托福综合写作的范文

托福TPO17综合写作及材料原文托福TPO17综合写作范文及材料原文新托福TPO17综合写作阅读材料就鸟类的减少列举出了几个原因，听力材料就这些原因一一进行了反驳，要求大家根据材料写一篇作文。

下面是店铺整理的材料原文和作文范文，欢迎阅读!新托福TPO17综合写作范文：The reading and listening materials have a conflict of opinions about the birds' population in US. The writer believes that it will continue to shrink, which is contradicted by the following lecture.First, the writer claims that the increasing humans' population will lead to the disappearance of birds' habitats while the speaker views this issue from an opposite angle. According to her, although the urban development is harmful to some types of birds, it provides larger and better protection for other species. For example, the number of some birds like seagulls and pigeons grow in suburbs.Secondly, the author states that the agricultural activities will have destructive impacts on birds' habitats. However, the lecture opposes this claim by saying that the land used for agriculture is decreasing every year. It is because more productive crops have been invented and more crops will be harvested in unit land. Thus there is no need to destroy the wilderness area.Lastly, the passage argues that the pesticides will contaminate the birds' food and water, killing more birds. By contrast, in accordance with the professor, this viewpoint does not hold water. The reason is that much less poisoned/toxic pesticides and the genetically pest-resistant crops are developed, which don't harm birds at all.新托福TPO17综合写作阅读材料：In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increasing in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States – birds in particular. Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline.在过去的一个世界，人类数量的增加以及随之而来的农业生产的发展和杀虫剂的增加使得很多美国的野生动物受到了影响，而这种问题在鸟类上表现得更为明显。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO4综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO4综合写作阅读原文文本： Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms. Polar dinosaurs One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates. Leg position and movement There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms. Haversian canals There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals. 托福TPO4综合写作听力原文文本： Many scientists have problems with the arguments you read in the passage. They don't think those arguments prove that dinosaurs were endotherms. Take the polar dinosaur argument. When dinosaurs lived, even the polar regions, where dinosaur fossils have been found, were much warmer than today, warm enoughduring part of the year for animals that were not endotherms to live. And during the months when the polar regions were cold, the so-called polar dinosaurs could have migrated to warmer areas or hibernated like many modern reptiles do. So the presence of dinosaur fossils in polar regions doesn't prove the dinosaurs were endotherms. Well, what about the fact that dinosaurs have their legs placed under their bodies, not out to the side like crocodiles. That doesn't necessarily mean dinosaurs were high-energy endotherms built for running. There is another explanation for having legs under the body. This body structure supports more weight, so with the legs under their bodies, dinosaurs can grow to a very large size. Being large had advantages for dinosaurs, so we don't need the idea of endothermy and running to explain why dinosaurs evolved to have their legs under their bodies. Ok, so how about bone structure? Many dinosaur bones do have Haversian canals, that's true. The dinosaur bones also have growth rings. Growth rings are thickening of the bone that indicates periods of time when the dinosaurs weren't rapidly growing. These growth rings are evidence that dinosaurs stopped growing or grew more slowly during cooler periods. This pattern of periodic growth, you know, rapid growth followed by no growth or slow growth, and then rapid growth again, is characteristic of animals that are not endotherms. Animals that maintain a constant body temperature year-round as true endotherms do grow rapidly even when the environment becomes cool. 托福TPO4综合写作满分范文： The professor actually contradicts the statements made in the passage. She is of the view that dinosaurs are not endotherms i.e. they were not able to keep their body temperature at a constant rate. The professor contradicts the issue of dinosaurs being endothers based on the availability of fossils being available in the polar regions, she say that the polar regions in those days were not as cold as they are today i.e at least warm enough for dinosaurs to live. Durin harsh winters she says that there is a possibility of the dinosaurs actually migrating to warmer regions. The issue of leg position and movement being used as a reason to clasify the dinosaurs as endotherms does not please the professor either. She says that dinosaurs had legs under their bodies to support their huge bodies i.e the legs under the body of the dinosaur were actually to support the huge weight of the dinosaur and not to provide it with a body structure like endotherms(which is actually suited for running). The professor acknowledges the presence of haversian canals but also points out that that the fossils show the presence of growth rings. These rings occur due to the thickening of the bone. The thickening indicates that the dinosaurs were’nt。

