生物化学英文单词
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生物化学
第一章蛋白质的结构与功能第一节蛋白质的分子组成
●氨基酸amino acid
●等电点isoelectric point,pI
●肽peptide
●肽键peptide bond
●寡肽oligopeptide
●多肽polypeptide
●氨基酸残基residue
●肽单元peptide unit
●谷胱甘肽glutathione GSH
●神经肽neuropeptide
●辅基prothetic group
●蛋白质家族protein family
●超家族superfamily
第二节蛋白质的分子结构
●一级结构primary structure
⏹氨基酸序列amino acid sequence
●二级结构secondary structure
⏹α-螺旋α-helix
⏹β-折叠β-pleated sheet
⏹β-转角β-turn
⏹无规卷曲random coil
⏹超二级结构super-secondary structure
⏹模体motif
●三级结构tertiary structure:
⏹结构域domain
⏹分子伴侣molecular chaperone
●四级结构quaternary structure
⏹亚基subunit
⏹同二聚体homodimer
⏹异二聚体heterodimer 第三节蛋白质结构与功能的关系
●细胞色素C cytochrome C
●肌红蛋白myoglubin Mb
●血红蛋白hemoglobin Hb
●正协同效应positive cooperativity
●紧张态tense state,T态
松弛态relaxed state,R态
●别构效应allosteric effect
●朊病毒蛋白prion protein,PrP
第四节蛋白质的理化性质
●等电点isoelectric point,pI
●蛋白质变性denaturation
●复性renaturation
●蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation
●茚三酮反应ninhydrin reaction
●双缩脲反应biuret reaction
第五节蛋白质的分离、纯化与结构分析
●透析dialysis
●盐析salt precipitation
●蛋白质电泳electrophoresis
⏹等电聚焦电泳isoelectric equilibrium
electrophoresis,IEE
⏹双向凝胶电泳two-dimentional gel
electrophoresis,2-DGE
●层析chromatography
●凝胶过滤gel filtration(分子筛层析)
●超速离心法ultracentrifugation
●沉降系数sedimentation coefficient,S
●圆二色光谱circular dichroism,CD
●X线衍射法X-ray diffraction
●核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR
第六节血浆蛋白质
●γ-球蛋白γ-globulin
●前白蛋白prealbumin,PA
●免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin,Ig
第二章酶
●酶enzyme
第一节酶的分子结构与功能
●底物substrate
●酶的特异性(专一性)specificity
⏹绝对专一性absolute specificity
⏹相对专一性relative specificity
⏹立体异构专一性steroespecificity
●分类
⏹单体酶monomeric enzyme
⏹寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme
⏹多酶复合物multienzyme complex(多酶体系
multienzyme system)
●酶的化学组成
⏹单纯酶simple enzyme
⏹结合酶conjugated enzyme
◆酶蛋白apoenzyme
◆辅因子cofactor
◆全酶holoenzyme
●酶的辅因子
⏹辅酶coenzyme
⏹辅基prosthetic group
⏹金属酶metalloenzyme
◆金属激活酶metal activated enzyme
◆酶的激活剂activator
⏹维生素vitamin
●酶的活性中心active center(活性部位active
site)
⏹必需基团essential group
◆结合基团binding group
◆催化基团catalytic group
●多功能酶multifunctional enzyme(串联酶tandem
enzyme)●同工酶isoenzyme,isozyme
⏹乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase,LDH
⏹肌酸激酶creatine kinase,CK
第二节酶的分类与命名
●氧化还原酶类oxidoreductase
●转移酶类fransferase
●水解酶类hydrolase
●裂合酶类lyase
⏹合酶synthases
●异构酶类isomerase
●合成酶类synthetase(连接酶ligase)
●系统名称systematic name
推荐名称recommended name
第三节酶的工作原理
●活化能activation energy
●过渡态transition state
●化学反应的能障energy barrier
●酶-底物中间产物学说intermediate theory
●诱导契合假说induced-fit hypothesis
●邻近效应proximity effect
●定向排列orientation arrange
●表面效应surface effect
●底物脱溶剂化desolvation
●酸碱催化作用general acid-base catalysis
●亲核催化nucleophilic catalysis
●亲电催化electrophilic catalysis
●共价催化covalent catalysis
第四节酶促反应动力学
●酶促反应动力学Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed
reaction
●酶促反应初速率initial velocity,V0
●最大反应速率maximum velocity,V max
●米—曼氏方程Michaelis-Menten equation
●米氏方程Michealis equation
●米氏常数Michaelis constant
●酶的转换数turnover number