日语谚语的分析与研究
谚语是在民间广为流传的、固定的、有韵律的、并且在结构和语义上都相对完整的一种语言表达形式。作为民间文学的一种形式，其格式严谨，具有训导或评价功能，表达了人们的智慧、生活的经验、事物的哲理以及为人处世的方式等。不仅如此，谚语的内容涉及一个民族的生存环境、历史进程、社会生活、宗教信仰以及民间习俗等多方面，它反映了特定民族对各种事物、现象的共同认识，是民族文化的直接映像。谚语形象生动、言简意赅、寓意深刻，可以有效地增强语言的表现力，因而在书面语和口语中都经常使用。
Abstract
Adage (Proverb) is a kind of quite expressive form of conveying in words which isstill widely used since it circulated and came into usage thousands of years ago. It cannot only reflect a nation's cultural identity and social attitudes, but also the pith of anational’s language. Japanese proverbs have their own characteristics, too. However, theemphasis of previous study on Japanese proverbs was mostly on language structure andideological contents. In this paper, we analyze, conclude and summarize the expressivecharacteristic of Japanese proverb from the standpoint of syntax and semantics.First, the author
summed up the general definition of Japanese proverbs. On thisbasis, by introducing some examples of daily Japanese proverbs, the author analyzes theuse of single, complex sentence and their syntactic features. Most proverbs are short andconcise. Single sentences are much more used than
multi-sentences and the frequencyof using conditional clause is the highest among all kinds of multi-sentences. Proverbsfocus on rhythm in the phonological, not only in the rhythm of the whole sentence, butalso on the internal use of proverbs in the same homonym and so on. Secondly, from theperspective of semantic, the semantic phenomenon of proverbs is analyzed, according tothe semantic properties, make a classification of it, and analyze their characteristicswhich combined with culture background. Again, from the perspective of cognitivelinguistics, proverbs and figures of speech are described. Finally, discusses therelationship between meaning of proverbs and culture of modal.
第二章日语谚语的....................20-44
第一节单句型....................22-38
二、直接成.................... 28-36
三、直接成分.................... 36-38
第二节复句型谚.................... 38-42
一、并列句.................... 38-40
二、主从句.................... 40-42
本章小结42-44
第三章日语谚语的表达....................44-52 第一节日语谚语的.................... 44-46
一、省略.................... 44-45
二、存在句 (45)
三、「でも」表示极 (45)
四、倒装 ....................45-46
五、缩略 (46)
第二节日语谚语.................... 46-52
二、音节数.................... 47-50
三、语形 ....................50-52
结论
本文对谚语的定义、句法特点、语义特征进行了概括总结，分析了谚语的语义现象，并根据语义的社会内容对谚语进行了分类和阐述。通过对本文的整理和论述，本人得到以下结论：
1.通过对多部词典中的定义以及谚语与惯用句、成语等的比较，归纳出了谚语的若干特征。谚语是在民间广泛流传的、固定的、有韵律的、并且在结构和语义上都相对完整的一种表达形式。它蕴含着人们长期积累起来的人与自然、人际间关系的知识和经验，同时又与民族的文化、历史有着密切的关系，是一部真正的“百科全书”。
2.谚语谓语形式丰富多样，但仍然是以表示陈述语气的动词终止形为主。
3.复句形谚语约占总体的10%，且并列句较多使用「～は～は～」、「～も～も～」这两种句式；复句中条件句所占比例最大，多使用「ば」表示条件.
4.日语谚语在韵律上也具有一定的规律，以“五七、七七”的形式为主并且利用日语同音异义这一特性，使用一些同音异义词，为谚语增