托福TPO5综合写作及材料「阅读和听力」托福TPO5综合写作范文及材料「阅读和听力」托福TPO5综合写作材料是讨论美国西南部墨西哥地区查科峡谷的巨屋的作用。

下面是店铺整理的托福TPO5综合写作范文和材料，希望能帮到大家!托福TPO5综合写作范文The author of the reading passage proposes three theories as likely explanations of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, grant structures built in the I2th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws comparisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large Residential st ructures in support of the “Residential” theory.The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered Maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the “food storage theory” is unlikely.Finally, regarding the third theory, the “ceremony theory”, the lecturer contends that the presence of broken pots close to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this was a place for ceremonial activities. He argues that there are other materials such as pieces of construction trash found along with the broken pots, which suggest that these pots were probably not used for ceremonial purposes but instead were discarded byconstruction workers upon completion of the great houses.托福TPO5综合写作阅读材料As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses,” massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.早在12世纪，美国西南部墨西哥地区查科峡谷的居民就以他们的“巨屋”而闻名。

TPO64综合写作听力文本Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.Professor:East coast broccoli might not actually be as successful or beneficial as its creators claim.First,it’s true that growing and selling crops locally saves money on transportation costs,but that will not necessarily make the new broccoli cheaper for consumers.Yes, the new breed of broccoli will be able to survive the hot summers on the east coast, but unfortunately it will also have lower yields than the broccoli grown on the west coast.This means that farmers on the east coast will harvest less broccoli per hectare, and so they’ll have to sell their produce at a higher price.This price increase will cancel out the savings on transportation,so the east coast consumers will probably not save any money buying the locally grown broccoli.Second,even though researchers are using traditional breeding techniques in creating the new broccoli,the public might still be suspicious.You see,financial support for this research comes from the same companies that created genetically modified crops in the past.Because those companies used genetic modification techniques with other crops,many American consumers distrust those companies and might distrust any project that those companies are involved in.This might lead the consumers to reject the new broccoli as well.Third,it’s true that fresh broccoli has the greatest amount of health-promoting nutrients and vitamins,but is that a good argument for creating a new breed of broccoli that can be grown on the east coast?Not necessarily.Other vegetables that are already grown on the east coast contain similar nutrients that broccoli contains. For example,kale,a leafy green vegetable,provides comparable health benefits.And kale is in some respects better.It’s grown on the east coast not only during the summer,but also during the fall and winter.Instead of wasting money and resources on creating new vegetables,we should educate people about eating fresh healthy vegetables that are already available locally.范文：The author in the reading holds that there exist several potential benefits to create a new type of broccoli grown on the East Coast despite hotter summers,while the lecturer in the lecture expresses an opposite opinion.To begin with,the author claims that it’s likely for consumers to purchase broccoli with lower costs if it is grown on the East Coast and sold at nearby grocery stores. However,the lecturer refutes that although it saves money on transportation costs,the new breed of broccoli will generate lower yields than those grown on the Western coast.Thereby,farmers on the East Coast have to sell products at a higher price, canceling out the saving on transportation,which is unlikely to save any money.Moreover,the author believes that the new type of broccoli will probably be much more desirable to consumers than some other new crops.On the contrary,the lecturer rebuts that the public might still be suspicious even if creating new broccoli is based on traditional breeding techniques.Thanks to financial support for this research from the same corporations creating genetically modified crops in the past,plenty of American consumers distrust both businesses and involved projects,which leading them to reject new broccoli.Finally,the author puts forward that if grown locally,new broccoli will be healthier for East Coast residents than California broccoli.Instead,the lecturer retorts that other vegetables that already grow on East Coast contain similar nutrients that broccoli contains.For instance,kale,a leafy green vegetable on the East,provides comparable health benefits and survives in fall and winter as well.Rather than waste money and resources on creating new vegetables,individuals ought to be aware of fresh and healthy vegetables available locally.The reading passage suggests that tuna farming has faced several problems and criticisms,but the speaker suggests that researchers are finding promising solutions to these problems.。

托福tpo69综合写作范文同学们，今天咱们来聊聊托福TPO69综合写作的范文呀。

托福考试里的综合写作就像是一场小小的辩论会呢。

在这个写作里，会给我们一个话题，然后有不同的观点。

就好比咱们在讨论是喜欢在学校操场玩还是去校外的公园玩一样。

想象一下，这个题目可能是关于动物的。

比如说，有一方觉得应该把城市里的小松鼠都集中管理起来，就像把咱们的小宠物都关进笼子里一样。

他们觉得这样可以保护小松鼠不被马路上的车撞到，也不会乱咬居民种的花花草草。

但是呢，范文里可能就会提出不同的看法啦。

它可能会说小松鼠本来就是城市里自由的小居民呀。

就像咱们在学校里的小鸟一样，要是把小鸟都关起来，那学校就没有那种生机勃勃的感觉了。

小松鼠在城市里跑来跑去，会给城市增添很多乐趣。

比如说，有个小朋友每天上学的路上都会看到小松鼠在树上跳来跳去，小松鼠还会抱着坚果啃，这个小朋友每次看到都会特别开心，要是小松鼠都被关起来了，这个小朋友就会觉得很失落呢。

再比如说这个题目要是关于环境的。

一方觉得要在海边建好多好多的大房子，这样可以让更多的人来海边旅游住得下。

可是范文也许会反对这个观点。

它可能会说海边是好多小动物的家呀，像小螃蟹，它们在沙滩上挖了好多小洞穴。

要是建了很多房子，小螃蟹就没地方住了。

就好像我们的家要是被别人占了，我们也会很伤心的。

而且呀，海边原来有很多美丽的贝壳，海水清澈的时候可以看到小鱼在珊瑚礁里游来游去。

要是建了太多房子，可能海水就会变脏，那些小鱼和贝壳就可能消失了。

有个老爷爷每天都会在海边散步，他就喜欢看小鱼和贝壳，要是这些都没了，老爷爷该多难过呀。

这个托福TPO69综合写作的范文就像是一个聪明的小伙伴，它会把自己的观点说得很清楚。

它不会用那些特别难的词，就像我们平时说话一样，简单又明白。

它会用这些生动的例子，就像刚刚说的小松鼠、小螃蟹、老爷爷的故事，让大家一下子就能理解它的想法。

我们看这样的范文的时候，就像是在听一个好朋友讲他的想法一样。

30分托福综合写作范文托福综合写作可是个挺有挑战性的事儿呢，不过咱要是能写出30分的范文，那可就超级厉害啦。

一、范文示例。

咱先来看一篇这样的范文内容哈。

在综合写作里，一般是先读一篇文章，然后听一段相关的讲座，最后要把文章和讲座里的观点综合起来写。

比如说有这么个话题，是关于城市里该不该建大型购物中心。

文章可能会说，不应该建大型购物中心。

理由是呢，会造成交通拥堵。

你想啊，那么大的购物中心，人来人往的，车也多，周围的道路肯定会被堵得死死的。

而且呢，还会对小商店有冲击。

那些小商店本来就靠着周边居民的生意活着呢，大型购物中心一来，里面啥都有，大家都去大商场了，小商店就没生意了，多可怜呀。

然后讲座里呢，可能就不同意文章的观点啦。

讲座可能会说，虽然会有交通拥堵的问题，但是可以通过合理规划来解决。

比如说建大型的地下停车场，这样车就不会都停在路上了。

而且还可以在购物中心周围多修几条辅路，方便车辆疏散。

对于小商店呢，讲座会说，其实大型购物中心的建立会带动周边经济发展。

因为会吸引更多的人来到这个区域，小商店可以转型做一些特色的、和大商场互补的生意。

比如说大商场卖大众品牌的衣服，小商店就可以卖一些手工制作的、独一无二的衣服，这样反而会有更多的顾客呢。

那我们的范文就可以这样写。

在这篇关于城市是否应建立大型购物中心的综合写作中，阅读文章和听力讲座有着截然不同的观点。

阅读文章坚决反对建立大型购物中心，给出的理由相当令人担忧。

一方面，交通拥堵问题确实不容忽视。

大型购物中心就像一个巨大的吸铁石，把人啊车啊都吸引过去，那道路肯定会变得像一锅乱粥似的，堵得水泄不通。

而那些小商店，就像柔弱的小树苗，在大型购物中心这棵大树的阴影下，很难生存。

大商场里琳琅满目的商品，会把原本属于小商店的顾客都抢走，小商店的老板们估计只能干瞪眼，看着自己的生意一天天衰败下去。

听力讲座却有着不同的看法。

它就像是一阵理性的清风，吹散了阅读文章带来的阴霾。

关于交通拥堵，讲座提出了切实可行的解决方案。

托福TPO26综合写作及材料原文托福TPO26综合写作范文及材料原文斑马贻贝，一种原产于东欧的淡水贝类，早已从原来的'栖息地传播出去，现在已到达北美洲的部分地区。

托福TPO26综合写作阅读材料认为控制不了斑马贻贝的蔓延。

对当地生物造成影响，听力材料反驳了这种观点。

下面是店铺分享的材料原文和参考范文，希望能对大家有所帮助!托福TPO26综合写作范文：Contrary to what is argued in the passage, the lecture illustrates how zebra mussels are not likely to become a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in North America.First and foremost, new knowledge of the zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion, even though people in the past have not been able to stop the spread of zebra mussels effectively. For instance, although a large amount of zebra mussels spread to North America by staying in the ballast water of a ship, people can now get rid of them before the ship gets to the shore – if the ballast water is emptied halfway of the journey and refreshed with sea water, the zebra mussels can be exterminated as soon as they get exposed to salt water.Furthermore, zebra mussels are not likely to dominate a new habitat for a long period of time. The lecture agrees that zebra mussels may have no predators and reproduce rapidly in the beginning, but it would not be long before predators notice this new source of food and therefore prevent its domination.Finally, zebra mussels would not cause the decline of overall fish population. While zebra mussels would most likely cause the decline of plankton eaters, as the passage suggests, they would also provide nutrients for bottom-feeding fish and eventuallycause the population of those fish to increase.托福TPO26综合写作阅读材料：The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America. There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in all of North America.First, the history of the zebra mussel's spread suggests that the invasion might be unstoppable. It is a prime example of an invasion made possible by human transportation. From the zebra mussel，s original habitats in Eastern Europe, ships helped spread it out along new canals built to connect Europe’s waterways. The mussel can attach itself to a ship’ s bottom or can survive in the water—called "ballast water"—that the ship needs to take on to properly balance its cargo. By the early nineteenth century, the mussel had spread to the whole of Europe. It was later carried to the east coast of North America in the ballast water of ships traveling from Europe. The way ships have spread the zebra mussel in the past strongly suggests that the species will soon colonize all of North America.Moreover, once zebra mussels are carried to a new habitat, they can dominate it. They are a hardy species that does well under a variety of conditions, and they have a high rate of reproduction. Most important, however, zebra mussels often have no predators in their new habitats, and species without natural predators are likely to dominate their habitats.Finally, zebra mussels are likely to cause a decline in the overall fish population in habitats where they become dominant. The mussels are plankton eaters, which means that they competefor food with many freshwater fish species.托福TPO26综合写作听力材料：Contrary to what you just read, there are ways to control the zebra mussel's spread. What's more, it is not so clear that the mussel is a serious threat to fish populations.True, the spread of zebra mussels couldn't be controlled in the past, but that's because people didn't have enough knowledge. In fact, there are effective ways to stop ships from carrying the mussels to new locations. Here's an example. The way zebra mussels usually travel across the ocean is that a ship takes on some fresh "ballast water" in Europe and then empties that water into American waterways when it arrives. Full of zebra mussels, but the ship can be required to empty out the freshwater and refill with ocean water while still out in the ocean. Salt water will kill the mussels.Second, it's true that zebra mussels often don't have predators in their new habitats, but that's only in the beginning. What's been happening in Europe is that local aquatic birds sooner or later notice there's a new food source around and change their habits to exploit it. They switch from whatever they were eating before to eating zebra mussels. And birds can eat a lot of mussels. So zebra mussels aren't so likely to dominate their new habitats after all.Finally, even in habitats where zebra mussels become dominant, is the overall fish population likely to decrease. It's true that zebra mussels may have a negative impact on fish that eat plankton. But on other fish, they can have a positive impact. For example, the mussels generate nutrients that are eaten by fish that feed near the bottom of the lake or river. So bottom-feeding fish populations may increase, even if plankton-eating fishpopulation decrease.【托福TPO26综合写作范文及材料原文】。

新托福写作范文第1篇Task：It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?.托福写作模板范文参考：We all crave knowledge, especially in this Age of Information, but what is the best source of knowledge? Are we to believe Albert Camus, who stated” The place we are to get knowledge is in books”? Or are we better served by following Albert Einstein's counsel that “The only source of knowledge is experience”? Although books have their place in one's learning, there is no substitute for experience; indeed, it is experience that is ultimately the most important source of knowledge.First, let us consider the knowledge needed to undertake a profession-for example, that of a physician. Knowledge gained from books provides the foundation of a doctor's training: study in a medical school begins with a near-overload of reading on anatomy, physiology and maladies both rare and common. However, during this time the medical student is also learning through experience, beginning with dissecting cadavers from almost the first day of medical school. Then, the aspiring physician must complete four years of residency, consisting of actual supervised experience at a hospital in which he or she now must put into practice all of the knowledge he or she has edge of dealing with patients, prescribing medication, and the joy and sadness of saving and losing patients; in other words, it is through experience that these residents finally learn what it means to be a doctor.What about knowledge other than professional expertise-for example, knowledge about another culture? In this realm as well, both books and real-life experience enrich and edify us. For example, Paris is perhaps the most talked-about and written-about city in the world. We could read Hemingway's A Moveable Feast, in which he describes the excitement and intellectual spirit-as well as the restaurants and plentiful red wine-of Paris in the 1920's. Or, we could travel to Paris and eat at bistros, walk across the Pont Neuf and look at the river Seine, visit the Louvre museum, and have adventures of our own. Clearly, most people would have attained more lasting and vivid knowledge by visiting Paris on their own rather than reading about it secondhand.In summary, experience, rather than books, is more central to our quest for learning, especially with regard to professional expertise. With regard to learning about another culture, experience is also irreplaceable. Yet not everyone in the world will have the health or financial resources to carry out a trip to Paris. But many people have access to a local library where they can borrow A Moveable Feast and, at no cost, read Hemingway's vibrant descriptions of Paris. We cannot forget the complementary and unique knowledge afforded by books, but experience is the most precious source of knowledge.新托福写作范文第2篇Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people saythat computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specificreasons and examples to support your answer.托福写作满分作文范文：Some universities require students to choose a variety of subjects; others only require students tospecialize in one subject. I deem the first one as the premier choice. Among countless factors,there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The main reason for my propensity that students should take classes in many subjects is that theycan make full use of the abundant resources that a university has to offer. A university has plentyof educational and research resources. It is a very good idea to make full use of these valuableassets while studying in the university. The best way to achieve this is to take a variety of subjectsas much as possible. Through learning these courses, a student can get access to knowledge andresources in different areas. On the contrary, if a student only specializes in one subject, he willnot have a chance to get access to other resources offered by the university.Another reason can be seen by every person is that by choosing many subjects students can broaden their knowledge and make a solid foundation for their future concentrated study. Whatever the student will concentrate on in his senior years in college, it is necessary that hechoose a wide range of subjects to build the knowledge foundation. Take the field of BusinessManagement for example, the student has to acquire knowledge in writing, accounting, economicsand human resource management before he can successfully start his major concentration argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because studentscan be more adaptable in their future career if they choose a variety of subjects during theiruniversity study. It is obvious that the development of modern society requires people with inter-disciplinary and comprehensive knowledge. If a student chooses a variety of subjects in hisuniversity study, and gained a breath and width of knowledge, he will be more adaptable to therequirement of the society, and be able to easily adjust to many kinds of jobs. This will benefit hisfuture career.In a word, taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that studentsshould take classes in many subjects in a university.新托福写作范文第3篇满分托福综合写作范文In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in the United Kingdom that has changed the whole field of Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all there areas discussed in the passage.First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, archaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating and documenting them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed.Second, an important part of the new guidelines is a rule that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government.The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is a whole new source of financial support. The funding from construction companies has allowed researchers to study a far greater range of archaeological sites than they could in the past.Last, the new guidelines provide a lot of paid work for archaeologists, work that didn’t exist before. Expert archaeologists are now hired at all stages of the process to examine the site for archaeological value, then to help draw up the preservation plan to do the research in a professional scientific manner and finally to process the date and write reports and articles. The increased job and career opportunities in Archaeology have increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain, which is now the highest it’s ever been.新托福写作范文第4篇Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group ledby a tour guide. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福写作满分作文范文：There are a lot of views whether the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Differentpeople has different viewpoint. In my opinion, a group led by a tour guide is the best way totravel. The argument for this view goes as follows:In the first place, there are many advantages when people travel in a group. First, people will notfeel boring in a long trip. People can talk, laugh and make joking like a big family. Second, thegroup will help you a lot when you have any emergency. The people in the group could help youfigure out the awkward situation that will be unimaginable when you travel alone. Third, with thegroup discount, such as the discount for airplane ticket, the hotel, and the admission ticket,travelers can save a lot of money when they use the group discount.In the second place, there are many advantages too when people travel led by a tour guide. Thetour guide will arrange all the details about the trip in advance. The traveler need not worry aboutwhere to find the hotel, where to rent the car, and how to find the direction. It will make the trip a little bit easy. Another advantage is that led by a tour guide will save much time than travelingalone. With the professional knowledge, tour guide will make the smartest schedule. I wouldnever forget that one of my friend, a city tour guide in the Shanghai, China, said that she can leadtraveler to visit the whole city by one day which people should spend two or three days to finishit.In conclusion, there are many advantages when people travels in a group led by a tour guide, suchas save money, save time, do not feel boring, and is easy to take care of. Therefore, I stronglyagree that the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.。

