【2018模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The idea of inventing an international language is not a new one. Over the past 180 years, linguists (语言学家) have created over ten different languages that are based on German, Spanish, and English. One of these was Basic English.
By 1923 the First World War had been over for five years, but Europe was still recovering from its effects. Charles Kay Ogden, a linguist and writer, was running several bookshops in Cambridge. He published The Meaning
of Meaning (1923), a book describing how we use language. The book received high praise, which drove Ogden to design an international language — something that was much simpler than English. In 1930 Ogden’s book Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar was published.
Perhaps it takes about seven years for one to become a good English speaker. Ogden believed that Basic English could be learned in seven weeks. There were only 850 words and the grammar was very simple.
The language attracted the attention of cators all over the world, but its development was stopped by the Second World War. After the war, both the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt looked for ideas that might bring world peace. They both gave speeches that encouraged the use of Ogden’s international language. In the past 60 years, the language has had some success. In some parts of East Asia, teachers are still using Ogden’s word lists.
However, in the main, the language has disappeared. Because there are many more non-native than native speakers of English, recently some linguists have asked whether we should give careful consideration to Ogden’s ideas again. And the Wikipedia website (21世纪教育网) has started a version (版本) written in Basic English for non-native learners of the language. Search for it on the Internet now!
1. According to the text, Basic English _____.
A. was very easy to learn
B. has a history of 180 years
C. is mainly based on three languages
D. developed fast over the last 60 years
2. What was Churchill and Roosevelt’s attitude towards Basic English?
A. They were worried about it.
B. They were uncertain of it.
C. They supported it.
D. They didn’t care about it.
3. The linguists mentioned in the last paragraph seem to _____.
A. write in Basic English on Wikipedia
B. encourage people to use Basic English
C. believe Basic English will disappear soon
D. think there will be fewer speakers of English
4. The main purpose of the text is to _____.
A. advertise a website
B. review two books
C. describe some linguists’ works
D. introduce an international language
(语言学习)本文是说明文。
本文介绍了由英国语言学家奥格登创造的简单世界语——基本英语。
1. A。
推理判断题。
根据第三段的Ogden believed ... in seven weeks. There were ... very simple可知，奥格登认为用七周时间就能掌握基本英语。
因为基本英语只有850个单词，语法又非常简单，所以很容易学。
2. C。
推理判断题。
根据第四段的They both gave speeches that encouraged the use of Ogden’s international language可知，丘吉尔和罗斯福都发表过演讲，鼓励人们使用基本英语。
故他们对基本英语持支持的态度。
3. B。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段的re cently some linguists ... Ogden’s ideas again可知，这些语言学家提出是否应该重新认真考虑奥格登的理念，因为他们倡导使用基本英语。
4. D。
写作目的题。
本文主要介绍了一种重要的世界语——基本英语，简要描述了语言学家奥格登创造基本英语的过程以及它的发展情况。
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项ABCD中选出最佳选项。
【2018高考训练】A
Computer programmer David Jones earns ￡35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡). Instead, he has been told to wait another two years, until he is 18. The 16yearold works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David' s firm releases(推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.
But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage(抵押贷款),or get credit cards. David got his job with the Liverpoolbased company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six Olevels and working for a time in a computer shop.“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,”he said. David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week. But most of his spare time is spent working.
“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said.“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement(退休) is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.”
56. In what way is David different from people of his age?
A. He often goes out with friends.
B. He lives with his mother.
C. He has a handsome income.
D. He graduated with six O-levels.
57. What is one of the problems that David is facing now?
A. He is too young to get a credit card.
B. He has no time to learn driving.
C. He has very little spare time.
D. He will soon lose his job.
58. Why was David able to get the job in the company?
A. He had done well in all his exams.
B. He had written some computer programs.
C. He was good at playing computer games.
D. He had learnt to use computers at school.
59. Why did David decide to leave school and start working?
A. He received lots of job offers.
B. He was eager to help his mother.
C. He lost interest in school studies.
D. He wanted to earn his own living.
【参考答案】56—59、CABC
【2018高考训练】
China has recently been faced with serious issues of product safety. In Panama, it is said that medicine made with a poisonous chemical sickened some people. A Chinese company had identified it as diethylene
glycol, a low – cost substitute commonly used in automobile antifreeze.
Some countries have banned Chinese-made toothpaste containing diethylene glycol. China has now told companies to discontinue its use, even though it says the toothpaste is safe. Another industrial chemical, melamine, was found in wheat flour used to make pet food in North America. Thousands of dogs and cats became sick.
The United States has restricted some imports of Chinese seafood because they contained banned substance. And questions have been raised about other products, including childre n’s toys covered with lead paint.
Chinese officials promised to provide the European Union, the biggest trading partner, with detailed reports on enforcement efforts against unsafe goods.
Meglena Kuneva, commissioner (理事) for consumer protection of the European Union said China should have kept its promise.
China recently closed three companies linked to the Panama and the pet food scare. And it dismissed the former head of its food and drug administration. He was found guilty of corruption (腐败) for approving unsafe drugs. This week, a conference of the State Council approved a proposed special measure on the supervision of food safety. The Xinhua News Agency said it calls for stronger controls over producers, greater responsibilities for government and more serious punishment for illegal activities.
But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media of overstating problems with goods made in China. They say food imports from the United States also fail
inspection sometimes. Next Week, American and Chinese food safety officials are planning to hold 5 days of meetings in Beijing to discuss cooperation.
51．How many cases with safety problems are mentioned in the passage?
A．Six B．Five C．Four D．Three 52．How was Panama case dealt with afterwards?
A．Three companies linked to it were closed down.
B．The former head of food and drug administration was executed.
C．More serious punishment was conducted for leaders linked to it.
D．Both A and B.
53．It can be implied but not clearly stated that ________.
A．Chinese made toothpaste is safe
B．the safety of “made in China” is doubted C．there are safety problems with one more Chinese products
D．stronger control over Chinese products is in need
54．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．China is facing product safety problems
B．more controls are taken of Chinese goods
C．overstated problems with Chinese goods
D．China is losing its trade partners
55．What does “it refers to in the last but one paragraph?”
A．China B．The European Union
C．Chinese officials D．The Chinese
company
【参考答案】51—55 BDBAA
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Since 1984 ，Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one，graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far，more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about, ”she says，“I answer them with one word: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets，”“Love and Care, ”and “Peace Walk.”
The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year，the workers painted 140 murals.
“The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says Golden，who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。
1. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Love，from Graffiti Writers to Muralists
B. MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia
C. Jane，an Excellent Mural Artist
D. Hope，One Wall at a Time
答案：D。
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。
2. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?
A. Helping the young find jobs.
B. Protecting the neighborhood.
C. Fighting against graffiti.
D. Attracting more visitors.
答案：C。
细节理解题。
由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphia's AntiGraffiti Network.”可知C项正确。
3. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?
A. By having discussions with people in the community.
B. By seeking advice from the city government.
C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.
D. By studying the history of the city.
答案：A。
细节理解题。
由第三段第二句可知答案为A项。
4．Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP? A. Difficult. B. Dangerous.
C. Experimental.
D. Successful.
答案：D。
推理判断题。
由文章第四段可知the MAP每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为D项。
阅读理解-----B----- (2018·湖北卷，B)
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred H．Harrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.
Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling
appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.
动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。
5．What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and humans' singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other. B．The sense of accomplishment. C．The act of hunting for something. D．The sense of belonging to a group.
答案：D。
细节判断题。
从第二段的信息词“b ond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项D的说法是一致的。
6．Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong? A．Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together. D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
答案：C。
细节判断题。
根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that...be punished for joining...”都可以表明选项C的说法是符合原文之意的。
7．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to________.
A．show their ranks B．find their companions C．report the missing ones D．express their loneliness
答案：B。
细节判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项B的说法是最符合原文的。
8．“Howlin g...is a contagious behaviour”(in the last
paragraph)means________.
A．howling is a signal for hunting B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morning D．howling spreads from one to another
答案：D。
句意理解题。
从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项D所说的那样。
