2015年4月Power System Technology Apr. 2015 文章编号：1000-3673（2015）04-0879-07 中图分类号：TM 91 文献标志码：A 学科代码：470·4054
规模化储能技术典型示范应用的现状分析与启示
胡娟，杨水丽，侯朝勇，许守平，惠东
（中国电力科学研究院，北京市海淀区100192）
Present Condition Analysis on Typical Demonstration Application of
Large-Scale Energy Storage Technology and Its Enlightenment
HU Juan, YANG Shuili, HOU Chaoyong, XU Shouping, HUI Dong
(China Electric Power Research Institute, Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China)
ABSTRACT:As the supporting technology and the key impetus for structural adjustment of energy resources and energy conservation and emission reduction, large-scale energy storage technology presents wide application prospects in the fields of power generation, transmission and distribution, power demand side, auxiliary service and grid integration of renewable energy sources. Hundreds of multi-type energy storage demonstration projects with capacities in MWs have been carried out home and abroad, and the related scope includes renewable energy sources, distributed generation and microgrid, power transmission and distribution, auxiliary services etc.. Through analyzing the basic situation of the existed large-scale energy storage demonstration projects, the technology type of energy storage and the focused application scope in academic and engineering study are discussed. From the prospective of the demonstration functions, main techniques and the funding, the technology concerns and the demands of different application modes on the performances of energy storage technologies are summarized. The promotion effect of related policies on energy storage technology is analyzed. Meanwhile, based on the previous analysis, the direction of industrialization development of energy storage in China is given.
KEY WORDS:large-scale energy storage technology; demonstration application; electrochemical energy storage; phase-change energy storage; mechanical energy storage; electromagnetic energy storage
摘要：规模化储能技术作为能源结构调整与节能减排的支撑技术和关键推手，在发输配电、电力需求侧、辅助服务以及新能源接入等领域有着广阔的应用前景。国内外开展并建成了数百项MW级及以上的多种新型储能示范工程，应用领域涉及可再生能源、分布式发电与微网、输配电以及辅
基金项目：国家电网公司科技项目“面向电力系统调频需求的储能系统优化配置及运行方法研究”。助服务等。文中通过对国内外已建规模化储能示范的基本概况分析，重点讨论实现规模化示范应用的储能技术类型以及学术界和工程界聚焦的应用领域；从示范功能、主要技术以及资助情况等角度，梳理不同应用模式对储能技术的性能需求与技术关注点；基于储能相关政策解析，分析其对储能技术实现规模化应用的促进与推动作用。同时，给出了上述分析结果对我国储能产业化发展的启示。
关键词：规模化储能技术；示范应用；电化学储能；相变储能；机械储能；电磁储能
DOI：10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.04.001
0 引言
储能技术对于全球节能减排与优化能源结构的目标实现有着积极的推动作用，尤其随着可再生能源接入比例的增大、智能电网概念的提出、政府的支持与资本的追逐，规模化储能技术应用的市场前景逐渐显现[1-3]。其应用贯穿于电力系统的发、输、供、配、用各个环节[4-6]，用于提高新能源发电利用率与接入能力，实现绿色节能目标；缓解高峰负荷供电需求，提高现有电网及其设备的运行效率，延缓和减少电源与电网建设；提高电能质量和用电效率，保障电网的优质、安全、可靠供电和高效用电的需求，促进电网的结构形态、规划设计、调度管理、运行控制与使用方式等的优化与改善。
储能技术对电网的影响在深度与广度上均较深远[7-8]。近年来，国内外工程界和学术界的研究热度持续增长，成果频出[9-13]。储能技术迅猛发展，已由小容量小规模的研究与示范向大容量与规模化发展。美国、日本、欧盟与中国等国家从资金支持研发与示范、制定相关储能政策等方面促进与推动储能技术的产业化发展。
目前，除技术最成熟、应用最广泛的抽水蓄能外，国内外开展了多种新型储能技术的研究探索[14-16]，