托福TPO51综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO51综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO51综合写作阅读原文文本：Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors. Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water - so called "elephant graveyards" - to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants. Representing Objects through Art Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them. Fear of Mice Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much moredangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.托福TPO51综合写作听力原文文本：Elephants are fascinating but the beliefs you just read about are based on misunderstandings of elephant behavior.First, we should not assume that old elephants are aware that they will die soon just because they break away from their herds. There is a very practical reason why old elephants leave their herds. You see, when elephants get old enough, their teeth become more down and they have difficulty chewing. So elderly elephants wander away from their herds to look for soft vegetation that’s easier to eat. Soft vegetation is usually found near water. That’s why many old elephants graze near water and eventually die there, an area we’ve come to call “elephant graveyards”.Second, the issue of whether elephants have artistic ability. If you want elephants tra ined to paint, you’ll notice that human trainers stroking the elephants’ears whenever the elephant moves the paintbrush. Elephant ears are very sensitive and touching them in certain ways can be used to train the elephants to do tricks. The trainer teaches the elephant to remember certain patterns of paintbrush strokes and then encourages the elephant to repeat the brushstrokes by touching its ears. So an elephant using a paintbrush is just painting lines it’s been trained to paint. It doesn’t necessarily know that the lines are supposed to represent flowers or animals.Third, Pliny the Elder and others are misinterpreting thereaction of elephants to mice. Elephants that react fearfully to mice aren’t reacting to the mice themselves but to the fact that mice are unfamiliar to them. Being cautious about unfamiliar animals is a natural instinct. But elephants that live in environments where mice are common, like elephants in zoos don’t react with fear to the mice. Clearly, once elephants become familiar with mice and realize that they don’t pose a threat, they don’t mind them.托福TPO51综合写作满分范文：In the reading, the article introduces three surprising beliefs about elephant behaviors. However, in the listening, the professor gives out three reasons why these beli efs can’t stand. First, the reading says that elephants are aware of approaching death. Nevertheless, the listening points out that the true reason why an elephant may break away from the herd is that their teeth become worn out and the animal has to seek for softer plants as their food resources. Therefore, they would get close to the water where soft plants usually occur and finally die there. Second, the reading asserts that elephants have artistic ability and know how to represent objects through art. However, the listening again rejects this statement. According to the lecture, in order to train elephants to paint, the painters will stroke elephant’s ears and help them to memorize certain patterns of paintbrush strokes. In this way, elephant would harness the capacity to draw lines that they are taught to paint. But the thing is that they are just programmed to draw these lines and don’t have any idea of what these lines represent. Third, the reading says that the elephants have a fear of mice. But the listening also disputes this because it supposes the reason why elephants try to avoid mice is that mice are unfamiliar to them not that they are afraid ofthem. Those elephants living in the zoo don’t show any fright of mice because mice are always around them and they get used to these small creatures very much. In another word, once elephants are accustomed to mice, they wouldn’t mind if they are around or not. In a nutshell, by giving all these three reasons, the listening successfully goes against the reading article.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO51综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

