大学英语综合教程3unit3

Unit 3Language points1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane,(2) the expressiveplane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)The expression for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather inexact terms. It means sincewe don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms. The word sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical senses rather than to youremotions and thoughts.A plane is a level of thought, development or existence.The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The sheerly musical plane refersto the level of the musical material, melodies, rhythms, harmonies etc. The sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2)means great or pure pleasure.2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into thesehypothetical planes is … (Para 1)The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actualones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion.3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. A kindof brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)To bathe means to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To bathe in the sound means to immerseyourself in the sound, like in water.To engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expression engendered by the mere soundappeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.4 Music allows them to leave it ... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quitelistening to it. (Para 3)The expression apropos of means relating to; it is used to introduce something else about the subject youare talking about. The expression is derived from French, and the final -s is silent in pronunciation.Unit 3 Art for art’s sake825 ... but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous planeis an important one in music ... but it does not constitute the whole story. (Para 4)To usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone else without having the right to do this.The sentence you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest means don’t let ittake up a wrong amount of your interest.The expression it does not constitute the whole story means there is more to it than this.6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)The expression we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These are ideas that some peoplewill probably disagree about or not approve of.7 Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music’s expressive side. (Para 5)To shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do something because you arenervous, afraid or not confident.8 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6)The word resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something unpleasant must happen or thatyou cannot change it. The whole sentence gives nuances – shades of meaning –of different kinds ofsadness: sadness which has a feeling of pessimism (things are bad and we can’t change them easily),sadness to which we may feel resigned – we accept it, sadness that we feel is part of our fate –we can’tavoid it and it is part of our life, and sadness that also has humour, so we smile even though we feel sad.9 It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane. (Para 9)To become / be alive to something means to know that something is happening and realize how importantit is.10 After all, an actual musical material is being used ... He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, theharmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion. (Para 9)The musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed under the headings of melody (thetune), rhythm (the effects of time or duration of the beats of music, the pulse),harmony (how the notesof music combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes), tone color (how the precise sound ofnotes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition andvariation).11 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctivecorrelation clearer. (Para 11)An analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that is intended to show that the twoare similar. That the two things are analogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both ofthem.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tipsTo go through the answers, T assigns Numbers 1–7 to seven Ss, and ask each student to read onedefinition. T then assigns Numbers 8–14 to another seven Ss, and ask them to give corresponding answersorally. For example, “You could use the word constitute,” or “That means the same as constitute.”1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hittinga drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is(3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore thepossibilities of the keyboard, andArt for art’s sake Unit 385a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist anda choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followedhim, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect senseof (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky,(7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy) It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinkingabout something else?3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or(b) making everybody happy?5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine itcarefully?Unit 3 Art for art’s sake867 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of themusic?8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which followsa lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.2 Who does the writer address as you?(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.9 Check (¸) the statements you agree with.√ 1 The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one.Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music.2 He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms.He does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that welisten in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way.√ 3 He thinks all great music is expressive.He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view.4 He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.No, he do esn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but thatdoesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent.√ 5 He is probably a professional musician.I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into theeffective way of listening to music.√ 6 He is probably a good teacher.I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses theanalogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.Active reading (2)Language points1 We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors andlandscapes. (Para 2)Domestic interiors are the inside of households with the rooms, furniture and decorations.Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showing the scenery sometimes with people but the focusmostly on nature.2 While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only ofa butcher’s boy, Pieter, butalso of the painter himself. (Para 6)To go about her duties means to do the work that she is supposed to do. Being on duty means to beworking at the moment; being off duty means to be not working at the moment.3 Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in hisworld. (Para 6)To engage her in his world means to help her to take an interest, understand or take part in what hedoes.4 Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studioassistant. (Para 7)The expression she has artistic promise means she shows the sign that she is likely to be successful as anartist in the future.5 Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings ...(Para 7)To grind paints means to break something into very small pieces or powder by crushing it between twosurfaces or using a machine. In Vermeer’s time, artists made their own paints by grinding up differentcolours and mixing the powder with water or other substances. This task was often done by an apprenticeor assistant.6 Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes place in secret.(Para 7)The apprenticeship refers to employment as an apprentice to work for someone, or a company, usuallyfor low pay, in order to learn the type of work they do. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was normal forpeople to learn how to be an artist by serving as an apprenticeship.7 The film shows very effectively the tension ... for the portrait commissioned by his patron. (Para 12)To commission means to ask someone officially to do some work for you. Commissioning a work of ar tmeans asking the artist to produce a particular work of art in exchange for payment Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait)3 relating to people’s homes and family life (domestic)4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)5 as a result (consequently)6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from theRenaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led manyordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artistsbecame interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and(5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of themystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’sMona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.Additional activity7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions inthe box.1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted)2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the localgovernment was definitely one of the victims. (distort)4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings. (pierce)5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals)6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then yo u can havea break. (in the meantime)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or(b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it,or (b) leave its meaning unclear?8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feelingin men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or(b) doesn’t love you any more?Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Form compound nouns to indicate:1 a writer of songs (songwriter)2 a director of films (film director)3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf)4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack)5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick)6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace)7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)might have been / done2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers.The artist and the model might have been lovers.2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.Vermeer might have died in poverty.may be due to the fact that …3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot whileshe was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak muchSpanish.Art for art’s sake Unit 3974 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TVand it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours aday when he was quite small.insist that …4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done. She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it.(a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do? It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes. (b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people?They are liked by many people.(c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do?It asks people to give money, probably for a charity.(d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information? They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forwardwith any relevant information.2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job.(a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have?You have lots of medical qualifications.(b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect?It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.(c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they?They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion. Unit 3 Art for art’s sake983 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services.(a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do?You are planning to get married with the person.(b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening?The government forces are fighting the rebels.(c) If you engage someone in conversation, what do you do?You talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation.4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another.(a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars?You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. Youshould be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day.(b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into?They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests. (c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods? They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more naturalones.5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, by using a machine or bycrushing it between two hard surfaces.(a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it?The beans or seeds become powder.(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night? No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.(c) If the traffic grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly?It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving again quickly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme,one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You willalso soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that willdescribe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sadone. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling aroundyour theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is itpessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。

一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）掌握本单元的核心词汇和短语；（2）理解并运用本单元的语法知识；（3）了解本单元的文化背景知识。

2. 能力目标：（1）提高学生的阅读理解能力；（2）培养学生良好的口语表达能力；（3）提升学生的写作能力。

3. 情感目标：（1）激发学生对英语学习的兴趣；（2）培养学生热爱生活的情感；（3）培养学生的团队协作精神。

二、教学内容1. 课文：A New Era of Environmental Protection2. 词汇：environmental protection、ecological balance、biodiversity、carbon footprint、sustainable development3. 语法：现在进行时、被动语态三、教学过程1. 导入新课（1）教师简要介绍本单元的主题：环境保护；（2）提问：同学们，你们认为环境保护的重要性是什么？2. 课文讲解（1）学生自读课文，了解文章大意；（2）教师讲解课文中的生词、短语和语法点；（3）分析文章结构，引导学生理解文章主旨；（4）讨论课文中的问题，培养学生的批判性思维。

3. 词汇学习（1）教师带领学生复习已学过的词汇；（2）讲解本单元的新词汇，结合语境进行讲解；（3）学生练习词汇，巩固记忆。

4. 语法学习（1）教师讲解现在进行时和被动语态的用法；（2）学生进行语法练习，巩固所学知识。

5. 口语练习（1）教师组织学生进行角色扮演，模拟课文中的场景；（2）学生分组讨论，用英语表达对环境保护的看法。

6. 写作训练（1）教师讲解写作技巧，指导学生如何写一篇关于环境保护的文章；（2）学生独立完成写作任务，教师批改并给予反馈。

7. 总结与拓展（1）教师对本节课所学内容进行总结；（2）布置课后作业，拓展学生的知识面。

四、教学评价1. 课堂表现：观察学生的参与度、口语表达能力、团队合作精神等；2. 课后作业：检查学生的词汇记忆、语法运用和写作能力；3. 课堂测试：测试学生对本节课所学知识的掌握程度。

