名词〕
reach + 地点〔名词〕
Eg: arrive in Beijing = get to Beijing = reach Beijing
Arrive at the station = get to station = reach the starion
※(2) arrive 和get to 后接地点副词时,arrive后不加介词,get to去掉to,Eg: arrive home/here/there = get home/here/there
※初中常见的地点副词有home, here, there.
※※三者只有arrive可以不加地点。
如:“我们明天到〞,只能用We will arrive tommorrow.
3.wear, put on, dress, have on, be in, be dressed in
put on 和dress 表穿动作,其他的都表示状态。
(1) put on “穿上,戴上〞,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等,
※宾语为代词时,要放在put on之间,如:put them on, put it on.
eg: It’s very cold outside. Please put on your overcoat.
※※反义短语为take off,注意一定不是put off.
(2) wear 常指“穿着〞、“戴着〞的状态,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。它还有“留
〔长发〕,蓄〔胡子〕〞等意思,
eg: wear blue shoes/glasses/a new hat/a watch/new clothes
(3) dress + sb. / oneself “给某人穿衣服〞,宾语不能是“衣服〞,只能是“人〞,
eg: The mother dresses her baby every morning.
(4)have on 指状态,不用进行时,因为它本身就有进行时的含义:“有…在身
上〞,
eg: He always has his cap on, 他总是戴着帽子。
(5)be in, be dressed in 后面不仅可接“衣服〞,还可接“颜色〞,这是与前面几
个词和短语的用法不同的。
eg: She is always (dresses) in red. 她总穿红衣服。
4.few, a few, little, a little, a bit, a bit of
这几个词分成几对来比拟:
(1) a few few
a little little
( 只能横向比拟和竖向比拟)