Sample 0The lecturer and the author of the article both agree that honesty is a virtue. They differ in opinion when it comes to the importance of that virtue in the grand scheme of things. The article claims that honesty must be maintained in every situation. The lecturer makes the counter argument that there are situations in which secrecy or even dishonesty are necessary for the greater good.First of all, while the article argues that “full disclosure” is the best operating principal, the lecturer gives several examples for why that is not the case. Governments cannot always be honest with their citizen and still protect their safety. Also, sometimes new friends should wait until they get to know each other before discussing their opinions on contentious issues.Secondly, the article’s author also makes the claim that lies are never acceptable, and that they can never be forgiven. The lecturer provides an example of a good time to lie. When a person’s feelings are at stake, as in the case of an insecure girlfriend or boyfriend, lying is often the nicest thing to do. In these cases, the lecturer argues, a lie will be more easily forgiven than cruel honesty.While neither party believes that honesty is unimportant, the lecturer contends that sometimes there are other issues at hand. Sometimes the ends justify the means.Sample 1The lecturer and the writer disagree on the merits of online education. The write believes that online education is detrimental; stating that organizational issues, lack of social interaction and limited oversight will lead to a less robust education. The lecturer feels that online education is a positive revolution which will improve regulation of student progress, enhance online communication skills, and more efficiently monitor cheating.The author believes that online course organization will differ greatly from traditional education. This will lead to problems in evaluation such as efficiently monitoring student progress, graduation rates, and student satisfaction among others. The lecturer counters this idea by claiming online courses actually provide more clear and defined tools to evaluate student progress and class engagement. The lecturer proceeds to attack another of the writer’s claims that online education limits in-person socialinteraction. Instead the lecturer believes online courses enhances the web savvy of students and encourages more modern forms of communication such as email and message boards.Lastly the writer claims that online courses allow for more dishonesty and cheating amongst students due to the inability to oversee homework and test. The lecturer disagrees and states that the internet actually controls cheaters by monitoring work environments more closely and forcing students to be more accountable. Overall the lecturer feels that online education provides many benefits to traditional education.Sample 2The lecturer and author disagree on the credibility of explorer Robert Peary’s expedition to the North Pole in 1909. The author claims that Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole based on verification of historical evidence provided by outside parties. The lecture sets out to discredit these institutions and paint Peary as a fame hungry liar.The author argues that the National Geographic Society checked the evidence of Peary’s journey and concluded that his claims were true. The lecturer attempts to discredit this conclusion by attacking the credibility of the society, claiming that they consisted of Peary’s supporters who had a vested interest in verifying the expedition. Though the author discusses photographic evidence of the expedition, the lecturer goes further in stating that Peary’s original photographs were never released for independent verification. In addition he attacks the low quality of the faded photos and the loss of the original camera in attributing to unverifiable claims.The author cites that in 2005 explorer Tom Avery took the same route as Peary using similar equipment in roughly the same amount of time. The lecturer argues that Avery took a much shorter route than Peary and had more favorable weather conditions. Overall the lecturer attack the credibility of the writer’s sources in order to disprove that Peary was the first man to the North Pole.Sample 3The author and lecturer disagree on the origin of Native American peoples, though both note that Native Americans believe they have always been in the Americas. The author uses archeological evidence in support of a European migration to America. The lecturer attempts to disprove the author by citing various logical fallacies and problems in the author’s arguments.The writer uses archeological evidence to support his claims. For example the author cites that spearheads excavated in the Americas resemble those of ancient European, rather than Asian, civilization. The lecturer attempts to discredit this by arguing that the similarity in appearance is a result of similar sized animals in the Americas and in Europe, rather than a common ancestry. Going further, the lecturer claims that the 13,000 years old skull found near Mexico City, despite its similarities with European skulls, is one small piece of evidence that is insufficient in supporting the author’s larger assumptions.Lastly the lecturer discredits the writer’s theo ry that sea migration occurred during ancient times, when Europe and America were geographically closer. Seafaring during that time had not yet been developed as evidenced by a lack of objects such as fishing nets. Therefore, the lecturer concludes that it would be impossible for Native Americans to have come from Europe. Instead the lecturer believes that a migration from Asia is more likely.Sample 4The author and lecturer agree that animals enjoy playing but disagree on why animals play. The author attempts to reason that animals like playing because it helps release excess energy, improve survival skills, and acts as a form of socialization. The lecturer does not provide his own opinion, but simply seeks to rebuff the author’s conclusions.The author claims that animals play in order to release excess energy and stay healthy. The lecturer states that animals do not play simply to release energy, citing that when animals wait for their mothers to take care of them, they have little energy yet they still play. The lecturer believes that this proves there is no correlation between play and energy level. The author makes another claim that playing helps animals improve survival skills by mimicking activities such as hunting and fighting. The lecturer discredits this by referring to an example in which two groups of cats,one that plays and the other that doesn’t, elicited the same skill level when hunting.Lastly the lecturer attacks the writer’s argument that animals play in order to make friends and socialize. The lecturer states that socializing occurs in animals in many ways, not just through play. Mice for example continue to socialize long after they pass the age of playing. The lecturer discredits the author’s evidence for why animals play.Sample 5The author and lecturer are debating about the privatization of government functions. The writer believes that privatization is beneficial because of increased funds, improved facilities, and new technology. The lecturer disagrees, stating that privatization will actually lead to higher costs, weaker infrastructure, and less investment in technology.The writer claims that the initial public sale and ongoing taxes paid by new private companies will raise money for the government. In addition it will streamline bureaucracy related to government companies and eventually pass these savings down to taxpayers. The lecturer attacks this by claiming that in the long term, profit-driven companies will have little incentive