2017初中英语定语从句详解
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2017年最新一、考查以that和which引导的定语从句
1.通常只能用that的情况
1)当先行词是不定代词a11,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything 等时。
2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,the only.the very.the last等修饰时。
3)如果先行词既指人又指物,使用关系代词that。
【考例】Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈尔滨市]
A. that
B. when
C. who
[答案]A。[分析]在定语从句中,引导词who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行词the days作spent的宾语可判定用that引导。
2.通常只用which的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。
(2)引导非限定性定语从句,而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。
(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,如果两个从句都可以用that引导,那么其中一个应改用which 引导。
【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics. [成都市]
A. who
B. those
C. which
[答案]C。[分析]考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有which,who,where,that,故排除B,who指人,又排除了A,先行词是物,故选C。
二、考查以who,whom和whose引导的定语从句
(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who 而不用which。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。
(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of +which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of +which/whom"结构。
【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. [广东省]
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. whom
[答案]A。[分析]本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为the man,指人,排除which;连接代词在从句中作主语,排除whose和whom。故本题选who。
--Do you know the man __is running along the street?
--Yes. He is our English teacher. [长沙市]
A. who
B. which
C. whom
[答案]A。[分析]考查定语从句。限制性定语从句,如果修饰人,一般用关系who,有时用that(作主语时用who较多)。
三、考查关系副词where、when和why引导的定语从句
它们相当于“介词+which",其中where=in/at +which;when=at/in/during +which;why=for +which。
(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。
(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必
须是表示原因的名词。
【考例】(2009·绵阳中考)Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.
A.which B.where C.that D .when
答案:B点拨:此题考查定语从句。先行词为an amusement park指地点,故关系词用where。
五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查
当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom",且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词和先行词的搭配内容而定;根据先行词的特殊用法而定。
【考例】Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? (湖北黄石)
A. who
B. whom
C. with whom
D. which
[答案]:C
[命题立意]:本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。
[试题分析]:先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语,介词with 可以放在关系代词之前,故应选C。
【语法回顾】
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(when, where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系的作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词、副词
作用
先行词
例句
that,who,
whom(只做宾语)
主语、宾
语、表语
人
Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗? that,which
主语、宾
语、表语
物、时
间、地
点、原
因
She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.
她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。
whose
定语
人物