中医名词术语标准参考
舌诊
舌诊：tongue diagnosis
望舌：inspection of tongue
舌象：tongue manifestation
舌尖：tip of the tongue
舌边：margins of the tongue
舌中；舌心：center of the tongue
舌根；舌本：root of the tongue
舌体；舌质：tongue body
舌色：tongue color
荣枯老嫩：luxuriant/ flourishing, withered, tough and tender 淡白舌：whitish tongue
淡红舌：reddish tongue
红舌：red tongue
青舌：blue tongue
紫舌：purple tongue
青紫色：bluish purple tongue
绛舌：crimson tongue
胖大舌：enlarged tongue
肿胀舌：wollen tongue
瘦薄舌：thin tongue
点刺舌：spotted tongue
芒刺舌：prickly tongue
齿痕舌：teeth-marked tongue
裂纹舌：fissured tongue
光剥舌：peeled tongue
镜面舌：mirror tongue
地图舌：geographical tongue
舌衄：spontaneous bleeding of the tongue
强硬舌：stiff tongue
萎软舌：limp wilting tongue
颤动舌：trembling tongue
歪斜舌：deviated tongue
短缩舌：contracted tongue
吐弄舌：protruded agitated tongue
舌卷：curled tongue
苔色：coating color
苔质：texture of coating
白苔：white coating
白砂苔：white sandy coating
黄苔：yellow coating
黑苔：black coating
灰苔：gray coating
绿苔：green coating
薄苔：thin coating
厚苔：thick coating
润苔：moist coating
燥苔：dry coating
燥裂苔：dry and cracked coating
滑苔：slippery coating
腻苔：greasy（世中联）/slimy coating
腐苔：curdy coating
染苔：stained coating
脉诊
浮脉类（轻取即得）
浮（举之有余，按之不足）floating pulse; superficial pulse
洪（脉体阔大，充实有力，来盛去衰）surging pulse；full and over-flowing pulse
濡（浮细无力而软）soggy pulse
散（浮取散漫而无根，伴至数或脉力不匀）scattered pulse
芤（浮大中空，如按葱管）hollow pulse; empty pulse
革（浮而搏指，中空边坚）tympanic pulse; drumskin pulse
沉脉类（重按始得）
沉（轻取不应，重按始得）sunken pulse；deep pulse
伏（重按推至筋骨始得）hidden pulse
弱（沉细无力而软）weak pulse; feeble pulse；
牢（沉按实大弦长）firm pulse; hard
迟脉类（一息不足四至）
迟（一息不足四至）slow pulse; tardy pulse
缓（一息四至，脉来怠缓）moderate pulse; relaxed pulse
涩（往来艰涩，迟滞不畅）unsmooth pulse；uneven pulse
结（迟而时一至，止无定数）knotted pulse; bound pulse（irregular intermittent pulse）数脉类（一息五至以上）
数（一息五至以上，不足七至）rapid pulse；quick pulse
疾（脉来急疾，一息七八至）racing pulse; swift pulse
促（数而时一止，止无定数）irregular-rapid pulse; skipping pulse（rapid irregular intermittent pulse）
动（脉短如豆，滑数有力）stirred pulse
虚类脉（应指无力）
虚（举按无力，应指松软）weak pulse（asthenia pulse）
细（脉细如线，应指明显）thin pulse；thready pulse；
微（极细极软，似有似无）faint pulse
代（迟而中止，止有定数）regularly intermittent pulse
短（首尾俱短，不及本部）short pulse
实脉类（应指有力）
实（举按充实有力）excess pulse
滑（往来流利，应指圆滑）slippery pulse
弦（端直以长，如按琴弦）string-like pulse; wiry pulse; taut pulse
紧（绷急弹指，状如转索）tight pulse；tense pulse
长（首尾端直，超过本位）long pulse
大（脉体宽大，无汹涌之势）large pulse
真脏脉true visceral pulse
雀啄脉 sparrow（bird）-pecking pulse
釜沸脉 seething cauldron pulse; bubble-rising pulse（世中联）
鱼翔脉fish-waving pulse; fish-swimming pulse
虾游脉 shrimp-darting pulse
屋漏脉 roof-leaking pulse
解索脉 rope-untwining pulse
弹石脉 stone-flicking pulse
偃刀脉 knife-upturned pulse
转豆脉 bean-spinning pulse
麻促脉 confused skipping pulse
离经脉 abnormally rapid or slow pulse
治则
治则：therapeutic principle/
治本：treat the root
治标：treat the tip
正治法：routine treatment
寒者热之：treat cold with heat
热者寒之：treat heat with cold
虚则补之：treat deficiency by tonification
实则泻之：treat excess by purgation
反治法：paradoxical/contrary treatment
寒因寒用：treat cold with cold
热因热用：treat heat with heat
痛因通用：treating the unstopped by unstopping(WHO); treating diarrhea with purgatives
塞因塞用：treating the stopped by stopping(WHO); treating obstructive diseases by tonification(《汉英医学大辞典》)
扶正祛邪：reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors
攻补兼施：treat with both elimination and reinforcement
误治：erroneous treatment
异病同治：treating different diseases with the same method
同病异治：treating the same disease with different methods
先急后缓(急则治其标，缓则治其本)：treating the acute before the chronic(WHO)；the acute condition should be treated prior to the chronic condition
先表后里：treating the exterior before the interior
加减方：modified formula
合方：combined formula
治法
治法method of treatment; therapeutic method
八法：eight (therapeutic) methods (diaphoresis, emesis, purgation, mediation, warming, clearing, tonification and resolution )
汗法：promoting sweating; diaphoresis
解表：release the exterior
发汗解表：promoting sweating to release the exterior
辛温解表：release the exterior with pungent-warm(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and worm herbs
辛凉解表：release the exterior with pungent-cold(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and cold herbs
解肌：release the flesh
透表：outthrust through the exterior(WHO)；expelling pathogen through exterior 透疹：outthrust rashes
祛风：dispel wind
疏风：disperse wind
散寒：dissipate cold
疏风泄热：disperse wind and discharge heat
疏散风热：disperse wind-heat
疏表润燥：disperse from the exterior and moisten dryness
扶正解表：reinforce the healthy qi and release the exterior
宣肺: diffuse the lung(WHO)；ventilating the lung(世中联) 西化
宣肺止咳平喘：diffuse the lung to suppress cough and to calm panting；ventilating the lung and relieving cough and dyspnea
宣肺化痰：diffuse the lung to resolve phlegm(WHO)；ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm
通（鼻）窍：relieve the throat
利咽：soothe the throat
泻火：purge fire；reduce fire
泻心（肺、肝）：purge the heart (lung, liver)
清肝泻火：clearing the liver to reduce fire(《汉英中医药学词典》)
清法：clearing method
清热：clear heat
清气泄热：clearing heat from qi aspect
清气凉营；气营两清：clear the qi aspect and cool the nutrient aspect
清营凉血：clear the nutrient aspect and cool the blood aspect
清营透疹：clear the nutrient aspect and promote eruption
清热凉血；凉血：clear heat to cool the blood
透营转气；透热转气：expel from the nutrient aspect through the qi aspect
清热生津：clear heat and engender fluid
清心（肝、胃、肺）火：clear heart (liver, stomach, lung) fire
清热利湿：clear heat and drain dampness
清暑热：clear summerheat
清暑益气：clear summerheat and boost(replenish) qi
解暑：release summerheat
泄热救津：discharge heat to preserve fluid
轻清宣化：clear and disperse with lightness
苦寒泻火：discharge fire with bitter-cold
苦寒清热：clear heat with bitter-cold
降火：reducing fire
解毒：detoxify; removing toxin(世中联)
除疳热：relieve (infantile) malnutrition fever; relieve fever in infantile malnutrition
下法：purgation
寒下：cold purgation
泻下泄热: discharging heat by purgation
温下：warm purgation
峻下；急下：drastic purgation
轻下；缓攻：mild purgation
润下：moistening purgation(世中联)
润肠：moisten the intestine
通便：relax the bowel; promoting defecation; easing defecation; easing bowel movement
泻下软坚：soften hardness with purgation
泻下攻积：remove accumulation with purgation
釜底抽薪：take away firewood from under cauldron
温下寒积：remove cold accumulation with warm purgation
泻下逐水；攻逐水饮：expel retained fluid by purgation
增液润下；增液润肠：increasing humor to relax bowels; increasing body fluid to lubricate bowels( induce bowel movement)
和法：harmonize method
调和气血：harmonize qi and blood
调和营卫：harmonize the nutrient and defense
理气：regulate qi
行气：move/activate qi
行气止痛：activate qi to stop pain
行气消胀：activate qi to relieve flatulence
理中：regulate the middle
和胃：harmonize the stomach
调和脾胃（肝胃、肝脾）：harmonize the spleen and stomach()
和解表里：harmonize the exterior and interior
和解少阳：harmonize the shao yang
表里双解：release both exterior and interior
交通心肾：coordinate the heart and kidney; harmonize the heart and kidney
祛湿：dispel dampness
清热除湿：clear heat and eliminate dampness
清肝除湿：purge the liver and dispel dampness
散寒祛湿：dissipate cold and dispel dampness
化湿：resolve dampness
清热化湿：clear heat and resolve dampness
祛暑化湿：dispel summerheat and resolve dampness
醒脾化湿：enliven/ invigorating the spleen and resolve dampness
芳香化湿：resolve dampness with aroma
芳香化浊：resolve turbidity with aroma
芳香辟秽：dispel filth with aroma
燥湿：dry dampness
苦温燥湿：dry dampness with bitter-warm
清热燥湿：clear heat and dry dampness
燥湿健脾：dry dampness to fortify the spleen；drying dampness and invigorate spleen 利湿：drain dampness
利水渗湿：induce diuresis to drain dampness(WHO)；promoting urination and draining dampness(世中联)
淡渗利湿：draining dampness and with bland
利水消肿：induce diuresis to alleviate edema
分消上下；分消走泄：separate elimination from upper and lower; respectively expelling…
化饮：resolve retained fluid
祛痰：dispel ;phlegm
化痰：resolve phlegm
燥湿化痰：dry dampness to resolve phlegm
清化热痰：clear and resolve heat-phlegm
温化寒痰：warm and resolve cold-phlegm
温肺化痰：warm the lung and resolve phlegm
温肺化饮：warm the lung and resolve fluid retention
熄风化痰：extinguish wind and resolve phlegm
祛风痰：dispel wind-phlegm
润燥化痰：moisten dryness to resolve phlegm
降气化痰；下气消痰：direct qi downward to resolve phlegm(WHO)；descending qi and resolving phlegm; lowering qi and eliminating phlegm(世中联)
降逆止咳平喘：descending counterflow of qi, relieving cough and dyspnea (stop cough and calm dyspnea )
纳气平喘：promote qi absorption to calm panting
消痰软坚：eliminate/disperse phlegm and soften hardness
软坚化痰：soften hardness and resolve phlegm
清燥润肺：clear dryness to moisten the lung
润肺止咳：moisten the lung to suppress/stop cough
敛肺止咳：constrain the lung to suppress cough
泻肺平喘：
温法：warming method
温补：warm tonification
温里散寒；温里祛寒：warm the interior to dissipate cold
温里：warm the interior
温脾/胃/肺：warm the spleen/ stomach/lung
温中：warm the middle
温中散寒；温中祛寒：warm the middle and dissipate cold
温中和胃：warm the middle to harmonize the stomach
温中止呕：warm the middle to check vomiting
温肺散寒：warm the lung and dissipate cold
温肾；温肾阳：warm the lung
温阳：warm yang
温阳行水：warm yang to move water
暖宫：warm the uterus
温经：warm the meridian
温经止痛：warm the meridian to relieve pain
温经散寒：warm the meridian to dissipate cold
温经回阳；温经扶阳：warm the meridian to restore yang
回阳救逆；回阳：restore yang to save from collapse
温经行滞：warm the meridian to move stagnation
温经养血：warm the meridian to nourish blood
宣痹通阳：diffuse impediment and free yang
行气宽中：move qi to soothe the middle
行气止痛：move qi to relieve pain
行气宽胸：move qi to soothe the chest
理气健脾：regulate qi and fortify the spleen
疏肝理气：soothe the liver and regulate qi
疏肝养血：soothe the liver and nourish blood
疏肝泻火：soothe the liver and purge fire
疏肝健脾：soothe the liver and fortify spleen
疏肝理脾：soothe the liver and regulate spleen
疏肝和胃：soothe the liver and harmonize stomach
疏风：eliminate/ dispel/disperse wind
降逆下气；降气；下气：direct qi downward
降气止呃；降逆止呃：direct(WHO) / descend (世中联)qi downward to relieve hiccup 破气：break qi
凉血止血：cool the blood and stop bleeding
凉血散瘀：cool the blood and dissipate stasis
固冲止血：strengthen thoroughfare vessel to stop bleeding
活血：activate blood
活血止痛：activate blood to relieve pain
活血化瘀：activate blood and resolve stasis
活血行气：activate blood and move qi
活血调经：activate blood to regulate menstruation
调经：regulate menstruation
通经：dredge(世中联)/unblock(WHO) the meridian
散瘀：dissipate (blood) stasis
破血逐瘀;破瘀；逐瘀：break blood and expel stasis
舒筋活络：relax sinews and activate collaterals
通络：dredge the collaterals
疏风通络：dispel wind to free the collateral vessels
潜阳：subdue yang
平肝潜阳：pacify the liver to subdue yang
熄风：extinguish wind
熄风止痉；熄风解痉：extinguish wind to arrest/stop (世中联) convulsions 凉肝熄风：cool the liver to/and extinguish wind
滋阴熄风：nourish yin to/and extinguish wind
清热熄风：clear heat to/and extinguish wind
镇肝熄风：calm the liver to/and extinguish wind
补法：tonifying method
补气；益气：tonify qi
大补元气：greatly tonify the original qi
补气壮阳：tonify qi and invigorate yang
补气生血：tonify qi and produce blood
补益气血：tonify qi and replenish blood
升提中气；升举中气：upraise/elevate the middle qi
升阳：upraise/elevate yang
补阳：tonify yang
壮阳：invigorate yang
温补命门：warm and tonify the life gate
补益中气：tonify and replenish the middle qi
补血；养血：tonify blood
补养心血：tonify and nourish heart blood
养心：tonify the heart; cultivate the mind
补脾：tonify the spleen
健脾：fortify (WHO)/invigorate (世中联)/ strengthen the spleen
健脾益气：fortify the spleen and replenish qi
健脾养血：fortify the spleen and nourish blood
健脾扶阳：fortify the spleen and support yang
健脾利湿：fortify the spleen and drain dampness
健脾豁痰：fortify the spleen to sweep phlegm
健胃：invigorate the stomach
开胃：increase the appetite