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毕业论文
在线实时自动检测系统设计与分析
学院：电气与电子工程学院
专业：电子信息科学与技术
学生姓名：岳梅
指导教师：李田泽
2011 年 6 月
摘要
在现代工业生产中，存在着大量细丝直径的测量问题。由于测微仪等接触测量会引起被测细丝产生形变，工业上常采用电阻法和称重法测量，这类方法测量精度低，而且只能测量某一段细丝的平均直径。近年来，由于激光的应用，出现了激光扫描测量法和投影放大法，虽然实现了非接触测量，但测量精度不高。因此本研究采用具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、像素位置信息强、结构紧凑等优点的电荷耦合器件CCD，设计一种在线实时自动检测系统，实现对细丝直径的高精度、快速、免损、非接触的测量，具有非常重要的意义。
在线实时自动检测系统主要包括激光光学系统、线阵CCD传感器、单片机控制系统以及计算机处理系统；它的工作过程为：采用He-Ne激光器作为光源，利用新型电荷耦合器件作为光电接收装置，根据夫琅和费衍射原理，激光器发出的光束经过光学系统处理后，入射到电荷耦合器件CCD的光敏面上，经CCD 形成视频信号输出，通过预处理与二值化处理，再把模拟信号转化为数字信号，最后经USB接口送入计算机进行数据计算与显示，实现细丝直径尺寸的测量；本论文研究的内容主要包括：总体方案论证、光学系统研究、CCD驱动电路及CCD视频信号二值化处理电路研究、数据采集与处理系统研究、软件设计与误差分析；其中选用了TCD1206作为线阵CCD用于在线检测的传感器件，重点分析了TCD1206的驱动时序、设计了TCD1206的驱动电路和输出信号处理电路，对通用型单片机的各模块的功能进行了分析，同时对单片机的硬件系统进行了扩展，另外通过软件设计能有效地实现细丝直径的尺寸计算，并对可能造成的误差进行了分析，验证了方案的可行性。
此测量系统具有工作稳定、精度高、分辨率高、非接触自动在线检测等特点，测量范围为20m~200m,测量精度为±1m。本设计可以解决细丝直径、超细孔径、超小障碍物尺寸和光纤直径等测量问题。
关键词：CCD，非接触测量，驱动电路，数据采集与处理
ABSTRACT
In modern industrial production,there are many large filament diameter measurement problems. Beacause the contact measurement of the micrometer will cause the deformation of the measured filaments,we ofen use the method of resistance measurement and the weighing.But accuracy of these methods are low, and they can only measure the average diameter of a section of filament. In recent years, beacause of the application of the laser, there has been laser scanning method and the projection magnification method. Although it implements the non-contact measurement, its accuracy is not high. Therefore, this study uses charge-coupled device CCD which has the advantages of high resolution, high sensitivity, high pixel location, compact structure to designe an online real-time automatic detection system.It achieves high accuracy ,rapid, damage-free, non-contact measurement on the filament diameter.It has great significance.
Line real-time automatic detection system consists of laser optical system, line array CCD sensor, MCU control systems and computer processing system. It's working process: I use He-Ne laser as light source, and a new charge-coupled device as the optical receiver.According to Fraunhofer diffraction theory, The beam from the laser treatment is through the optical system,and is incident to the photosensitive surface of CCD charge-coupled device.It is formed video signal by the CCD to output , and by pre-treatment and binarization the analog signals is into digital signals. Then by the USB interface it is into the computer for data calculation and display to achieve the measurement of filament diameter. The contents of this thesis include: demonstration of the overall program, research of optical system, research of CCD drive circuit and the CCD video signal processing circuit,research of data acquisition and processing system,and software design and error analysis. TCD1206 is chosed as one of the linear CCD sensors for on-line detection.The focus analysis is the driving timing of TCD1206. I designed TCD1206 driving circuit and output signal processing circuit,analyzed the function of the general-purpose MCU of each moduleI ,and