to keep prices low unless the government places limits on them. The lecturer also argues against the writer’s claim that privatization will lead to better facilities because of a desire to maintain reputation and avoid lawsuits. Instead, the lecturer states, because private companies cannot guarantee future contracts, infrastructure will suffer due to a focus on short term profits.Lastly the lecturer rails against privatization by claiming it will give a monopoly to certain companies. Instead of acting in the public’s interest, which is the writer’s claims, the companies will be beholden to the Board of Directors. This will keep them from making investments in technology and new services. Overall the lecturer argues against privatization because of its potential long term problems.Sample 6The author and lecturer argue the credibility of various explanations for the cause of the Little Ice Age starting in 1250 AD. The writer claims that the ice age was caused by melting icecaps, volcanic activity, andrepercussions from the Black Death. The lecturer focuses on the writer’s arguments and attacks their feasibility.The author states that melting glaciers prior to the ice age caused an influx of cold water into the global water circulation system, drastically dropping temperatures. The lecturer counters this argument by stating that the melting only occurred in Europe and North America, but that distant place such as New Zealand also had changes in temperature. The lecturer believes this confirms the melting was a local phenomenon and not a global one. Th e lecturer goes on to attack the writer’s claim that volcanic dust caused from increased activity during that time caused the ice age. The lecturer argues that this kind of temperature fluctuation could only result from worldwide eruptions which would leave significant records, of which there are none.Lastly the author claims that the Black Death killed many farmers, eventually turning farmland into forest, reducing carbon dioxide and reversing global warming. The lecturer believes this argument is impossible since the transfer of farmland to forest happens at a slow pace and could not justify such a marked fluctuation.Sample 7The writer and lecturer disagree on the repercussions of controlled burning in forestry management. The writer believes controlled burning has a negative impact because it harms wildlife, emits excess carbon dioxide, and wastes resources. The lecturer counters these arguments noting that wildlife is not harmed, carbon dioxide emissions are limited, and that controlled burning actually saves resources in the long run.The writer believes that burning kills wildlife, especially babies and weak animals that cannot flee the burn area. The lecturer does not agree, claiming that biologists are consulted beforehand to limit the impact on wildlife and save many animals, such as migrating birds. Secondly the writer argues that fires will increase carbon dioxide which will make it difficult for animals and humans to later return to burned areas. The lecturer argues that this is not true because many animals in the forest help accelerate the removal of carbon dioxide and quickly restore air quality to the region.Lastly the author makes the case that controlled burning wastes economic resources because it requires renting equipment and hiring laborers on a temporary basis. The lecturer makes the case that natural fires cause more damage and wastes more resources because they are unpredictable. As aresult controlled burning actually is a more efficient way to save money and use resources.Sample 8The writer and lecturer disagree on the underlying reasons that caused the demise of the Mayan civilization. The writer believes that a two hundred year drought in the 9th and 10th centuries is the best explanation due to scientific evidence, the coincidental end of the Mayan writing system and related incidents in the Amazon during that time. The lecturer disagrees and argues that drought was a common problem and that a civil war could be a better explanation for the Mayan descent.The writer believes that a drought during that time caused deforestation, soil erosion, and higher temperatures eventually making Mayan life unsustainable. The lecturer attacks this idea by noting that drought often take place throughout Mayan history, occurring approximately every two hundred years. The writer also claims that the demise of the Mayan writing system coincides with the drought and thereby supports the drought theory. The lecturer does not directly address this but instead goes on to consider that a civil war could be a better explanation due to hieroglyphic evidence that was left behind by the losing survivors.Lastly the lecturer argues that it is foolish to find correlation in the demise of the Mayan and Amazon civilization, which the writer attempts to do. The lecturer explains that the Mayans had better water storage system and better preventative measures for drought.Sample 9The lecturer and writer of the article disagree on the importance of sleep. The writer believes sleep serves a critical part in improving memory, renewing energy, and expelling negative substances. The lecturer believes the importance of sleep is exaggerated and uses examples to scrutinize the writer’s arguments.The writer believes sleep is important in helping consolidate memories, stating that a good sleep improves memory and performance the following day. The lecturer counters this argument by claiming that only a base level of sleep is necessary to memorize information, and in fact too much sleep can be detrimental because it causes drowsiness. The writer makes another claim that sleep replenishes energy through reducedsensory inputs and calorie intake. The lecturer disagrees and argues that medicine, caffeine, and energy drinks are more effective and practicalthan sleeping.Lastly the writer states that enzymes use sleeping periods to repair damaged brain cells and expel bad substances which accrue during highmetabolic activity while people are awake. The lecturer rails against this argument because its conclusions are based on studies of those withabnormal sleep deprivation. Therefore there can be no conclusion drawn for healthy normal individuals about the merits of sleep. The lecturerconcludes that though sleep is necessary, its merits are vastly overblown and unfounded.Sample 10The writer and lecturer disagree on the merits of music education inpublic schools. The writer feels that music education should be the parents’ responsibility, claiming it wastes important study time andtaxpayer money. The lecture feels music education is important because it leads to success in other areas, is a worthwhile expense, and encourages lifelong appreciation of music.The writer believes music education is a luxury and should be supportedprivately by parents and families. Time in elementary schools should be dedicated towards the study of more useful subjects such as math and reading. The lecturer disagrees, stating that music education is very beneficial and helps develop a child’s memory and concentration, thereby impacting reading and mathematical skills.The writer also claims that music education is a waste of money because it would better serve schools to spend funds on more critical things, such as building infrastructure and facilities. In addition the writer feels the investment isn’t worthwhile because many students will not become professional musicians. The lecturer disagrees by citing the cost effectiveness of buying instruments which can be used by many students over many years, rather than having one parent buy an instrument for one child. Lastly the lecturer argues that music education has long term benefits of increased creativity, lower drop out rates, and a lifelong interest in learning.。