Book 1 Unit 1 Friendship
一. 单词
1. survey n. 调查, 概述v. 测量, 检查
短语: n. make a survey of sth. 调查…
make a general survey of sth. 纵观…
v. survey sth. 调查, 评述, 检查
survey the equipment 检查设备
eg. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan.
最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划.
派生词:surveyor n. 测量员, 检察员
2. add v. 增加, 增添, 补充说
短语: add up sth 把…加起来
add up to 合计, 总共
add sth. to sth. 把…加到….
eg. He added some sugar to the coffee.他给咖啡里加了些糖.
add to sth.= increase/ raise sth. 增加了
eg. The bad weather added to our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难.
派生词: addition n.附加物
additional adj.附加的
in addition to 除…之外
3. point n. 要点, 尖端, 含义v. 指出
短语: n. come to the point of 到了…地步
to the point of 达到…的程度
be on the point of doing 正要做…
There is no point in…没必要/ 没意义做…
boiling point 沸点
v. point to/ at 指向…
point out sth. to sb. 向某人指出某事
point out that…指出…
point sth. to/ at sb. 把…对着某人
注意:
(1) 当非善意地用手指某人时, 只能用point at
(2) 当表示指针指向, 证据表明, 建筑物的朝向时, 用point to
eg. The house points to the sea.那所房子面向大海.
派生词: pointed adj.尖锐的, 尖的
pointless adj. 无意义的, 无益的
4. upset v. 使不安, 打乱adj.心烦意乱的
短语: upset sb. 使某人不安
upset the plan 扰乱了计划
upset the cup 打翻了杯子.
It upsets sb. that…让某人心烦的是….
It upsets sb. to do sth.做…使某人不快.
be upset about 对…感到心烦
区别: upset/ nervous/ anxious
(1) upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱.
(2) nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉.
(3) anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安
5. concern n.担心, 关心, 关系v. 涉及, 有关
短语: n. show/ express concern about/ for 对…表示关心/ 担心
have concern with 和…有关系
with concern 关切地
v. concern oneself about/ for 担忧/ 关心…
concern oneself with 从事, 参与…
concern sb./ sth. 与…有关
eg. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧. eg. Don’t be involved in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事.
派生词: concerned adj. 有关的, 担心的
be concerned about/ over/ for 关心, 挂念
be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/ 参与….
all parties concerned 有关各方
as/ so far as… be concerned 就…而言
eg. As far as I’m concerned, the sooner, the better.就我而言, 越快越好.
6. cheat v. 欺骗, 作弊n.骗子, 作弊者
短语: cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物
cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做…
cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信…
catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓
注意:
(1) “骗某人的钱”是cheat sb. of sb.’s money.
(2) cheat sb. into the belief that 中的从句是同位语从句
eg. Tom cheated the boy into the belief that he could turn into a bird. Tom
骗这个小男孩相信他能变成一只鸟.
7. series n. 一系列, 连续
短语: a series of 一连串的, 一系列的
a series of accidents 一连串事故
a series of articles 一系列文章
a TV series 一部电视连续剧
in series 连续, 一系列地
注意:
(1) series属于单复数同形的单词, 其他类似的单词还有, means, species
(2) “ a series of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数
eg. A series of car accidents happens at the crossing every year.
每年这个十字路口都要发生一连串的交通事故.
派生词: serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说
8. suffer v.遭受, 忍受
短语: suffer for sth. 为…而受苦
suffer pain/ loss/ defeat/ punishment/ hardship 遭受痛苦/ 损失/ 失败/ 惩罚/ 艰难
suffer from a bad cold 患中感冒
注意:
(1) suffer用作及物动词时, 相当于experience, 遭受, 经历不愉快之事, 但没有被动语态.
(2) suffer 用作不及物动词时, 常与from 连用, 意为”苦于…, 患…病.”
9. advice n. 劝告, 建议
名词短语: give/ offer sb. some advice on 就…给某人提建议
ask sb. for advice 征求某人的意见.
follow/ take one’s advice 接受某人的建议
do sth. by one’s advice 按某人的建议做…
on/ upon one’s advice 听某人的劝告
动词短语: advise v. 建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做
advise sb. not to do sth. = advise sb. against doing sth. 建议某人不要做…
advise doing sth. 建议做…
advise that 建议…
advise sb. on 向某人提…建议
注意:
(1) advise 后接动名词作宾语.
eg. He advised having a meeting tonight.他建议今晚开会.
(2) advise 后接that从句时, 从句用虚拟语气.
eg. They advised that I (should) carry a passport.他们建议我要带着护照.
(3) advice是不可数名词, “一条建议”是a piece of advice
派生词:
adviser/ advisor n.建议者, 顾问
advisory adj.劝告的, 顾问的
二. 短语:
1. go through 通过, 经受, 仔细检查, 完成
eg. go through too many wars 经过太多的战争
eg. go through with one’s promise 实践诺言
eg. The new law has gone through.新的法律已经通过了
eg. The teacher went through all the students’ homework.老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.
短语:
break through 冲破
get through 完成, 通过
live through 活过…
look through 浏览
read through 通读
see through 看穿
have been through with.经受过(很多苦)
through thick and thin 共患难
through and through 彻底, 完全
2. set down 记下, 放下, 认为, 归因于…
eg. Set down his name and address.记下他的名字和地址
eg. He set down the book on the table.他把书放在桌上.
eg. I set the man down as a soldier.我认为那人是个士兵.
eg. I set down his bad temper to his health.我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.
短语:
set about (doing) sth. 着手(做)某事
set out to do sth 着手做某事
set off 动身, 引爆
set up 竖起, 创设, 开办
set down= put down = write down= get down 写下, 记下。
