完整word版,医学影像学简答题(全)

医学影像学简答题1（Medical imaging simplified answer 1）3. Short answergeneral1. Brief description of medical X-ray characteristicsThe X ray is an electromagnetic wave with penetration; Fluorescence effect; Photographic effects and biological effects. Its penetration is related to material density, thickness and wavelength of X ray, and fluorescence effect is the basis of fluoroscopy. Photographic effect is the basis of X-ray photography; The ionization effect, which involves changes in human biology, is the basis of radiological protection and radiotherapy.2. The basic principle of X-ray imaging is describedOn the one hand, it is based on the penetration of the X ray, the fluorescence effect and the photographic effect, and on the other hand, the difference between the density and thickness of the body tissue. When the X rays penetrate various tissues of the human body, it is absorbed in different degrees so that there is a difference in the amount of X on the screen or in the X-ray. This allows for contrast between the black and white contrast on the screen or in the X-ray.Bones, joint systems1. The X-ray performance of acute and chronic suppurative osteomyelitisThe suppurative osteomyelitis is caused by staphylococcus aureus in the bone marrow, good hair in children and juvenile, long backbone epiphysis good hair. The early (2 weeks) may have the following soft tissue changes: 1. Two, subcutaneous tissue and muscle intersections blurred, bone may not have obvious change. Bone changes were seen after 2 weeks. The localized osteoporosis was started in the epiphyseal cancellous bone. Subsequently, most dispersed irregular form of bone destruction. Edge blur. In the future, the bone destruction area may merge into a large area of destruction. And gradually extend to the backbone. Can be accompanied by pathological fracture. Osteocortical destruction can form the subperiosteum abscess and stimulate the periosteum to cause periosteal hyperplasia. The new bone with low density is parallel to the backbone. Later, as the course of illness extended. The new osteogenesis is obvious and can form the shell. Osteonecrosis is caused by the emergence of periosteum and thrombotic arteritis. The X-ray shows the dead bone formed along the axis of the bone, which is very dense. If the lesion is close to the joint, the abscess can destroy the bone cortex of the dry epiphysis and enter the joint synovial card. Cause suppurative arthritis. The X line is the swelling of the joint capsule. The gap in the joint is widened early and even dislocated. Late narrowing. Osteopenia. When acute suppurative osteomyelitis is not treated promptly and adequately. It can be transformed into chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. The X-ray showed a large number of osteogenic hyperplasia, thickening of periosteum and fusion with cortex, which was stratified or lacy, thickening of the bony cortex, and narrowing of the medullary cavity. The backbone thickened. Irregular appearance, if not recovered,can still be seen bone destruction and dead bone.2. Describe the X - ray performance of the spine tuberculosisIt is the most common person of bone and joint tuberculosis. Good for children and young people. With lumbar multiple hair. The X - line performance is mainly osteoporosis and cancellous bone fracture. The attachment is less cumulative. Vertebral bodies often collapse due to bone damage, flattening or wedges. When the lesion is involved in the vertebral body, the lower margin of the bone. The rupture of the intervertebral cartilage plate is caused by the use of the broken cortex. When the intervertebral disc is invaded, the intervertebral space is narrowed. Even disappearing, the adjacent vertebral bodies are embedded and fused. At the same time, the lesion can produce a large number of caseous necrosis material in the destruction of bone, and the cold abscess is formed in the soft tissues around the spinal column.The X line is characterized by the presence of a fusiform soft shadow on both sides of the vertebral body, known as a lateral abscess. In addition, due to pathological fracture. The lateral spine of the spine can be seen to change the curvature of the spine. The post-emergence deformity.3. Test the X-ray performance of vitamin D deficiency ricketsBecause vitamin D is not a cause of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, osteoid tissue in bone is deficient in calcium salt deposits. Systemic metabolic bone disease. The X-ray showed a decrease in bone density in the general bone. Bone trabeculaeare rare, fuzzy, margin roughness, bony cortex thinned, stratified change. In the areas where bone metabolism is more active, such as the occurrence of bone epiphysis, the low density edge is blurred, and the epiphyseal calcification zone is irregular, blurred, thin and disappeared. In the middle of the epiphyses, there is a tortuous deformation in the middle of the epiphysis, with a very irregular margin and a hairbrush shape. The gap between the epiphysis and the epiphysis is widened. The corner of the epiphysis was altered by bone spur. The front of the thoracic ribs is a wide mouth. At the same time, the weight-bearing long bone is often bent and deformed. (O leg, X leg, etc.), a small number of patients can have a blue branch fracture healing X-ray performance: the temporary calcification belt reappears, the cup mouth shape depression and brush change are relieved and disappeared. The epiphyseal space is normal. Bone density increases and bone cortex thickens. Bone epiphysis increases, the density increases, and the bone deformation is prolonged.4. Test the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant bone tumors from the characteristics of X-ray.Benign:No transfer: no transfer.Growth condition: slow growth, non-invasion and adjacent tissues, but can be oppressive.Local bone changes: swelling bone damage, clear line with normal bone, sharp edge, thinning of the bony cortex, andexpansion can maintain continuity.Periosteum hyperplasia: generally no periosteal proliferation, can have a small amount of periosteum hyperplasia after pathological fracture, and periosteal new bone is not damage the surrounding soft tissue changes: no swelling or lump shadow more, if there are any lump, the edge is clear.Angiography: vascular differentiation is normal, and the tumor can be used to compress blood vessels.Malignant:Transfer: transfer.Growth: rapid growth, transsexual and adjacent tissue organs.Local bone changes: invasive bone fracture, blurred boundary and normal bone boundary, uneven edges, irregular fracture and defect, and bone formation of tumor.Periosteal hyperplasia: multiple forms of periosteal hyperplasia, and can be destroyed by tumor.The surrounding soft tissue changes: the growth of the soft tissue is not clear from the surrounding tissue.Angiography: it can be seen that tumor blood vessels are more and more disordered, the tumor staining and arteriovenous fistula, and the blood supply artery thickening and the blood vessel erosion become rigid, and the edge damage and so on.5. Take the femoral neck fracture as an example.1. Delayed healing or non-healing of fracture; X - ray showed delayed bone scab, with few or no presence, delayed or prolonged fracture line.Two, false joint formation: the X ray shows the bone bushy with the end of the bone, and there is a clear line between the two sides of the broken end.3. Fracture deformity healing: X - ray shows bone formation Angle, rotation, shortening deformity.4. After trauma, osteoporosis.5. Bone and joint infection; For acute chronic bone, arthritis X ray performance.6. Bone ischemic necrosis: increased femoral bone density and deformation.7. Joint rigidity: it is caused by adhesion to the joint, often with osteoporosis and soft tissue atrophy.Viii. Degeneration of joints: change after chronic bone injury.9. Ossified myositis: calcification in different degree of soft tissue after fracture.The respiratory system1. What methods are used in chest imaging examination?1. Chest perspective 2, (positive and lateral) 3, high - kilovol-meter 4, body layer photography 5, bronchography 6, CT 7, MRI2. What are the basic X-ray manifestations of lung lesions?A, exudative lesions: show the edge blur, density uniform shape shadow, range from flocculus to big leaf, when lesions involving the big leaf, its shape is in line with lung and sharp edges, air-bronchogram and visible.2. Fibrosis change: the expression is high density, the boundary is clear, walking rigid, irregular shape of the line shape.Iii. Proliferative lesion: localized nodules or petals, with high density, relatively clear edges, and generally no fusion trend.4. Calcified venereal changes: the appearance is sharp, the density is extremely high, the shape is different, the size of the speckle shape or plaque shape.Voids: 1. Wormwood vacuous cavity: manifested in a large number of pulmonary real changes with multiple small permeable areas. The form is irregular, it is wormlike. 2. Thin wall cavity: hollow wall thickness < 3mm, boundary clear, smooth circular light zone. 3. Thick wall hole: wall thickness > 3mm, the holeis round or irregular, peripheral or unreal change area, the inner wall is smooth and neat or concave, the hole can have or airless plane.Six, mass lesions, benign tumor characterized by round or oval, smooth boundary, density uniform spherical density shadow, malignant tumors are lobulated, the boundary is not sharp, can have a short nap or umbilical concave), central necrosis.3. With a solid shadow on one side of the chest, which diseases should be considered? What aspects should be analyzed in the identification?One, a large number of pleural effusion, one side of the lung, the one side of the lung, the one side of the pleural hypertrophy, the one side of the pleural hypertrophy, the one side of the lung, the one side of the lung and the one side of the lungShould note: when identifying a, mediastinal position 2, diaphragmatic level three, five, four, thoracic rib gap width size on a flat piece of six, observe whether air-bronchogram, observe whether the main bronchus is unobstructed in layer 7, combined with clinical data4. What are the direct and indirect X-ray signs of bronchial lung cancer (central type)?1. Lumps, located in the lung area, are rounded or lobule.2. Endobronchial polyps filling defect.3. The bronchial wall thickened and the lumen was narrow or blocked, with rat tail or cup.Ii. Indirect symptoms: 1. Obstructive pulmonary disease,The horizontal and pulmonary masses of the upper lobe of the upper lobe of the upper lobe of the upper lobe.2. Obstructive pneumonia: repeated attacks and slow absorption of exudative lesions.3. Obstructive emphysema: the air volume of the blocked lung is increased, and the brightness is increased.5. Typical X-ray manifestations of large leaf pneumonia?Lobule pneumonia may involve most or all of the lobes. The former is characterized by uniformity of density, and the shadow of the edge is indistinct. The edge is clear, with the interleaf crack as the boundary, its shape with the pulmonary lobe, the contour is consistent, its inside visible bronchi meteorology. Different forms of lobule pneumonia vary.6. Typical X-ray manifestations of acute hemorrhagic disseminated tuberculosis?The early two lung density of the lesion showed a change of hair glass. In about 10 days, the two lungs showed diffuse uniform distribution, the same size, uniform density of miliary nodules. The two lung textures are not clear.The circulatory system1. Simple mitral stenosis X-ray performance?The heart increases, the left atrium and right ventricle are enlarged, and the left heart is often significantly enlarged.The main reason for the reduction of the general aortic ball is the reduction of left ventricle blood elimination, aortic dysplasia or the left rotation of the heart and big blood vessels, and the aortic arch folds.The left ventricle shrank, the apex of the heart moved, the lower part of the heart was straight.4. Mitral membrane calcification, direct sign.5. Pulmonary congestion or interstitial edema, upper pulmonary vein dilation, lower pulmonary veins. Sometimes it can be seen that the diameter of 1 ~ 2mm in diameter can be seen in the lung field, which is composed of hemosiderosis.2. The X line of high blood heart disease is shown as?One, the heart is aortic type, the left ventricle segment increases, becomes round, the heart apex is in the phrenic, the cardiac phrenic horn shows acute Angle, the left ventricle is prominent, overlaps with the spine.Second, the left ventricle is increasing to the left, and the apex of the heart is often under the diaphragm.3. The perspective can be seen that the opposite pulsation.When left heart failure, the left atrium increases, and pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema appear.5. Severe, the heart is generally enlarged, but the left ventricular enlargement is the main.The aorta has dilation, extension, and circuity.3. X-ray performance of pulmonary heart disease?Changes in pulmonary hypertension and chronic pulmonary diseaseOne, pulmonary hypertension, often occurs before the heart shape changes.Second, the right ventricle enlarges, the heart is in the mitral valve type, the heart rate is more than the normal person not much. Some cases: the heart is smaller than normal, and is related to the low level of the pulmonary emphysema.Three, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, extensive lung tissue fibrosis and emphysema.4. X ray performance of congenital heart disease atrial septal defect?When the defect is small, the size and shape of the heart andshape are normal or change.The heart is of mitral valve type, often moderate increase.Two, right atrium and right ventricular enlargement,The major characteristic changes of atrial septal defect were significantly increased in the right atrium.3. The pulmonary artery protruding, the pulsating enhancement, the pulmonary portal angiectasia. There are often lungmen dancing.In the left atrium, the left ventricle and aorta decreased, while the first left ventricle enlarged.5. Pulmonary hyperemia and later pulmonary hypertension.5. The X ray performance of common Fallot tetralogy?1. The heart is generally not enlarged, the heart is blunt, the upper warped is a sheep's nose, the heart lumbar depression, if there is a third ventricle forming, the heart is flat, or slightly raised.Second, the right ventricle increases.The left ventricle narrowed with decreased blood flow, the left atrium was generally unchanged, and the right atrium was mild to moderate due to increased blood flow and increased right ventricular pressure.4. The lung door shrinks and the lung vessels are slim.The aorta is widened and shifted to the right.The digestive system1. According to what characteristics can the organ of the digestive system be divided into two categories? Where are the organs?According to the characteristic of the digestive organ is the real organ or the hollow viscera, the digestive organ is divided into two categories. The liver and pancreas belong to the substantial organ. Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, large, small intestine and biliary system belong to hollow viscera.2. What kind of inspection methods and imaging methods are used in the two main types of digestive tract and cavity?The liver and pancreas of parenchyma were mainly used for CT, ultrasound and mri. After the general sweep; When necessary, CT iodine contrast agent was enhanced, and magnetic resonance was enhanced with gadolinium contrast agent.The hollow viscera was mainly used for routine X-ray examination, the gastrointestinal tract was radiographed by barium, and the bile was used for the contrast of iodine3. The X-ray signs of benign and malignant ulcers are identified.A benign ulcer protrudes from the gastric cavity. The ulcer is located within the contour of the stomach2. The shape of the shadow: the benign ulcer is relatively small and round, and the malignancy is larger and more shallow.Three, niche mouth: benign ulcer with mucosal edema, width is consistent, sometimes under pressure to change form malignant ulcer niches mouth cancer tissue invasion, forming ring levee involuntary pressure, change or more cancer nodules form refers to the indentation, sharp corners.Iv. Benign ulcer stomach constriction peristaltic direct niches, malignant ulcer is more than 1 cm from the niches, peristalsis disappears.4. Differentiation of esophageal foreign body and trachea foreign bodyTake the coin foreign object as an example, because the diameter of the esophagus is small, the left and right diameters are wider, so the esophageal foreign body is in a circular position, and the lateral position view is striped. The trachea foreign body is opposite, because the trachea half annular cartilage is absent is facing the rear, so the maximum diameter of the foreign body is the front and rear direction. The positive view is long and long, while the lateral position is round.5. Identification of jejunum, ileum and intestinal obstruction? How to diagnose low - level intestinal obstruction based on flatslice?The intestinal mucosa is a fish-bone arrangement perpendicular to the vertical axis of the intestinal tube. The mucosa of ileus is only two intestinal wall lines. The most significant expansion of the obstruction tube diameter is the semilinar fold.The high intestinal obstruction is mainly manifested in the left middle and upper abdominal multiple qi level, the stomach also sees the liquid level, the lower abdomen and the pelvic cavity of the lower abdomen and the lower gas. Low intestinal obstruction, the expression is the whole abdomen several stair - shaped gas levelUrinary system1. Differential diagnosis of urinary calculus. (points)1. Gallstones: the form is polygon, the surrounding density is high, the central density is low, sometimes there is the high density core. Lateral photography is located in front of the spine.Lymph node calcification: form irregular punctate, structure, and has no fixed position, to move a large degree (e.g., mesenteric lymph node calcification) imaging of the renal pelvis can understand outside or in the urinary tract.3. Intestinal contents (coprolites or drugs) : the position is not constant, the repeated photo position can be changed ordisappeared, and the bowel will disappear.Iv. Venous stone (pelvic cavity) : small, round, circular or concentric round dense shadow, the edges are neat, often for both sides and multiple, the position is more than partial, when necessary retrograde contrast imaging is identified.2. X-ray manifestations of renal tuberculosis. (points)Flat slice: the kidney contour area can protrude, terminal form shrinksCalcification: diffuse, cloudy, spottedAngiography: wormhole destruction, renal cortical abscess and vacuous formation, pyelonephrosis, renal pelvis, renal calyx (peripheral imformation, deformed stenosis), renalself-truncation3. The X-ray of typical urinary calculi. (points)Kidney: sliced: mulberry, layered, antlerContrast: density, higher density, filling defect, obstructionUreter: flat slice: the long axis is consistent with the ureterAbdominal segment: side of the lumbar spineThe sacroiliac segment: the sacroiliac jointPelvic segment: roughly parallel to the pelvic rimLower end of ureter: polymorphismContrast: positive, negative and catheter relationship, obstruction of waterBladder calculi: above the symphysis pubis, the midline of the pelvic cavity changes with positionUrethra: the posterior urethra: the symphysis of the pubic bone and the posterior urethra4. Several common radiographic reflux X - ray manifestations.1. Tubule reflux: the radiate dense shadow radiated from the center of the kidney to the cortex.Second, the kidney sinus reflux: it appears as the irregular Angle or band dense shadow around the fornix, and the author appears in an irregular shape.Iii. Circumfluence of the blood vessels: the arch of the arch is shown as the arch of the arch.Iv. Lymphatic reflux: it is shown as a slender, meandering, curved silhouette that walks in the direction of the renal gate.5. Various imaging examinations and USES of urinary system. (points)IVP: the shape of the renal pelvis, renal calices, ureters, and bladder, and the function of the renal excretion2. Retrograde pyelography: used for IVP display (such as renal dysfunction) or not for IVP (such as liver and kidney function, iodine allergy)Bladder angiography: excretory method: the urethral stricture cannot be intubated or at the same time, the upper urinary tract should be examinedRetrograde: observe bladder size, shape, position to diagnose bladder disease4. Urethrography: mostly used for urethral stricture, calculi, congenital malformation, etc5. Retroperitoneal aerated angiography: showing the renal, adrenal profile and retroperitoneal mass and the relationship with the kidney6. Arteriography: diagnosis of vascular lesions and adrenal neoplastic lesionsCentral, five official system1. Evaluation of CT in the treatment of sinus tumors.CT diagnosis of smaller tumors is of great value and can be determined in its origin and scope. Benign tumor margins are clear and orderly, without bone damage. But it is difficult todetermine the pathological nature. The mucous cyst showed an enlarged sinus cavity and increased density. CT is of great value in diagnosis of malignant tumor. In the early stage of osteopenia, there was a shadow of mass in the sinus cavity, and the sinus cavity was seen in the sinus cavity. The sinus wall can be damaged early, and the adjacent structure can be shown as the nasal cavity, the invasion of the orbit and the scope.2. CT manifestations of meningiomas.The CT findings of typical meningiomas are high in density, with clear edges, spherical or subleaf lesions, and cranial bones, which are connected to the cerebellum. There was no edema or slight edema in the oven. The general performance of the enhanced scanning was significantly enhanced.。

一、选择题1. 医学影像学包括以下哪些内容？A. X线摄影、超声成像、CT、MRI、DSAB. X线摄影、超声成像、PET、CT、MRIC. X线摄影、超声成像、核医学、CT、MRID. X线摄影、超声成像、DSA、PET、核医学答案：A2. X线具有哪些特性？A. 穿透性、荧光效应、感光效应、电离效应B. 穿透性、荧光效应、感光效应、导电效应C. 穿透性、荧光效应、感光效应、磁化效应D. 穿透性、荧光效应、感光效应、热效应答案：A3. 在阅片时，应分析病变的要点有哪些？A. 病变的位置、大小、形态、密度、边缘、数量B. 病变的位置、大小、形态、密度、边缘、性质C. 病变的位置、大小、形态、密度、边缘、病理类型D. 病变的位置、大小、形态、密度、边缘、治疗答案：A4. 人体组织器官有不同的密度和厚度，使透过人体后的剩余X线量不均匀，这种现象称为：A. 自然对比B. 对比度C. 对比度系数答案：A5. 以下哪项不是人工对比？A. 碘对比剂B. 铝对比剂C. 钡对比剂D. 空气答案：D6. X线图像特点包括：A. 亮度、对比度、层次、伪影B. 亮度、对比度、层次、分辨率C. 亮度、对比度、层次、灰度D. 亮度、对比度、层次、像素答案：B7. 数字X线成像包括：A. CR、DR、CT、MRIB. CR、DR、DSA、PETC. CR、DR、US、MRID. CR、DR、CT、US答案：A8. 水的CT值为：A. -1000HUB. 0HUD. -500HU答案：A9. 在T1加权像上，水和大部分病变（如肿瘤、炎症、变性、坏死、液化、水肿）为：A. 高信号B. 低信号C. 中等信号D. 混合信号答案：B10. 以下哪项不是介入放射学的应用？A. 血管造影B. 乳腺活检C. 腹部平片D. 肾脏穿刺答案：C二、名词解释1. 人工对比：人为引入一种物质到人体器官或间隙使其产生密度差异而形成的对比。

2. 自然对比：人体组织结构基于密度上的差别，可产生线对比，这种自然存在的差别。

医学影像学试题库汇总(含答案)一、选择题1.医学影像学主要包括以下哪些内容？A. X线影像学B. 超声影像学C. 磁共振影像学D. 核医学E. 以上都是答案：E2.以下哪种影像学技术不涉及电磁辐射？A. X线摄影B. CT扫描C. 磁共振成像D. 超声检查E. 核医学答案：D3.以下哪种疾病最适合使用MRI进行检查？A. 骨折B. 肝硬化C. 脑肿瘤D. 肺炎E. 胃溃疡答案：C4.以下哪种检查方法属于无创性检查？A. 胃镜B. 血管造影C. 磁共振成像D. 肺功能测试E. 胸片答案：C5.以下哪种影像学检查技术可以同时提供形态学和功能学信息？A. X线摄影B. CT扫描C. 磁共振成像D. 超声检查E. 核医学答案：E6.以下哪种疾病最适合使用超声进行检查？A. 骨折B. 肝硬化C. 脑肿瘤D. 肺炎E. 胃溃疡答案：B7.以下哪种影像学检查技术可以用于检测心脏功能？A. X线摄影B. CT扫描C. 磁共振成像D. 超声检查E. 核医学答案：D8.以下哪种影像学检查技术可以用于检测骨密度？A. X线摄影B. CT扫描C. 磁共振成像D. 超声检查E. 核医学答案：A9.以下哪种疾病最适合使用核医学进行检查？A. 骨折B. 肝硬化C. 脑肿瘤D. 肺炎E. 胃溃疡答案：E10.以下哪种影像学检查技术可以用于检测肺部疾病？A. X线摄影B. CT扫描C. 磁共振成像D. 超声检查E. 核医学答案：A、B二、填空题1.医学影像学主要包括________、________、________、________等。

答案：X线影像学、超声影像学、磁共振影像学、核医学2.________是一种无创性、安全、有效的检查方法，广泛应用于临床诊断和治疗。

答案：超声检查3.________可以用于检测心脏功能，如心脏血流灌注、心脏收缩和舒张功能等。

答案：超声检查4.________可以用于检测骨密度，评估骨质疏松的程度。

医学影像学考试题一、单项选择题（每题3分，共60分）1、在放射线防护应遵循的原则中，不正确的是（）A、缩短照射时间B、减少照射距离C、利用屏蔽作用D、缩小照射野E、采用特殊位置，避免要害部位直接接受X线照射2、高血压出血常见的部位是（）A、壳核出血B、丘脑出血C、尾状核头出血D、内囊出血E、基底节出血3、关于“脑出血”MRI 表现，下列描述哪项不对（）A、急性期血肿，T1 WI呈等信号，T2 WI呈稍低信号B、急性期血肿，MRI显示不如CT清楚C、亚急性和慢性期血肿，T1 WI和T2 WI均表现为高信号D、血肿囊变期，T1 WI低信号，T2 WI高信号，周边可见含铁血黄素沉积所致低信号环E、亚急性及慢性期血肿，MRI显示不如CT清楚4、急性颅脑外伤最快速准确的检查方法为（）A、MRIB、CTC、X 线平片D、超声E、血管造影5、关于鼻咽癌的CT特点，下列说法哪项正确（）A、咽隐窝变浅B、两侧咽腔对称C、咽肌局限性变薄D、咽旁间隙向内移位E、椎前淋巴结肿大6、X线平片正常肺门阴影的最主要解剖结构是（）A、肺动脉、肺静脉、支气管、淋巴结B、肺动脉、上肺静脉、支气管、淋巴结C、肺动脉、上肺静脉、支气管D、肺动脉、肺静脉、淋巴结E、肺动脉、肺静脉7、病肺体积增大的疾病是（）A、肺气肿B、肺不张C、肺纤维化D、气胸E、纵隔气肿8、指出肺叶不张X线表现，叙述错误的是（）A、不张肺叶体积小而密度均匀增高B、纵隔向不张肺叶移位C、不张肺叶肺门及肺纹理影消失D、不张肺内可见支气管气征E、不张肺附近肋间变窄9、指出胸腔积液X线表现叙述错误者（）A、胸腔积液区为透过度增加区B、胸腔积液为均匀透过度减低区C、积液面不超过第四前肋为少量积液D、液面超过超过第四前肋，但未超过第二前肋为中量E、液面在第二前肋之上为大量10、中央型肺癌的CT征象，叙述错误的是（）A、肺门肿块B、支气管扩张、狭窄相间C、阻塞性炎症D、阻塞性肺不张E、支气管壁增厚11、肺淤血主要的X线征象是哪一项？（）A、上肺静脉扩张，下肺静脉缩小或正常B、肺血管轻度增粗，边缘清晰C、肺门阴影正常D、肺野透过度增加E、以上全不是12、胃肠道穿孔的最典型X线征象为（）A、咖啡豆征B、阶梯状液平C、膈下新月状气体影D、结肠积气E、肠腔扩张13、胃肠钡餐前准备最主要是检查日晨（）A、禁食禁水B、洗胃C、清洁灌肠D、肌注低张药E、抽空胃液14、胃溃疡最特征的表现是（）A、龛影B、狭颈征C、项圈征D、粘膜纠集E、器官变形15、下列哪种改变符合典型肝血管瘤的CT表现？（）A、整个病灶明显强化并迅速降为低密度B、开始呈低密度并逐渐变为高密度C、病灶周边呈团块状强化并逐渐向中央扩展D、病灶始终呈等密度E、病灶始终呈高密度16、关于单纯性肾囊肿的MRI表现，下列说法错误的是（）A、边缘光滑B、信号均匀C、T1WI呈低信号D、T2WI呈高信号E、增强后明显强化17、前列腺癌MRI表现，叙述错误的是（）A、癌结节多位于边缘区B、T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号C、诊断主要靠T1WID、诊断主要靠T2WIE、增强扫描癌结节轻度强化18、脊椎骨折X线表现，哪一项叙述错误？( )A、好发于下胸及上腰段B、单发性较多C、椎体呈楔状变形或骨碎片D、椎间隙变窄E、脊柱常有后突及侧突畸形等19、骨肿瘤的影像学检查优选原则是（）A、MRI检查B、平片检查后，根椐需要做MRI，CT或ECTC、CT检查D、ECT检查E、超声检查20、骨肉瘤的好发年龄是（）A、婴幼儿B、青少年C、成年D、50～60岁E、60岁以上二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1、简述骨折的Ｘ线表现。

