小学英语语法_四大时态知识讲解

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四大时态复习

1. 一般现在时

(1)一般现在时的构成(肯定句)

☆be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

☆行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。

☆当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。

如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。

(2)一般现在时的变化

☆. be动词的变化。

[否定句]:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

[一般疑问句]:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

[特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

☆.行为动词的变化。

[否定句]:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.

[一般疑问句]:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

[特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

*动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

2.现在进行时

(1)一般现在时的构成:be(am,is, are)+ 动词的ing形式。如:I am reading. 我正在读书(2)现在进行时的否定句在be后加not,即be(am,is, are) + not + 动词的ing形式。

如:She is not doing her homework now. 她现在没有做作业。

(3)现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首,即Be(am,is, are) + 人+ 动词ing形式。

如:Are you drinking milk now? 你现在在喝牛奶吗?

(4)现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+ be + 人+ 动词ing?

如:Where are you going? 你现在去哪?

但who当主语时其结构为:Who + be + 动词ing?

如:Who is talking to you? 谁在和你说话?

*动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

3.一般将来时

(1)一般将来时基本结构:①be going to + do(动词原形);②will+ do(动词原形). (2)[否定句]:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

结构为:be(am, is, are) + not + 动词原形will not + 动词原形(will not = won’t) 例如:①I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.

→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

②I will go shopping this weekend.

→I will not go shopping this weekend.= I won’t go shopping this weekend.

(3)[一般疑问句]:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

例如:①We are going to go on an outing this weekend.

→Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

②I will play football tomorrow afternoon.

→Will you play football tomorrow afternoon?

(4)[特殊疑问句]

①问人用Who

例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

②问干什么用What …do.

例如:My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.

→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

③问什么时候用When.

例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

4.一般过去时

(1).[肯定句] be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

☆am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

☆are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

行为动词在一般过去时的句子中要变成过去式(一般是在句子后面加ed)

(2)[否定句]:be动词变成was not(wasn’t) 或were not (weren’t)

如:He wasn’t a teacher two years ago.

didn’t +动词原形

如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

(3)[一般疑问句]

有be动词的一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

如:Were you a teacher two years ago?

句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子,在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

(4)[特殊疑问句]:①疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?

如:What did Jim do yesterday?

②疑问词是who时:疑问词+动词过去式?

如:Who went to home yesterday?

* 动词过去式变化规则:

☆.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

☆.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

☆.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped