培根的写作风格(英文)

Francis Bacon(1561-1626)Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans,[1] KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, philosopher, statesman statesman , , scientist, scientist, scientist, lawyer, lawyer, lawyer, jurist jurist , , author author author and and and pioneer pioneer pioneer of of of the the the scientific scientific scientific method. method. method. He He served both as A ttorney General Attorney General and  and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution . Bacon has been called the father of empiricism .[2] His works established and popularised inductive inductive methodologies methodologies methodologies for for for scientific scientific inquiry, inquiry, often often often called called called the the Baconian method , , or or simply simply the the the scientific scientific method . . His His His demand demand demand for for for a a a planned planned planned procedure procedure procedure of of of investigating investigating investigating all all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments. Bacon Bacon was was was knighted knighted knighted in in in 1603, 1603, 1603, and and and created created created both both both the the the Baron Baron Baron V erulam V erulam in in in 1618, 1618, 1618, and and and the the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his his death. death. death. He He He famously famously famously died died died of of of pneumonia pneumonia contracted contracted while while while studying studying studying the the the effects effects effects of of freezing on the preservation of meat. Position in the history of literature Despite the fanatical claims (and very un-Baconian credulity) of a few admirers, it is a virtual virtual certainty certainty certainty that that that Bacon Bacon Bacon did did not write write the the the works works works traditionally traditionally traditionally attributed attributed attributed to to to William William Shakespeare. Even so, the Lord Chancellor’s high place in the history of English literatureas well as his influential role in the development of English prose style remain well-established well-established and and and secure. secure. secure. Indeed Indeed Indeed even even even if if if Bacon Bacon Bacon had had had produced produced produced nothing nothing nothing else else else but but but his his masterful Essayes (first (first published published published in in in 1597 1597 1597 and and and then then then revised revised revised and and and expanded expanded expanded in in in 1612 1612 1612 and and 1625), he would still rate among the top echelon of 17th-century English authors. And so when we take into account his other writings, e.g., his histories, letters, and especially his major philosophical and scientific works, we must surely place him in the first rank of English English literature’s literature’s literature’s great great great men men men of of of letters letters letters and and and among among among its its its finest finest finest masters masters masters (alongside (alongside (alongside names names like Johnson, Mill, Carlyle, and Ruskin) of non-fiction prose. Bacon’s StyleBacon’s Bacon’s style, style, style, though though though elegant, elegant, elegant, is is is by by by no no no means means means as as as simple simple simple as as as it it it seems seems seems or or or as as as it it it is is often described. described. In In In fact fact fact it it it is is is actually actually actually a a a fairly fairly fairly complex complex complex affair affair affair that that that achieves achieves achieves its its its air air air of of of ease ease ease and and clarity more through its balanced cadences, natural metaphors, and carefullyarranged symmetries than through the use of plain words, commonplace ideas, andstraightforward syntax. (In this connection it is noteworthy that in the revised versions (In this connection it is noteworthy that in the revised versions of of the the the essays essays essays Bacon Bacon Bacon seems seems seems to to to have have have deliberately deliberately deliberately disrupted disrupted disrupted many many many of of of his his his earlier earlier earlier balanced balanced effects to produce a style that is actually more jagged and, in effect, more challenging to the casual reader.) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 何新译文：读书可以作为消遗，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。

of study培根英文原文读后感Title: Reflection on "Of Study" by Francis BaconIntroduction"Of Study" is an essay written by Francis Bacon, a prominent English philosopher and statesman, in which he discusses the importance of study in the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. In this essay, Bacon emphasizes the benefits of study, highlights the different types of studies, and provides practical advice on how to study effectively. Through his insightful observations and persuasive arguments, Bacon encourages readers to engage in the pursuit of knowledge and self-improvement through study.AnalysisBacon begins his essay by stating that "studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability." This sets the tone for the rest of the essay, as Bacon goes on to elaborate on the various benefits of study. He argues that study can bring pleasure and enrichment to one's life, as well as enhance one's skills and abilities. Bacon also distinguishes between different types of studies, including those that are practical and utilitarian, such as the study of science and philosophy, and those that are moreaesthetic and intellectual, such as the study of literature and history.Bacon also provides practical advice on how to study effectively. He emphasizes the importance of reading as a form of study, stating that "reading maketh a full man." Bacon suggests that readers should focus on quality over quantity when choosing books to read, and should take notes and reflect on what they have read in order to deepen their understanding. Bacon also advises readers to engage in discussions and debates with others in order to sharpen their reasoning and communication skills.ConclusionIn conclusion, "Of Study" by Francis Bacon is athought-provoking and insightful essay on the importance of study in the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. Bacon's arguments are well-reasoned and persuasive, and his practical advice on how to study effectively is invaluable. By encouraging readers to engage in the pursuit of knowledge andself-improvement through study, Bacon inspires us to become lifelong learners and to constantly seek to expand our minds and improve ourselves. Overall, "Of Study" is a timeless and inspiring piece of writing that continues to resonate with readers today.。

介绍培根哲学家的作文哎呀，今天我们来聊聊一个人，名叫培根。

他可是哲学界的老前辈，有点像我们现代的科学家和思想家的混合体。

别急着打瞌睡，这可不是枯燥的历史课，而是关于一个充满智慧和幽默感的大人物的故事。

首先，得介绍一下培根这个人。

你知道他是谁吗？是的，就是那个很爱写东西的家伙，不是培根肉哦，哈哈。

他的全名是弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon），是个英国人，生活在16世纪末到17世纪初。

要是你问我，培根的哲学是什么，简而言之，就是“试试再说”。

听起来简单吧？实际上他提倡通过观察和实验来了解世界，不是光凭想象就能明白的。

来，我们假设你是我的小伙伴，一起探讨下培根的哲学。

想象一下，我们在咖啡馆里，边喝咖啡边聊：“嘿，你听说过培根吗？”我问。

“嗯，是那个做研究的牛人，对吧？”你回答道，眼神中透露出一丝困惑。

“没错，他就是那个‘实验主义’的开创者。

他提倡的就是我们得通过实际的尝试和观察来得出结论，而不是光靠脑袋里胡思乱想。

”“哦，像我们做实验的时候，得先有一个假设，然后再去验证？所以他其实是一个很实用的家伙？”你一边理解一边点头。

“对啊，培根的哲学就是反对那种空洞的理论，他觉得我们得脚踏实地来了解世界。

他说得好听点就是‘知识就是力量’，实际点就是要真正做点事，才能知道东西的真相。

”在讨论中，你开始越来越觉得培根的理念挺靠谱。

接着，我们可以聊聊他的一个小故事：“听说培根曾经在一场雪天中实验过，真的，”我笑着说，“他为了证明雪能隔绝寒冷，就用雪覆盖着一只鸡的尸体，结果鸡的尸体竟然没坏。

哎，这个实验可真是有趣！”“哈哈，这么奇怪的实验？培根真是个怪人，不过这样的实验很有意思。

他可能就是觉得，做了实验才知道东西是不是如他所想的那样。

”你笑着说，显然对培根的实验充满了好奇。

除了做实验，培根还写了很多东西。

他有一本叫《新工具》的书，里面讲了很多他对科学方法的看法。

就像他的思想一样，这本书也是实用的，读起来不至于让人昏昏欲睡。

On StudiesBaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, butmay be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。

对比Of Studies的四种译文。

哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？OF STUDIESFrancis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书（译文1）读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。

Of Studies-- ( UK) Francis Bacon (l56l—l626) Studies serve for delight，for ornament，and for ability．Their chief use for delight，is in privateness and retiring for ornament，is in discourse; and for ability，is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute，and perhaps judge of particulars，one by one；but the general counsels，and the plots and marshalling of affairs，come best from those that are learned．To spend too much time in studies is sloth；to use them too much of ornament is affectation；to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar．They perfect nature，and are perfected by experience：for natural abilities are like natural plants，that need proyning by study and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large，except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies，Simple men admire them，and wise men use them；for they teach not their own use；but that is a wisdom without them，and above them，won by observation．Read not to contradict and confute；nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider．Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested；that is, some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read，but not curiously；and some few to be read wholly，and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy，and extracts made of them by others；but that would be only in the less important arguments，and the meaner sort of books；else distilled are，like common distilled waters，flashy things Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have much cunning; to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study 1111the mathematics; forin demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

