限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
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限制性定语从句与非限
制性定语从句的区别 Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息,起限定作用,与被修饰部分的关系紧密,如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如:
This is the very person that is wanted by the police.
He is the man who /that lives next door.
It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.
非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明,与先行词关系比较松散,先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开,从句可略去:
He will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him.
The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be
a Qinghua University graduate.
The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua
Bookstore, is very useful in improving your spoken
English.
The businessman, whose suitcase has been found by a stranger, has left for Beijing.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词的名词词组,其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的。例如:
The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.
My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia, will fly back tomorrow.
All of these books, which have been donated by
visiting professors, are to be used by the children in
Hope School.
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词,代词或名词性词组,而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名
词性词组外,还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如:
They say he plays truant, which he doesn’t. [which指代plays truant]
The meeting was put off till next month, as we hoped.
[as指前面的句子]
下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处:
关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中做主语
在限制性定语从句中,who或that用于指人,that 或which用于指物,它们在定语从句中代替名词性主语或代词性主语,不能省略。例如:
He is the man who/that lives here. [不能说:×He is the man who he lives here.]
The bag which/that has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong.
who(m), which, that在定语从句中作宾语
表示人的时候用who(m)或that, 它们在从句中代替名词性宾语或宾格代词,作定语从句宾语的whom/that 通常可以省略,在口语中常用who代替 whom。例如:He’s the man whom/ that I met.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
表示动物和东西的时候应用which/that:
The pieces of music (that)he has composed are sung by many pop singers.
Taxes consist of money (that) people pay to support their government.
They’re the postcards which I sent from America. who(m), which或 that作介词的宾语,关系代词可省略。
定语从句的介词的位置非常重要,我们可以说:He is the person to whom I wrote. [非常正式用法] (但不可以说:×to who).
或:He is the person who (m)I wrote to. /He is the person (whom) I wrote to.
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. [非常正式用法]
或:This is the pan which I boiled the milk in. / This is the pan (that/which) I boiled the milk in.
whose + 名词
关系代词whose是既可用于限制性定语从句,也可用于非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,一般用来指人,代替所有格形容词(my, his, your, her, its等),在从句中当定语,没有阴性、阳性或单数、复数的变化;
有时也可指物,指物时可以用of which 代替。例如: The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams.