(完整版)被动语态的基本用法(已整理)

被动语态的基本用法

(一) 语态分类

英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语中常用“被”“由”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be上,实义动词始终用过去分词形式。

歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。例如：

一般现在时：am / is / are +动词的过去分词

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.（主动语态）

Rice is grown （by people）in the south of the country.（被动语态）

(2)We water flowers every day.

Flowers are watered (by us) every day.

一般过去时：was / were +动词的过去分词

He opened the door.他开了门。(主动语态)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动语态)

含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词

(1)You must hand in your homework after class.

Your homework must be handed in after class.

(2)He can write many letters with the computer.

Many letters can be written with the computer by him.

一般将来时：shall / will + be+动词的过去分词或者is/are going to+动词的过去分词

(1)They will hold a meeting tomorrow.

A meeting will be held (by them) tomorrow.

(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done

(三)被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：

The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法

歌诀：一勾二变三换位（关键在于勾出谓语动词，并确定是什么时态）

一勾：勾出原句谓语动词；二变：把谓语变成被动结构(be＋动词过去分词)，时态、人称和

数的变化主要体现在be上；三换位：把主动语态的宾语变成主语，主语变成by+宾语/宾格（歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟）

All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the factory.

My aunt invited me to her dinner party. →I was invited to her dinner party (by my aunt ).

(五)注意的问题

1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We bought a new computer. →A new computer was bought by us.

2. 对执行者提问用who …by? 如：A new computer was bought by us.→Who was a new computer bought by?/By whom was a new computer bought?

用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)

st year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．

2. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

3. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

4.Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

5. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

6. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.

7. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming yesterday.

8. Look! Someone __________(dance).

按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。

1.The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)

An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.

2. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)

__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?

选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built

B. Was; built

C. Does; build

D. Did ; build

( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happened

( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown

B. are grown

C. grows

D. grow

( )4.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. is known

D. was known

( )5.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written

B. was; written by

C. did; written

D. was; written

( ) 6.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after

B. must be looked after

C. must look after

D. looked after

( )7.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened