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浅谈英语句子写作的训练

浅谈英语句子写作的训练
浅谈英语句子写作的训练

浅谈英语句子写作的训练

句子是构成段落的基本单位,若干句子的组合,构成段落,若干段落的组合构成文章。因此,写好句子是写好文章的基础。而要让学生写出语法正确、意思清楚的句子来,必须从词着手,坚持“词不离句”的原则进行训练。语言是一种模式化的行为,一种主要同类似习惯形成获得,而不是由认识过程获得的技巧。学习外语就是形成一套新的习惯。而母语习惯常会在两种不同语言结构方面起干扰作用,而结构法训练的目的在于在学习者的脑子建立自动控制的第二语言句型,从而使获得的习惯能同本族语的习惯同时共存而不受干扰。为此我们首先要进行大量的句型练习建立一套自动化习惯,这是进行英语写作的基本前提。

通过各种各样的句子练习能有效地增进学生句法的熟练程度,这是一种很好的写作训练。所以可以根据学生的实际情况,采取由简入繁,由浅入深的方法:

(1)联词成句:根据所给的词、词组联成句子。例:

(a)an /festival /the Olympic Games /are /international

----- The Olympic Games are an international festival.

(b)big reading room / library /need / cleaning

----- The big reading room of our library needs a cleaning,

以上第二句必须加入一些必要的词句才能成句。

(2)联句组句:在学了一些复合句及非谓语形式之后,就可以将简单句合并成复合句,由此可学会如何完整地表达自己的意思。例如:

(a) This is the man.

The man came to see you yesterday.

----- This is the man who came to see you yesterday.

(b) Eating properly is necessary.

It is necessary for good health.

----- Eating properly is necessary for good health.

(c) We cannot be in good health.

We do not have enough vitamins.

----- We cannot be in good health without having enough vitamins.

(3)句型转换:提出特定句型进行语法句式转换。

eg.We are learning English now.

They've learned English before.

She learned English before.

He'll learn English near year.

I'm not learning English.I'm learning French instead.(注意谓语动词时态及主谓一致)

(4)联想造句:给出中心词,让学生联想造句,可以是一词多句型,也可以是多词一句型。

eg.make一词,可联想课文中学过的句子:

Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.

Chairman Mao made Yanan the base for his revolutionary work.

The teacher made him monitor of our class.

She couldn't make herself understood English.

(5) 扩展句子:

a).给出基本结构,让学生补充,进行描述,使句子完整生动。

eg.The book is interesting.

The book,Tom Sawyer,is very interesting,which gives us a vivid description of Tom's life.b). 完成句子,给出句子的一部分,让学生用不同的形式完成句子。

eg.I know…引导学生说出:

a little English.

all about that.

of him.

him.

I know her to be honest.

how to play chess.

when he will come back.

him from his twin brother.

(6) 翻译句子:

汉语和英语表达在词句上的不同语序,单词词性的不同,运用的不同所产生的困难,也让学生望而生畏。学生对于汉语的定势思维,从用词,结构等方面给写作烙上了汉语的痕迹。汉语中名词和动词可以完全一样,而在英语中绝大部分不是这种情况,而且即使单词一样,在句中担当不同的成分,它的形式和位置就不会一样。如果套用,必定是我们所戏称的“Chinglish”。“Good good study, day day up”之类的笑话,令人忍俊不禁。通过英汉互译,比较两种语言的结构,提高学生英语表达能力。英汉互译,这是一种传统练习,现在一般都不用来作为中高考题型。但采用英汉,汉英翻译练习形式,来练习写作有很大的作用。如:

“他比以前更加努力学习了”可译为“He works harder than before”

也可改为“He works harder than over before”

但后面一句“over”就更有强调意义、更地道。英语译汉也是这样。因此,这是练习写作的重要的手段之一。

eg.Every day he listens to English on the radio in order to improve his pronunciation.(英)为了发音准确,他每天都听英语广播。(汉)

最后,在句子训练中还要注意提醒学生写好每一个句子。如,不要写破句,应该把句子写完整;同样的意思可用一句话表达的,就不要再添上二三句话来反复说明、凑字数;所用动词(谓语)一定要与它的主语保持一致;没有必要用逗号的地方就不该用;如果一个长字(句)与一个短字(句)同一个意思,则应采用后者为佳。

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1. 学校生活及学习成绩 be a bsorbed in …,bury oneself in … 对……入迷 give an excellent performance before the whole class 在全班面前好好表现一番 acquire (obtain)knowledge学习知识 put one’s heart into … 一心扑在…上 be interested in … 对……感兴趣 be fond of … 喜欢/爱好…… like chemistry best 最喜欢化学 be good at … 擅长…… be poor at …不擅长…… do well in (在考试、竞赛中)取得好成绩;干得不错 be weak in … 不擅长……fail in … 考试不及格 make progress in … 在……方面取得进步 be tired of … 对……感到厌烦/厌倦 pass the examination 通过考试major in history 主修历史 be getting on well with one’s study(某人)学业进展得很好 take several courses at school 在学校上几门课 have English(Chinese ,Physics…)every(other)day每天(隔一天)上英语(中文、物理)课…… work hard at (Physics ,Chemistry)…努力学习(物理、化学)… He has the best record in school.他的学习成绩最棒。 live up to one’s hope 不辜负某人的期望 learn about …学习到/知道(某学科知识)/听到,听说/获悉/了解到 succeed in …在(某方面)成功;在(做某事)上获得成功 be active in class (work)在课堂上(工作中)表现积极 take an active part in …积极参加…… learn sth . by heart 谙记某事,牢记在心 work out a (maths)problem解决一个(数学)问题 improve oneself in …在某方面提高自己 get 90 marks for (English)英语)考试取得90分 get an “A”in the exam在考试中得到“A” have a good command of …精通…… lay a good foundation in (language study)在(语言学习)方面奠定一个好的基础 2. 师生关系 give sb. a passing grade 给予某人及格的分数 examine the students’ homework检查学生的作业 stand on the platform 站在讲台上 get on well with sb. 与某人相处得很好 raise a question 提问 like to be with students 喜欢与学生相处 be gentle with us 对我们很友 be kind to sb. 对某人和蔼 be a strict teacher 是一个严厉的老师 be strict with one’s pupils 对学生要求严格 be strict in work 对工作要求严格

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__________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 二、某校刊英文专栏征集有关青少年健康话题的文章,请根据以下图示,以HowtoKeepHealthy为题写一篇征文。 要求:1、文中不能出现考生的真实姓名以及学校名称; 2、必须包括图示中1-3项内容,可适当发挥; 3、词数:80词左右。 _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________

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