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高中英语主谓一致精析及强化训练一）主谓一致的种类1．语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike.2．意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。
2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
如：The news was so surprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。
特殊词解析：1. majoritythe majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The majority agree [agrees] with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。
The majority was [were] in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
但是若单独用的the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。
如：The majority are young people.2. “the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。
The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth.minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。
2020英语中考复习专题-----主谓一致讲解一、主谓一致的含义“主谓一致”指的是句子的主语谓语在“人称”和“数”上的一致关系，也就是说，谓语的单复数取决于主语的形式和内容。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
e.g. I often help him and he often helps me.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：① My brother and I have both seen that film.① Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
例：① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.① Law and order has been established.① One more knife and fork is needed.①Bread and butter is our daily food.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.① No sound and no voice is heard.① Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1 ．主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。
英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致原则语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如：Tom doesn ’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。
汤姆不喜欢游泳。
Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。
2.意义一致原则意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。
有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。
The news was exci ng. 这条消息令人振奋。
3.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。
当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or either...or……, neither …nor nor……, not only …but also …, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。
Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。
主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题，1.主语为集体名词(1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。
如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如：Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。
语法讲解：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
考点1：对语法一致原则的考查语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.主语是单数名词时，谓语动词大凡用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His father is working on the farm.Two students are waiting for you in your office.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.考点2：对语法附加原则的考查主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，aswell as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.She，like you and Tom，is very tall.考点3：对整体原则的考查主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等量度的词作主语时，视为整体看待，谓语动词常用单数形式。
例如：To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.Five dollars is enough.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习XXX to the agreement of the verb with the XXX of personand number。
In formal writing。
this XXX "or," "either…or," "nor," "neither…nor," "whether…or," "not…but," and "not only…but also." For example。
"What he does or what he says does not concern me," "Neither you nor I am wrong," "Not you but your father is to blame," and "Not only you but also he is wrong."In inverted sentences。
the verb can agree with the first subject that follows。
For instance。
"In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people," and "There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk."XXX。
the principle of proximity may be followed。
but the XXX grammatical agreement may also be applied。
英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“周边原则”“就近一致原则” (Proximity ），即：谓语与凑近的名词、代词（有时不必定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中：1.由以下词语连结的并列主语："there be＋句型 ; or ; either⋯or；nor; neither⋯nor；whether ⋯or ；not ⋯but; not only⋯but also" ;等。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我没关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong .你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame .不是你，而是你父亲该受责怪。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不单你错了，他也错了。
2.在倒装句中：谓语可与后边第一个主语一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼叫声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致)我和他当时都不在那边。
（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）可是，假如依“就近一致原则”而与其余两项原则相矛盾时，则经常以为是不太合符规范的。
e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者赞同他的建议。
第十七章主谓一致一、意义一致原则主语后跟有介宾结构作定语或状语前置时:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。
例 Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.爱丽丝经常和他的父母在星期日逛公园 (with her parents做状语，本应置后，放在前面故意造成干扰)例Everyone except Jim and Tom is here.除了吉姆和汤姆，每个人都来了例Normal things like answering the telephone, opening or shutting the door are very difficult for the disabled 。
像回电话开关门之类的正常的事情对于残疾人来说也是很困难的二、就近原则---主语由以下连词连接：谓语动词与后一个主语一致:1(Either)…or… 2 Neither…nor… 3 Not only…but (also) 4 there be 句型例Either you or I am going to the movies.There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.三、整体原则1表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式：例Three years is not a long time. Ten dollars is what he needs.Five hundred miles is a long distance.2集合名词people作主语，谓语动词用复数形式：例people don’t like his songs人们不喜欢他的歌曲四、谓单原则1 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：例 Each of them drinks a cup of tea.他们中的每一个人喝一杯茶。
1 主谓一致讲解及练习 1．语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong． The number of mistakes was surprising． 2．意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如： The crowd were running for their lives． 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。 2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如： The news was very exciting． 3)形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。 3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this． 4．应注意的几个问题。 A)名词作主语 1)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV• His family is going to have a long journey． 这类名词有：audienee，class，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如：： The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2)某些集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如： The police are searching for him． 3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如： A sheep is over there, Some sheep are over there． 4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如： My Uncle\'s is not far from here． The doctor\'s is on the side of the street． 常见的省略名词有：the baker\'s，the barber\'s，the carpenter\'s，the Zhang\'s，etc, 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语 动词往往用复数。例如： Richardson\'s have a lot of leather goods to sell． 5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise． The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago． 2
Three years has passed． 6)不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future． 7)如果主语有more than one...或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm． More than one student has seen the film， 是，在“more+复数名词+than one\'’结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan． 8)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk . 9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数， men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous． This kind of men is dangerous． 10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法)，works(工厂)，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如： The (This) glass works was set up in l970． (这家玻璃厂建于1970年。) The(These)glass works are near the railway station． (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。) 当它们前面有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数。但“means\"，“no means\"，“the means\"等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。 注：work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。 11)如果名词词组中心词是all，most；half，rest，part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如： All of the water is gone。 All of my classmates work hard． 12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture． B)由连接词连接的名词作主语 13)用and或both...and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如： Walking and riding are good exercises． Plastics and rubber never rot． 但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。例如： A knife and forkis on the table． Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit． The girl\'s teacher and friend is a young doctor． Truth and honesty is the best policy。 14)当主语后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的词组时，其 3
谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented． The teacher as well as the students was excited． 15)以or，either...，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如： Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it Either you or he is to go． Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room． C)代词作主语．’ 16)名词型物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如： Ours(Our Party) is a great party． our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown． 17)such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如： Such are his words．Such is our plan． 8)关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun． Those who want to go please you’re your names here． 19)疑问代词who，：what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如： What produce(s)heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu． Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu． 20)不定代词．any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主语时，有以下两种情况： ①单独用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如： All are present．let\'s begin the meeting． Now all has been changed． either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 ②后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。 例如： None of them has(have)seen thefilm． Do(es) any of you know his address? D)分数、量词作主语 21)某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如： The billion is a large number． Twelve were boys. 英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如： Three times five is/are fifteen． Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three． Three taken from eight leaves five． 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用how many，谓语动词多用复数形式。例如：