医学影像学题库含答案一、填空题1. 医学影像学包括 X线、CT、MRI、超声和核医学等项内容。

2. X线具有穿透性、荧光效应、感光效应和电离效应等特性，它们分别是 X线成像、荧光屏观察、胶片感光和人体生物效应的基础。

X线穿透性受 X线能量、组织密度和原子序数的影响。

3. 在阅片时，应分析病变的部位、形态、大小、密度、边界、邻近器官和组织的关系、动态变化和对比度等要点。

4. 人体组织器官有不同的密度和厚度，使透过人体后的剩余X线量不均匀。

5. 人为引入一种物质到人体器官或间隙使其产生密度差异而形成的对比称人工对比。

引入的这种物质称对比剂，引入这种物质的方法称造影技术。

6. X线图像特点包括灰度、对比度、层次和空间分辨率等。

7. 数字X线成像包括直接数字化成像、间接数字化成像和计算机辅助成像。

8. 水的CT值为0HU，骨皮质的CT值约为1000HU，空气的CT值约为-1000HU。

9. 在T1加权像上水和大部病变（如肿瘤、炎症、变性、坏死、液化、水肿）为低信号即长T1信号。

T1加权像上的高信号即短T1信号通常为脂肪和亚急性血肿。

在T2加权像上，水和大部分病变呈高信号即信号。

10. MRI图像特点包括灰度、对比度、层次和空间分辨率等。

二、名词解释1. 人工对比：人为引入一种物质到人体器官或间隙使其产生密度差异而形成的对比。

2. 自然对比：人体组织器官本身存在的密度差异所形成的对比。

3. CT值：CT图像上不同组织的密度用单位HU （Hounsfield Unit）表示。

4. T1加权像：在MRI成像中，利用较短的TE和较长的TR，使组织信号强度主要取决于组织T1弛豫时间，即T1加权像。

5. T2加权像：在MRI成像中，利用较长的TE和较短的TR，使组织信号强度主要取决于组织T2弛豫时间，即T2加权像。

6. 介入放射学：以影像诊断学为基础，在影像设备的引导下，利用穿刺针、导管、导丝及其他介入器材，对疾病进行治疗或取得组织学、细胞学、细菌学及生理、生化资料进行诊断的学科。

医学影像学考试题及参考答案一、选择题1. 下列哪种射线检查常用于检测骨折？A. X线B. CTC. MRID. 超声波答案：A. X线2. 下列哪种射线检查可以用于观察血管病变？A. X线B. CTC. MRID. 超声波答案：B. CT3. 以下哪种影像学检查对于筛查乳腺癌最为有效？A. X线B. CTC. MRID. 超声波答案：C. MRI4. 下列哪种影像学检查对于观察腹部内脏器官最有效？A. X线B. CTC. MRID. 超声波答案：B. CT5. 在哪种情况下应该避免使用造影剂进行影像学检查？A. 高血压患者B. 肾功能不全患者C. 心脏病患者D. 哮喘患者答案：B. 肾功能不全患者二、填空题1. X线检查能够观察人体的__________结构。

答案：骨骼2. CT检查通过连续的__________图像来生成人体的断层影像。

答案：横截面3. MRI检查利用__________和__________来观察人体内部结构。

答案：磁场；无线电波4. 超声波检查基于声波在人体组织中的__________和__________。

答案：传播；反射5. 影像学检查中常用的造影剂是__________。

答案：碘剂三、简答题1. 请简要介绍X线检查在医学影像学中的应用。

答案：X线检查是一种常用的医学影像学技术，通过将X射线穿过人体部位，利用不同组织对X射线的吸收能力不同原理，产生影像来观察人体内部结构。

X线检查主要用于骨折、肺部疾病、胸部肿瘤等疾病的诊断。

2. 请简述CT检查相比于X线检查的优势。

答案：CT检查是一种高级的影像学技术，通过多个方向的连续扫描，生成人体的断层影像。

相比于X线检查，CT检查具有以下优势：能够提供更为详细的横截面结构信息；对骨骼和软组织的显示更加清晰；对于血管和肿瘤等病变的观察更为准确。

3. 请简要介绍MRI检查在医学影像学中的应用。

答案：MRI检查是一种利用磁场和无线电波来观察人体内部结构的影像学技术。

医学影像学名词解释与简答题库一、名词解释1.螺旋CT(SCT): 螺旋CT扫描就是在旋转式扫描基础上，通过滑环技术与扫描床连续平直移动而实现得，管球旋转与连续动床同时进行，使X线扫描得轨迹呈螺旋状，因而称为螺旋扫描。

