概要写作（Summary Writing）
一、概要写作的定义（Definition of Summary）
A summary is a brief statement of the main point
of a longer composition, which
reproduces the theme of the original with no more than 60 words.
二、写作指导
概要写作，是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题，主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。
第一步：阅读
A．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
C．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作
A. 概要写作应尽量用自己的话完成，不要直接引用原文的句子；
B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序，这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实；
C.要全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意；
D. 写概要写作时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节，只保留主要观点；
2) 选择一至两个例子：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子；
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子：如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复：在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明，但是这在概要写作中是不能使用的；应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长句：
如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”
可以概括为：________________________________________________________________
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his credito r.”
可以概括为：________________________________________________________________
6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句：
请看下面的例子：
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
可以概括为： ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括为： ________________________________________________________________
8）使用最短的连接词: 比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在概要写作中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: “You use too much salt on your food, Paul —it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked wi thout salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul.
She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.
It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises
（掩饰） the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle（微
