开合屋盖机械系统设计分析及静力学分析

开合屋盖机械系统设计分析及静力学分析

摘要

开合屋盖是一种在一定时间内可以开合部分或全部屋顶结构的新型建筑形

式。它不仅赋予了常规建筑新的功能，而且大大增加了建筑的美学效果，因此开合

屋盖是当今建筑领域的一个新的热点与潮流。开合屋盖的机械装置是开合屋盖功

能实现的关键，因此开合机械装置的合理设计至关重要。

本论文以开合屋盖机械系统为研究目标，分别对开合屋盖开合机械装置设计与

机械系统结构载荷进行了分析与研究，所做的工作对开合屋盖工程设计具有一定的

应用价值和理论指导意义。

本文主要研究内容：第一，论述了选题的背景和意义，介绍了开合屋盖的功能、应用及其发展历

史，总结了目前国内外有关开合屋盖领域的研究成果和方向。第二，研究开合屋盖开合机理的基础上，系统地归纳了适合运用于开合屋盖

的开合机械装置。将开合屋盖系统地划分为刚性开合屋盖与柔性开合屋盖，给出了

各类开合机械装置具体的实施方式，并且结合具体机械装置分析了每种开合机械装

置的技术特点和使用场合。

第三，结合起重机技术，分析了开合屋盖与起重机技术的差异，阐述了开合

屋盖行走机械系统设计的方法与设计要点。

第四，进行了行走机械系统结构载荷的研究，提出采用结构比拟和结构影响

因素分析的研究方法。结合杭州某一网球馆工程实例，通过网架拟板法建立了该

类开合屋盖的结构载荷的近似力学模型。根据结构影响因素长宽比，／b，矢高比

s／l，利用ANSYS建立一系列模型并进行有限元分析，完成对结构载荷力学模型

进行修正，得出的结论对此类开合屋盖的设计具有一定的指导意义。

第五，根据相似理论，设计制造了开合屋盖网架实体模型(相似比为15：1)、结

构测量装置和实验台架，完成了开合屋盖模型的静力学试验，从而近似计算出开合

屋盖原型的结构载荷。同时与有限元数值计算所得的结果进行对比，验证了有限元

分析与模型实验的合理性。

关键词：开合屋盖；移动屋顶；开合机械装置；结构载荷；相似理论；模型实验

ABSTRACT

Abstract：A retractable roof i S a new type of architecture which part of,or all of the entire roof can be moved or retracted within a period of time．Not only it endows the normal buildings witIl new functions．it also adds the aesthetic elements to the buildings．The mechanism of the retractable roof iS the key point of the realization of

the retractable function，SO it is quite important to design a good mechanism for the retractable roof．

In this paper,the retractable mechanism system and the structural load of the mechanism is analyzed through the theoretical analysis，modeling and experiment．This

work has a theoretical guidance value to the design of retractable roof．

This paper iS summarized as follows：

First，the background and significance of the topic were discussed．The functions，

and the history are introduced and the research highlights were applications

summarized．

Second．the retractable mechanical device for retractable roof was generalized on the basis of the thoroughgoing study about the principle of retractable roof．There are two kinds of retractable roof,including rigid retractable roof and flexible retractable roof．On the basis of systemic classification of the retractable mechanical device，the concrete implement of all sorts retractable mechanism was proposed and the characteristic and application were illustrated．

Third，analyzed the difference between the technology of the retractable roof and the crane．Expounded the method and outlines of the mechanism design of the retractable roof．

Fourth，this paper proposed to adopt a method which combined structural analogy and analysis of the geometry impact factors to analyzed the structural load of the mechanism system．For one mobile roof project in Hangzhou，established the mathematical model of the bending of the mobile roof,and analyzed the structural impact factors using ANSYS．The results could be used in the analysis and calculation

of the structural loads of such type of the retractable roof．

Fi劬．according to the similarity theory,made the corresponding phy’sical model of the retractable roof,then did the mechanics experiments．The results shows the two methods are feasible after comparing the date of model experiments with the date of ANSYS simulation．

Key words：retractable roof；mobile roof；retractable mechanism；structural load；similarity theory；model experiment