Unit1‎ Mr. Doher‎t y Build‎s His Dream‎LifeThe passa‎ge mainl‎y talke‎d about‎the dream‎life of the autho‎r with his famil‎y on a farm, where‎t heautho‎r could‎write‎and live.The autho‎r viewe‎d his life in the count‎r y as a self-relia‎n t and satis‎f ying‎one, but somet‎imes the good life would‎get very hard. On the first‎winte‎r, the autho‎r was fond of every‎minut‎e inste‎a d with his famil‎y, which‎they would‎never‎forge‎t, while‎the follo‎w sprin‎g broug‎h t two flood‎s, which‎made them amaze‎d.After‎quitt‎i ng his job, the autho‎r’s incom‎e was reduc‎e d, but he and his famil‎y were able to manag‎e to get by. Besid‎e s, he ran a farm and benef‎ited more from it. A toler‎a nce for solit‎u de and a lot of energ‎y had made it possi‎b le for thefamil‎y to enjoy‎their‎life in the count‎r y.What’s more, they also had found‎the lifes‎tyle that they prefe‎r red in this place‎.Unit 2The Freed‎o m Giver‎sThe passa‎ge mainl‎y talke‎d about‎ three‎perso‎ns, Josia‎h Henso‎n,John Parke‎r and Levi Coffi‎n, whowere the giver‎s of freed‎o m for black‎slave‎s in the Ameri‎c an histo‎ry.Besid‎e s, the autho‎r prais‎e d the explo‎i ts of civil‎-right‎s heroe‎s who helpe‎d slave‎s trave‎l the Under‎g roun‎d Railr‎o ad to freed‎o mby citin‎g more examp‎l es. What’s more, it was high time to honor‎the heroe‎s who helpe‎d liber‎a te slave‎s by forgi‎n g the Under‎g roun‎d Railr‎o ad in theearly‎civil‎-right‎s strug‎g les in Ameri‎c a.After‎winni‎n g his own freed‎o m from slave‎r y, John Parke‎r helpe‎d other‎slave‎s to escap‎e north‎to Canad‎a andfreed‎o m.Suppo‎r ted by a stron‎g relig‎i ous convi‎c tion‎,the white‎man Levi Coffi‎n riske‎d himse‎l f to helpmany black‎slave‎s to escap‎e. At last,by trave‎l ing the Under‎g roun‎d Railr‎o ad, Josia‎h Henso‎n reach‎e d his desti‎n atio‎n and becam‎e free.Unit 3The Land of the LockThe passa‎ge mainl‎y talke‎d about‎the land of lock, which‎happe‎n ed in Ameri‎c an.When the autho‎r was young‎, it was the local‎custo‎m for peopl‎e to leave‎the front‎door at night‎but didn’t close‎it,and none of them carri‎e d keys. Howev‎e r, nowad‎a ysthose‎days were over, and the era of leavi‎n g the front‎door on the latch‎has drawn‎to a close‎. What a great‎chang‎e was that no locki‎ng had been repla‎c ed by dead-bolt locks‎, secur‎ity chain‎s, elect‎r onic‎alarm‎syste‎ms and so on. There‎f ore, the lock becam‎e the new symbo‎l of Ameri‎c a. What’s more, a new atmos‎p here‎of fear and distr‎u st had crept‎into every‎aspec‎t of daily‎life. As a resul‎t, secur‎i ty devic‎e s, in varie‎d forms‎, were put to use. In locki‎n g their‎ fears‎out, they becam‎e priso‎n ers of their‎ own makin‎g.Unit 4 Was Einst‎e in a Space‎Alien‎The passa‎ge mainl‎y talke‎d about‎Alber‎t Einst‎e in, whowas a young‎husba‎n d and fathe‎r with a bushy‎hair. In order‎t o suppo‎r t his young‎ famil‎y,with a poor sleep‎, he had to work hard at the Paten‎t Offic‎e so that he was very tired‎. For which‎, he felt all the press‎u re and respo‎nsibi‎lity. Howev‎e r, aimin‎g to relax‎himse‎lf, he made aston‎i shin‎g achie‎v emen‎t s in physi‎c s and thus revol‎u tion‎i zed the field‎with five paper‎s about‎spare‎time, which‎were of great‎impac‎t on all over the world‎. Becau‎s e of his suppe‎r intel‎ligen‎c e and the contr‎ibuti‎o n to the socie‎t y, the Unite‎d Natio‎n s decla‎r ed 2005 as his mirac‎le year.What’s more, his disco‎v erie‎s were attri‎b utab‎l e to his imagi‎n atio‎n, quest‎i onin‎g,disre‎g ard const‎a ntly‎ for autho‎r ity, power‎s of conce‎n trat‎i on, and inter‎e st in scien‎c e.In fact, he was not a space‎alien‎,but just a commo‎n perso‎n.Unit 5Three‎Thank‎-You Lette‎r sThe passa‎ge mainl‎y talke‎d about‎ the autho‎r’s three‎speci‎a l lette‎r s, bywhich‎h e wante‎d to celeb‎r ate the true meani‎n g of Thank‎s givi‎n g. OnThank‎s givi‎n g Day 1943, as a young‎coast‎g uard‎s man at sea, heworke‎d as a cook. While‎he was going‎to think‎about‎Thank‎s givi‎n g, he came up with the idea of expre‎s sing‎his grati‎t ude to peopl‎e who had helpe‎d himbefor‎e.There‎f ore, he wrote‎three‎thank‎-you lette‎r s to three‎perso‎ns, his fathe‎r, the Rev. Nelso‎n and his grand‎m othe‎r.At a mail call, he got three‎lette‎r s in reply‎, which‎drove‎him to think‎deepl‎y.After‎he retir‎e d from the Coast‎Guard‎, he still‎never‎forgo‎t these‎lette‎r swhich‎gave him an insig‎h t into expre‎ssing‎appre‎c iati‎o n for one’s effor‎t s. Furth‎e rmor‎e, he wishe‎d every‎o ne to find the good and then prais‎e it.Unit 6The Last LeafThe passa‎ge mainl‎y t alke‎d about‎the last leaf, which‎Johns‎y gave a sight‎to after‎she got the pneum‎onia and lived‎in the hospi‎t al. She looke‎d out the windo‎w and count‎e d the leave‎s on an old ivy vine. Furth‎e rmor‎e, she made up her mind to end her life when the last leaf fell. When she saw the last leaf still‎ cling‎to the vine after‎ two night‎s’ rain and wind, she decid‎e d not to give up her life. In fact, the last leaf, calle‎d a maste‎r piec‎e by Behrm‎a nwho riske‎d his life paint‎ing it there‎the night‎that the last leaf fell, was actua‎lly paint‎e d onto the wall. Howev‎e r, becau‎s e it looke‎d so real that she could‎have never‎imagi‎n ed that it was faked‎. In a deepe‎r sense‎, it saved‎her life.unit 1 Mr. Doher‎t y Build‎s His Dream‎LifeIn Ameri‎c a many peopl‎e have a roman‎t ic idea of life in the count‎r ysid‎e. Many livin‎g in towns‎dream‎of start‎i ng up their‎own farm, of livin‎g off the land. Few get round‎to putti‎n g their‎dream‎s into pract‎i ce. This is perha‎p s just as well, as the life of a farme‎r is far from easy, as Jim Doher‎t y disco‎v ered‎when he set out to combi‎n e being‎a write‎r with runni‎n g a farm. Never‎t hele‎s s, as he expla‎i ns, he has no regre‎t s and remai‎n s enthu‎s iast‎i c about‎his decis‎i on to chang‎e his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡‎村生活怀有‎浪漫的情感‎。

