定语从句
♦英语谚语欣赏
1. He who knows nothing but prete nds to know everyth ing is in deed a good-for -noth ing.
不懂装懂，一事无成.
2. It' s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下
3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
I .概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词
(an tecede nt)后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语)
常用的关系代词: that、which 、who、whom 、whose、as 常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) : when、why、where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语) ；第三选择合适的关系词。
n.几个关系代词的基本用法：
•that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；
指物时，相当于which)( 一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：
1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. ( 主语)
2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)
4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before. (表语)
7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.
= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.
= Our hometown is different from what it used to be 。
= Our hometown is not what it used to be.
•which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father. (主语)
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. (宾语)
3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.
4. He was proud, which his brother never was. (表语)
5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. (定语)
6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
•who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）
All who heard the story were amazed.（代词女口he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用who.）Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）He's a man from whom we should learn.
= He's a man （whom/who/that） we should learn from.
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）
I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）
=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.
=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come
1. 关系代词whose，引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物，在从句中只能作定语；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有时whose 可以与of whom 和of which 互换使用。如：The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。
The house whose doors are green is an office building. 门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。
2. “介词+ whose +名词” 引导定语从句。如：
I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我爱我的祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。
3. 在下列情况下，一般只用of whom 和of which 。
（1）定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much 等时，一般只用of whom 和of which。In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don 房间里有很多:人，彳艮多人我不认识。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事书，有几本故事书我还从未看过。
（2）定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom 和of which 。如：
The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。
⑶定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我们班有五十个学生，所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。
He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得好。
（4）在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom 和of which 。如：
He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个。There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one. 亚洲有艮多国家，中国是最大的一个。
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放
