宾语从句
一、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为：以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1、that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中that 可以省略。
I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book.
We’re all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.
Do you think (that) it will rain?
We know (that) we should study hard.
2、whether或if 引导的宾语从句
Whether/if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词whether或if。
(1) 可用whether/if的情况
通常whether/if引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。
I don’t know whether/if he’ll arrive in time.
I am wondering whether/if they would believe in me.
I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.
(2)只能用whether，不能用if的情况
A、引导介词的宾语从句时
I’m thinking of whether we should go shopping.
I’m not interested in whether she’ll be invited.
B、与or not 直接连用时
I can’t say whether or not he will come on time.
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.
C、宾语从句提前时
Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.
3、连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。
Do you know who will teach us English term?(作主语）
Did you hear what she said?（作宾语）
I don’t know whose the football is.（作表语）
Could you tell me which book is better?(作定语）
4、连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where, how,why及“how+形容词/副词”短语等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略。
We didn’t know when you usually go to school.
I want to know where he bought this cup.
Can you tell me how I get to the bus station?
Please explain why you were late for class again.
“How+形容词/副词”短语主要有how old,how many, how much,how long,how often,how far,how soon等。
Do you know how old your father is this year?
二、重点考点
1、宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导，引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。
I am wondering if you could help me.
He asked me when we should start out the next day.
Did you find out where she lost her car?
2、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则：
（1）主句为现在时态或将来时态时
主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响。
I know you don’t know what i think at all.
I know he didn’t tell you that he would come then.
I’ll let you know whether I’ll come or not directly I check my plan.
（2）主句为过去时态时
主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know which country he was in.
He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
特别提示:从句若表示客观事实或真理，谓语用一般现在时。
My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3、宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致，且用肯定形式。
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.
I didn’t believe that was his fault,was it?
三、宾语从句的注意事项
不能省略that的情况
在that引导的宾语从句中，连词that只起引导作用，不在句中担当任何成分。因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略，但在下列情况不能省略：