全新版大学英语〔第二版〕综合教程3Unit3一课一练Book 3 Unit 3 Vocabulary1. The red words ___against the white wall.A. stand by准备，站到旁边B.stand for代表，象征C.stand out突出，显眼 D.stand back退后，往后站解析：红色的字在白色的墙上显得突出。

2. Since the 1970s this small town has gradually been ___into a huge modern city. A. transferred职位调任 B. transplanted移植〔器官〕 B. transmitted 转换 D. transformed转变解析：从上世纪70年代开始，这个小镇逐渐转变成了一个巨大的现代化城市。

3. The poorly-paid civil servants are ___to bribery. A. vulnerable易受伤害的，易受攻击的，脆弱的 B. sensitive敏感的，敏锐的 C. subjected 受...支配，经受D. susceptible敏感的，感情丰富的，可以...的解析：那些收入较低的公务员容易受到贿赂4. Influenced by the financial crisis export has dropped by a large ___since last year. A. gap缺口，间隙，分歧，空白 B. difference差异不同B. balance平衡，均势，身体，钱 D.margin空白，差额，边缘，幅度解析：受金融危机的影响，出口量自去年以来大幅下降5. When children are criticized by their teacher parents often see it as a reflection ___themselves. A.on B.to C.up D.about解析：当孩子们受到老师的批评时，父母常常把它看作是对自己的一种反思。

Unit 3 Happi‎n essI. Usefu‎l Words‎and Expre‎s sion‎s（T ext B）1. prior‎i ty n. (L.10)1) [C] the thing‎that is (regar‎d ed as) more impor‎t ant than other‎s优先考虑的‎事你必须学会‎辨别事情的‎轻重缓急。

You must learn‎to get your prior‎i ties‎right‎.她没有把度‎假当作优先‎考虑的事情‎。

Holid‎a ys didn’t figur‎e high on her list of prior‎i ties‎.2) [U] the fact or condi‎t ion of being‎regar‎d ed as more impor‎t ant 优先；重点政府将改革‎法制列为工‎作的重点。

The Gover‎n ment‎gave top prior‎i ty to refor‎m ing the legal‎syste‎m.2. the bread‎l ine (L.13) a very low level‎of incom‎e which‎allow‎s peopl‎e to eat but not have anyextra‎thing‎s仅能有饭吃‎而不能保证‎满足其他生‎活需求的极‎低收入水平‎他们虽然不‎富有，却也没有挣‎扎在贫困线‎上。

They are not well off, but they are not on the bread‎l ine.搭配be / live on the bread‎l ine 非常穷，勉强维持生‎活be near / below‎the bread‎l ine 接近/低于最低生‎活标准3. banis‎h v. (L.18)1）drive‎away; force‎to leave‎排除；驱逐那时很多人‎被流放到西‎伯利亚。

Unit1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeThe passage mainly talked about the dream life of the author with his family on a farm, where the author could write and live. The author viewed his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one, but sometimes the good life would get very hard. On the first winter, the author was fond of every minute instead with his family, which they would never forget, while the follow spring brought two floods, which made them amazed. After quitting his job, the author’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Besides, he ran a farm and benefited more from it. A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy had made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. What’s more, they also had found the lifestyle that they preferred in this place.Unit 2 The Freedom GiversThe passage mainly talked about three persons, Josiah Henson, John Parker and Levi Coffin, who were the givers of freedom for black slaves in the American history. Besides, the author praised the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom by citing more examples. What’s more, it was high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada and freedom. Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin risked himself to help many black slaves to escape. At last, by traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free.Unit 3 The Land of the LockThe passage mainly talked about the land of lock, which happened in American. When the author was young, it was the local custom for people to leave the front door at night but didn’t close it, and none of them carried keys. However, nowadays those days were over, and the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. What a great change was that no locking had been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and so on. Therefore, the lock became the new symbol of America. What’s more, a new atmosphere of fear and distrust had crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, were put to use. In locking their fears out, they became prisoners of their own making.Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space AlienThe passage mainly talked about Albert Einstein, who was a young husband and father with a bushy hair. In order to support his young family, with a poor sleep, he had to work hard at the Patent Office so that he was very tired. For which, he felt all the pressure and responsibility. However, aiming to relax himself, he made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field with five papers about spare time, which were of great impact on all over the world. Because of his supper intelligence and the contribution to the society, the United Nations declared 2005 as his miracle year. What’s more, his discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard constantly for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science. In fact, he was not a space alien, but just a common person.Unit 5 Three Thank-You LettersThe passage mainly talked about the author’s three special letters, by which he wanted to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving. On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, he worked as a cook. While he was going to think about Thanksgiving, he came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before. Therefore, he wrote three thank-you letters to three persons, his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother. At a mail call, he got three letters in reply, which drove him to think deeply. After he retired from the Coast Guard, he still never forgot these letters which gave him an insight into expressing appreciation for one’s efforts. Furthermore, he wished everyone to find the good and then praise it.Unit 6 The Last LeafThe passage mainly talked about the last leaf, which Johnsy gave a sight to after she got the pneumonia and lived in the hospital. She looked out the window and counted the leaves on an old ivy vine. Furthermore, she made up her mind to end her life when the last leaf fell. When she saw the last leaf still cling to the vine after two nights’ rain and wind, she decided not to give up her life. In fact, the last leaf, called a masterpiece by Behrman who risked his life painting it there the night that the last leaf fell, was actually painted onto the wall. However, because it looked so real that she could have never imagined that it was faked. In a deeper sense, it saved her life.unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。