2.CTA：就是静脉内注射对比剂，当含对比剂得血流通过靶器官时，行螺旋CT容积扫描并三维重建该器官得血管图像。

3.MRA：磁共振血管造影，就是指利用血液流动得磁共振成像特点，对血管与血流信号特征显示得一种无创造影技术。

常用方法有时间飞跃、质子相位对比、黑血法。

4.MRS:磁共振波谱，就是利用MR中得化学位移现象来确定分子组成及空间分布得一种检查方法，就是一种无创性得研究活体器官组织代谢、生物变化及化合物定量分析得新技术。

5.MRCP：就是磁共振胆胰管造影得简称，采用重T2WI水成像原理，无须注射对比剂，无创性地显示胆道与胰管得成像技术，用以诊断梗阻性黄疽得部位与病因。

6.PTC：经皮肝穿胆管造影；在透视引导下经体表直接穿刺肝内胆管，并注入对比剂以显示胆管系统。

适应症：胆道梗阻；肝内胆管扩张。

7.ERCP：经内镜逆行胆胰管造影；在透视下插入内镜到达十二指肠降部，再通过内镜把导管插入十二指肠乳头，注入对比剂以显示胆胰管；适应症：胆道梗阻性疾病；胰腺疾病。

8.数字减影血管造影（DSA）：用计算机处理数字影像信息，消除骨骼与软组织影像，使血管成像清晰得成像技术。

9.造影检查：对于缺乏自然对比得结构或器官，可将高于或低于该结构或器官得物质引入器官内或其周围间隙，使之产生对比显影。

10.血管造影：就是将水溶性碘对比剂注入血管内，使血管显影得X线检查方法。

11.HRCT：高分辨CT，为薄层(1~2mm)扫描及高分辨力算法重建图像得检查技术12.CR：以影像板（IP）代替X线胶片作为成像介质，IP上得影像信息需要经过读取、图像处理从而显示图像得检查技术。

13.T1：即纵向弛豫时间常数，指纵向磁化矢量从最小值恢复至平衡状态得63%所经历得弛豫时间。

《医学影像技术》期末复习简答题库1X线是如何发现的。

X线是德国物理学家伦琴在1895年11月8日发现的。

当时，他在暗室内用高电压电流通过低压气体的克鲁克斯管作阴极射线研究，偶然发现克鲁克斯管附近一块表面涂有铂氰化钡结晶的纸板上发生荧光。

进一步研究证明，荧光是由高电压电流通过克鲁克斯管时产生的一种看不见的新射线所引起。

这种射线能穿透普通光线所不能穿透的纸板，能作用于荧光屏产生荧光，具有摄影作用。

伦琴于1896年1月23日正式将此公布于世，由于不明了这种射线的性质，所以伦琴把这种射线称为X线，科学界又称之为伦琴射线。

2简述X线的发生及临床应用的X线的特性。

高速运行的电子群突然受阻，便发生X线。

X线发生装置主要是X线管、变压器和控制台。

X线管阴极灯丝通电后发射电子群；变压器向X线管两端提供高电压，驱使电子群向阳极高速运行，并撞击在阳极靶面上，其动能转换为99.8%的热能和0.2%的X线。

临床应用的X线特性是：1.穿透性和X线管管电压有关，管电压愈高，产生的X线波长就愈短，穿透性愈强。

这是X线临床应用的基础。

2.荧光作用可激发荧光物质产生肉眼可见的荧光。

这是X线透视的基础。

3.感光作用可使胶片感光形成潜影，经显影、定影处理后产生影像。

这是X线摄影的基础。

4.电离作用对人体电离的程度与吸收的X线量成正比。

这是X线防护和放射治疗的基础。

3简述X线管的阳极效应及在实际投照工作中的应用。

X线管阳极是接受电子群冲击而产生X线的部位，称为焦点。

X线焦点对各个方向的投影称为有效焦点面积。

X线管阳极端的有效焦点面积小，X线量亦少；而近阴极端的有效焦点面积大，X线量也多，此即所谓X线管的阳极效应。

根据这一原理，在实际投照工作中，应注意将同一肢体的厚度和密度较大的部分置于阴极端，将厚度小密度低的部分置于阳极端。

例如腰椎投照时，应将下腰部对向阴极端，以求得上下腰椎影像的投影均匀一致。

4何谓照片的黑化度？何谓对比度？简述各影响因素。