目录
1焊接概述 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
1.1 焊接的定义[1] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2 焊接过程的物理本质[1]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 焊接方法的分类[2] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.4 常用焊接方法基本特点与应用[2] [3]------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.5 焊缝符号[4] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.5.1 基本符号 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.5.2 辅助符号--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.5.3补充符号 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.5.4焊缝尺寸符号--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.5.5指引线及说明（见表1-5-6） ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.5.6焊缝符号标注的原则和方法（见表1-5-7） -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.5.7常见金属焊接方法代号（见表1-5-8） --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.5.8 焊缝符号标注示例（见表1-5-9） ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2焊接设计 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.1 材料选用---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.1.1 母材材料选用 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.1.1.1 钢结构对材料的要求[5]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.1.1.2 钢结构用钢的分类[5]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.1.1.2 钢结构用钢选用原则[5] [6] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.1.2焊接材料匹配[3] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 2.2 焊接方法的选用[12] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.3 焊接结构设计 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2.3.1焊接应力[5] [12] [13] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.3.1.1 焊接应力的特点和分类-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.3.1.2焊接残余应力对结构的影响 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
2.3.1.3从设计方面调节和控制焊接残余应力（工艺措施见下章）----------------------------------------------20
2.3.2焊接变形[5] [12] [13] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.3.2.1 焊接变形的特点和分类-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.3.2.2 焊接变形收缩余量计算-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
2.3.2.3从设计方面控制焊接残余变形（工艺方面见下章）--------------------------------------------------------23
2.3.3焊接接头构造的设计与选择（主要是熔焊接头） ----------------------------------------------------------------24
2.3.3.1焊接接头的基本类型[12] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.3.3.2常用焊接接头的工作特性[12] [6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.3.3.3设计与选择焊接接头须考虑的因素[12]--------------------------------------------------------------------------25
2.3.3.4 坡口的设计与选择[12] [13][14] [15] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
2.3.3.5 焊缝设计-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
2.3.3.6焊接接头的静强度计算------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