英国艺术家---弗朗西斯-培根弗朗西斯·培根—Francis Bacon岁末年初，这位已故英国艺术家的大型回顾展在澳大利亚举行。

从中观众可以看到，随着他的人生进入不同阶段，他的技术如何发展，主题内容如何变换，正如他自己所言，“我的一生都记录在作品中。

”英国最富有的艺术家达明·赫斯特，在钻石头骨和鲨鱼尸体卖出高价之后，斥巨资收入弗兰西斯·培根的5幅作品，作为自己的收藏。

俄罗斯巨富、美国对冲基金经理、卡塔尔王室和英国足球俱乐部老板同样对培根趋之若鹜，他们甚至愿意支付8600万美元将他具有惊悚美感的作品挂在墙上。

他们都对孤独、扭曲的形象感同身受吗他们也与培根的孤独、焦虑、尖叫的教皇心灵相通吗弗兰西斯·培根(1909-1992)无疑是20世纪杰出的艺术大师。

他对油彩的全新运用构建出这个世纪的伟大形象，他不断扭动笔刷，辅以毛纺织物、蜡笔、调色刀、喷漆等工具和材料，甚至以创造/破坏的姿态将颜料投向画布，这类充满暴力色彩的图景，却是艺术家通过丰富耐心和独特品位精心设计的。

尽管很多人认可培根为20世纪下半叶最伟大的具象画家，那些未被其流畅笔触和丰富配色征服的人也许会给他贴上“堕落的怪物”或“20世纪灵魂暗面”之类的标签。

面对扭曲的人物肖像、尖叫的教皇、歇斯底里的商人和奇形怪状的野兽，英国前首相玛格丽特·撒切尔在政时，曾经对培根有过一个著名的评价：“描绘恐怖图景的可怕男人”。

对培根的评价常常趋于两极，爱戴他的人相信培根是在为人类经验中的原始、不安和恐惧作像。

艺术家卢西安·弗洛伊德常年将培根的作品挂在床脚，一刻都不愿意其离开自己的视线。

而赫斯特对这位心中的英雄不吝赞美之辞：“培根与戈雅同等地位。

他拥有这样的勇气，进入地狱，与黑暗的物质角力。

他最好的作品，会让你战栗不已。

”培根最好的图像，会让赫斯特想起“在噩梦中到过的地方”。

培根本人一次在提及自己的作品时表示，他希望自己的画看起来“就像有人刚刚经过”，“像蜗牛留下黏液一样，留下人类存在的痕迹”。

培根论读书的散文风格培根的散文风格独具一格，其特点之一是简明扼要。

在他的散文中，他尽量用简练的语言表达复杂的观点，以使读者更易理解。

他不喜欢冗长的句子和繁琐的修辞，而是追求精炼和准确。

例如，在他的著作《论读书》中，他写道：“读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理修养使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。

”这段话简明扼要地表达了不同学科对人的影响，同时也展示了培根的思维方式：简洁而有力。

培根的散文风格具有逻辑性和条理性。

培根在文章中善于运用逻辑推理和组织结构，使读者易于理解和跟随他的思路。

他通常采用分段和标题的方式，将不同的观点和论证进行分类和整理。

例如，在《论读书》中，他分别从历史、诗歌、数学、科学、伦理修养和逻辑修辞等方面探讨了读书的益处，并为每个方面都设置了标题，以便读者更好地理解和记忆。

这种逻辑性和条理性的写作方式，使培根的散文具有清晰的结构和易于阅读的特点。

培根的散文风格还富有感情色彩。

尽管他追求简洁和逻辑，但在他的散文中，常常透露出他对读书的热爱和对知识的渴望。

他认为读书是一种精神上的享受和提升，是人类智慧的源泉和养料。

他写道：“阅读使人充实，对话使人敏捷，写作使人精确。

”这种对读书的赞美和热情，使培根的散文在冷静的逻辑之下，又流露出一种温暖的人文关怀。

培根的散文风格还注重实用性和应用性。

他的散文不仅仅是纯粹的文学作品，更是一种实用的人生指南。

他认为读书应该是为了获取知识和智慧，而非空洞的娱乐或虚无的自我满足。

他强调读书应该是有目的和有计划的，读者应该选择对自己有益的书籍，并通过阅读来提升自己的智慧和能力。

他写道：“读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理修养使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。

”这种实用性和应用性的观点，使培根的散文在当时备受推崇，也对后来的散文写作产生了深远的影响。

培根的散文风格独具一格，以简明扼要、逻辑性和条理性、感情色彩、实用性和应用性为特点。

of studies中英对照“读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人精确。

”这是培根在《Of Studies》中的名言。

这篇文章是一篇关于学习的文章，作者培根认为学习是人类成长的必经之路，而在学习中阅读、讨论和写作是不可或缺的三个环节。

下面我们将对这篇文章进行中英对照的解读。

英文原文：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.中文翻译：学习有三种作用：一是为了愉悦，二是为了装饰，三是为了能力。