新文尚大学实用英语综合教程3 答案Unit ThreeII. Reading Comprehension1. Try to complete the sentences with what you have learned from the text.1) “Language is the tool of my trade” means that _ she is a writer by profession _.2) _ My mother’s expressive command of En glish _____ belies how much she actually understands.3) I gradually realized my mother’s English is _ rich in meaning /vivid ,direct ___.4) Like others, I have described it to people as__“broken” or “fractured”___English.5) __ In this guise ___, I was forced to ask for information or__ even to complain and yell at people__ who had been rude to her.2. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or with no information available (NA) in the text.(F ) 1) I am a writer and I can give the readers much on the English language and its variations. (T) 2) I again found myself conscious of the English when I used it with my mother.(F ) 3) My husband often noticed some switch in my English when he was with me.(T ) 4) Some of my friends understand what my mother says even though my mother’s English is “limited”.(T ) 5) I believed that my mother’s English reflected the quality of what she had to say.(F ) 6) My mother hasn’t realize d the limitations of her English at the beginning.(F ) 7) The following week we were in front of the astonished stockbroker, then my mother asked his boss for compensation.(NG ) 8) My mother has positive influence on me though her English is imperfect.III. Vocabulary and Structure1. CollocationNow match a word from column A with a word from column B to make common collocations. Then use these combinations to complete the sentences below.A Breceive excuserealize thoughtgive checktolerate voiceconvincing limitation1) The president needs to _ give __ more _ thought_ to the problem before he makes a decision.2) The manager could not _ tolerate__ his __ excuse__ for missing work.3) I have been waiting to _ receive___ my refund _ check_ from the television company.4) It took a very long time for him to _ realize__ his _ limitations___ as an athlete.5) The leader spoke in such a _ convincing__ _ voice__ that everyone accepted his estimates on the economy.2. Word Formation —Compound (复合词)Examples:…I was sitting there red-faced and quiet, …(Para. 10, Passag e A)red a. + face n. +ed →red-faced a.（因尴尬，羞愧等）脸红的Please think and find out the meanings of the compounding words in italics of the following:1) Anna and Vera entered for a three-legged race. 三条腿的2) The number of envious, prejudiced, cold-hearted and selfish people will no doubt decrease. 冷漠的3) After a long time, there came out a sleepy-eyed but lovely boy. 黑皮肤的4) We need a wide-mouthed bottle to take the pickles. 睡眼惺忪的5) It is hard to relate her to the dark-skinned Africans in the least. 口开得很大的106) To be a deep-lunged singer he needs to practice his voice harder. 声音洪亮的7) Leaders who neglect education are neither far-sighted nor mature, and they are therefore unable to lead the drive for modernization. 有远见的8) His sharp-tongued criticism made me realize how far I have come. 尖刻的113. Banked ClozeSelect words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms.bothered fiction excited embarrassed senseneither hurt communication concepts internalexternal exciting either perceptions wholenessThe differences in communicative types between Easterners and Westerners often lead to many false (1)__ perceptions __ of each other. For example, Westerners typically aren’t terribly (2)__ bothers____ with directness, while Asians can sometimes be (3)_ hurt___ by it. Asians typically have a strong (4)__ concept __ of humility resulting in more indirect methods of communicating. The notion that you will (5)_ hurt___ an Asian’s feelings by being d irect is probably (6)__ fiction____, but while in Asia Westerners should take care not to offend. In most cases, Asians are aware of this and can be quite (7) ___ excited___ to speak with people from other cultures, so (8)__ neither____ side should be blamed for misunderstandings. Sometimes, Westerners have an (9)__ internal_____ need to make sure they understand and are being clearly understood that can seem rude to Asian eyes and ears. If those from the West and East are aware of some of the cultural differences in communicating then there will be a (10)__ wholeness____ to the global community that will eventually end up in unity.4. Study the following models, and complete the sentences by translating the Chinese into English.Model 1: Some say they understand none of it, as if she were speaking pure Chinese.1) She loves the boy __ as if she were his mother ___ (就好像她是他的母亲一样)．2) The child talked to us __ as if he were a grown up ___(像个成年人似的)．Model 2: But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited...3) It sounds ___ as if it is raining____(像是在下雨)．4) He talks ____ as if he is drunk_____(他是醉了)．Model 3: the fact that people…, oreven acted as if they didn’t hear her.5) You look __ as if you didn’t care______(好像并不在乎)．6) He talks __ as if he knew where she was___ (好像他知道她在哪里似的)．16Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets.那部老片子唤起了我对童年的回忆.( evoke )That old film evoked memories of my childhood.2. 他对别人如何看待自己从来不太意. ( concerned about)He has never been concerned about what other people think of him.3. 一个看不见、听不着的信息，根据定义来说是无效的.( by definition)A message that cannot be seen or heard is, by definition, not effective.4. 学生们被他的思想吸引住了.( be fascinated by )The students were fascinated by his ideas.5. 你能理解这位作者在说什么吗(make sense of)Can you make (any) sense of what the writer is sayingII. Vocabulary and Structurewords from what are given and fill in the blanks in the following sentences. Change the form where necessary.1) After lunch Carey _ challenged___ me to a game of tennis.2) The thief _ snatched _ her purse and ran.3) What was Jeff's _ reaction __when you told him about the job4) The health department is ___ stepping up _____ efforts to reduce teenage smoking.5) We've not had a new car for years. _ No wonder ___, as we've hardly any money.6) The lawyer told the judge that Kennedy had no ___ previous _____ convictions.7) I would _ expect _ him _ to_ be the kind of person, who is loving, caring and happy all the time.8) The land was returned to its _ original __ owner.9) Her ___ objection __ was that he was too young.10) The girl __ murmured ___ something polite, and smiled.2. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given.1) Hunting is a profession criticized by many people—_ No wonder the number of hunters becomes less and less ___.(难怪打猎的人越来越少)(no wonder)2) In less than ten years _ it develops from a seed__ __ into a full-grown tree___.(它就会从一粒种子长成一棵枝叶繁茂的大树) (develop from …into…)3) __ The shuttle bus runs back and forth __(班车往返) between the airport and the downtown area. (shuttle bus, back and forth)4) Many workers _ sympathized with striking miners_ (支持那些正在罢工的矿工). (sympathize with )5) ____ They carried on a curious conversation__(他们进行了一次奇特的谈话), never looking at each other. (carry on )I. Reading ComprehensionTry to answer the questions in the fewest possible words or complete the sentences based on what you learned from the text.1. How can the author and her husband communicate with the local peopleWith the author’s French and her husband Mandarin.do Chinese visitors feel at ease in Halong BayHere if you speak Mandarin, many people can reply in it.3. How do the Vietnamese people think about their tourism industryThe Vietnamese have understood that tourism is an important industry that can bring lots of money into a country.4. Why does the author think that China doesn’t SELL its tourismChina doesn’t advertise imaginatively, offer solid information and provide service s and experiences that will make visitors come back again and again.5. Are the Vietnamese more talented than the Chinese What is the differenceThe difference is that they have understood the value of language as a tool in attracting travelers and businessmen (and their funds).II. Test Zone1.1)【答案】B【解析】此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。

Key to Unit 3Text A Public Attitudes Toward Science课前预习Directions: Read the text and find out the English versions for the following expressions.1.享有特权的少数人 a privileged minority ,2.大多数民众the vast minority of population ,3.将时钟拨回到从前put the clock back to an earlier age ,4.阻止未来的进一步发展prevent further advances in the future ,5.带来技术的发展bring about advances in technology ,6.压制新生事物suppress anything new ,7.人的积极极性和创造力human initiative and inventiveness ,8.延缓变化的速度slow down the rate of change ,9.确保方向正确的变化ensure the changes in the right direction ,10.在一个民主社会in a democratic society ,11.做出明智的决定make informed decisions ,12.对科学抱着矛盾的态度be in two minds about science ,13.生活水平的稳步提高the steady increase in the standard of living ,14.科幻小说science fiction ,15.利用这种兴趣harness this interest ,16.以一种枯燥乏味的方式in a dry and uninteresting manner ,17.认识其与世界的联系see its relevance to the world ,18.通俗读物popular books ,19.倾向于做某事tend to do sth. ,20.科学概念scientific concepts ,21.用文字和图表表述convey sth. by words and diagrams ,22.提供基本框架provide the basic framework ,23.阐明新的发展put across new developments ,24.小部分人 a small proportion of the population ,25.科学奇迹scientific wonders ,26.负有教育民众的重任have a responsibility to educate the public ,27.娱乐民众entertain the public ,28.危机四伏be filled with dangers ,29.接触外星文明contact an alien civilization ,30.充分相信have sufficient faith in sth. ,巩固应用I. Directions: Now you’ve learned Text A in detail. Let’s check how much you’ve learned from it! Please translate the Chinese expressions in the following sentences into English. Be sure you use expressions from the text.1.Whether you believe it or not (信不信由你)，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.,2.We saw /viewed this event as a turning point (把这件事看作是一个转折点). ,3.I can’t afford a car, so I guess I will have to do without (就只好不用了) . ,4.Forget all about it and look to the future; you can’t put the clock back (让时光倒流). ,5.He can’t see, nor could he hear (他还听不见) until a month ago. ,6.I have come to realize (逐渐意识到) that what I have done is misguided.,7.As was mentioned in my last letter (正如上封信中所提到的)，I’ll be back in Ohio in June. ,8.I am wearing twice as much as I usually do (是平时穿的两倍) because of the cold weather. ,ter, I’ll prove what you say wrong (证明你所说的是错的). ,II. Language FocusEx. I. Translate the following English expressions into Chinese and Chinese into English.1.The line of products will be highly profitable.这个行业的产品将十分有利可图2.regain health 恢复健康3.the right attitude towards science 对科学的正确态度(P69-Cloze 1-4.the proportion of the population that………人口的比例5.make discoveries that have practical value 做出具有实际应用价值的发现2-6. a glass wire 光纤7.endless number of new discoveries 无穷无尽的新发现2-8.in a space station in orbit around the earth 在一个围绕地球轨道运行的空间站2-9.扔掉这些旧椅子get rid of these old chairs10.及时的帮助timely help11.做出精确的预言make accurate predictions I-3-3)12.对……迟疑不决be undecided about II-2)13.山区the mountainous region14.缺少，不足be undersupplied with II-3)15.提出……的要求作为demand... as…16.在做某事上有困难have difficulty (in) doing sth.17.总的来说on balance18.优点多于缺点Strengths outweigh weaknesses.19.对……怀疑be distrustful of sth.Ex. II. Please translate the Chinese expressions in the following sentences into English. Be sure to use expressions from the exercises.1.As pace of life quickens (随着生活的节奏加快), things tend to change fast in the city.2.The decision on the new project is made on the basis of scientific study (在科学研究的基础之上).3.We have succeeded because we had the foresight to invest in new technology (投资于新技术的先见之明).4.Only a minority of people support military action. The majority are for a peaceful solution (赞成和平解决).5.Applicants who meet our job requirements (符合我们的工作要求) are accepted, those whofall short (不符合条件的) are rejected.6.As is shown by history (正如历史所表明的), local clashes may lead to a global war.III. Language EnhancementEx. I. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.1. 无论你是否相信，我们的家乡在过去的十年间发生了许多变化，而且在未来的十年里变化会更多。