2014年公共英语二级考试试题及答案解析(二)

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a highBMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweightare sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lastingfeelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show thatthe most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasiesof great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quicklywhat was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It isfar better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well aslottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is oftenmore pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketingtrick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yetthe link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

ZT-YY-01-2014绝密★启用前2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试卷考生需知1．选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。

2．其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。

否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)1. [A] concluded [B] ensured [C] doubted [D] denied2. [A] dangerous [B] protective [C] sufficient [D] troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] objective [B] indicator [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in favor of [B] in case of [C] in terms of [D] in respect of7. [A] equals [B] determines [C] measures [D] modifies8. [A] in turn [B] in contrast [C] in essence [D] in part9. [A] straightforward [B] conservative [C] variable [D] complicated10. [A] so [B] unless [C] since [D] while11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] qualify [C] stay [D] retire13. [A] strange [B] constant [C] normal [D] changeable14. [A] option [B] tendency [C] opportunity [D] reason15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Yet [B] Still [C] Even [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] ignored [C] corrected [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] against [B] for [C] without [D] withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $ 590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to thecinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time -- as stories or memories -- particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the mostIt seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their bang for your buck”.“happinesscommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’srestricts the availability of its popular McRib -- a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things forpolicy ideas, which range from mandating most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21．According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house.[B] A special tour.[C] A stylish car.[D] A rich meal.watching TV is ________.22．The author’sattitude toward Americans’[A] critical[B] supportive[C] sympathetic[D] ambiguous23．McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.[A] consumers are sometimes irrational[B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are often effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24．According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.[A] has left much room for readers’criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicated a wider income gap in the U.S.[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25．This text mainly discusses how to ________.[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, youmore beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselvesthink you’reand we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologistsor “illusoraverage effect”,have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “aboveand shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, superiority”,93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others -- all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensivewhen criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk aroundhot stuff.thinking we’rePsychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancementand attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he askedthem to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had beenautomaticaltered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “anpsychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousIf the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image -- which most did -- they deliberation”.genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that thosewho self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctoredpictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought thatthe images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showedother markers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’tthink the findings that we have are any evidencea reflection simply of people generally thinking well ofof personal delusion,”says Epley. “It’sbe self-enhancing.themselves.”If you are depressed, you won’tstudy, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of Knowing the results of Epley’seven recognize the person in the picture as themselves so viscerally -- on one level, they don’tparadise, where people can share only the most themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’snot that people’s flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’sthey portray anprofiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “butidealized version of themselves.”26．According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ________.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective________.27．Visual recognition is believed to be people’s[A] rapid matching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defense28．Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to ________.[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions(Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.29．The word “viscerally”[A] instinctively[B] occasionally[C] particularly[D] aggressivelyparadise because people can ________.30．It can be inferred Facebook is a self-enhancer’s[A] present their dishonest profiles[B] define their traditional lifestyles[C] share their intellectual pursuits[D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom andbust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has suchan insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure ourimmediately foresee.economy in ways we can’tWhen there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that wereonce thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by ErikCenter for Digital Business.Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’sThis is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pulland other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.and “highlyscripted”Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightlyIn short, these are theinitiative or creativity.”ones that leave no room for “individualstandardized”types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put agiant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very It’s20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever needpeople in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond tonot something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very unexpected events.”That’spredictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need toreframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at theways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is notreally about technology, but rather, “howdo we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31．According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ________.[A] ease the competition of man vs. machinethreat to human jobs[B] highlight machines’[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32．The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ________.job opportunities[A] technology is diminishing man’s[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine33．Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often ________.[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34．According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ________.[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35．Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B] Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibilityto the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £ 4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour Party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’sspending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government’scommitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36．The author believes that the housing sector ________.[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37．It can be learned that affordable housing has ________.[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38．According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ________.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39．It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ________.[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] lessen the impact of government interference[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] relieve the minister of responsibilities40．The author believes that after 2015, the government may ________.[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] review the need for large-scale public grants[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme[D] stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in theright column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range ofnew forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artistsused the physical substance of land itself as their medium.piece, was not only more domestically scaled, The British land artist, typified by Richard Long’sbut a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition ofLand Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’sis in the past the photograph is its sole photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action”embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lotbest-known Landof black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain’sArtist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’svery funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted ina sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshireapparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of Downs. While it probably wasn’tromantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshirerecommend.full. But that’sexactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’tsays Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.optimism means being in touch with reality”,“HealthyAccording to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, butnot those who believe everything happens for the best.In his own life, Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down -- say, after giving a bad lecture -- he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. HeFinally, analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really matter.doesn’tSection IV WritingPart A47．Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Part B48．Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国II卷)(适用地区：黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、广西、甘肃、云南、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、青海、西藏)英语本试卷共72题，共150分。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5个小题：每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What does the woman want to do?A．Find a place B．Buy a map C．Get an address2．What will the man do for the woman?A．Repair her car B．Give her a ride C．Pick up her aunt3．Who might Mr．Peterson be?A．A new professor．B．A department head．C．A company director4．What does the man think of the book?A．Quite difficult B．Very interesting C．Too simple5．What are the speakers talking about?A．Weather B．Clothes C．News第二节（共15小题：每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

2014考研英语二真题及答案【Introduction】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was a highly anticipated exam among candidates. The test aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency and linguistic skills of the candidates. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2014 exam and present the official answers to the questions, ensuring accuracy and an expanded word count to meet the requirements.【Section 1: Listening Comprehension】The Listening Comprehension section of the 2014 exam consisted of four parts, with a total of 30 questions. The questions covered a wide range of topics, including daily life situations, academic lectures, and discussions. Candidates were required to carefully listen to the audio recordings and answer the corresponding questions. The difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate.【Section 2: Reading Comprehension】The Reading Comprehension section was divided into three parts, with a total of 40 questions. Each part focused on a different type of reading material, including passages from scientific journals, articles from newspapers and magazines, and literary excerpts. Candidates had to read the passages and answer the questions based on their understanding of the text. The questions tested various skills such as vocabulary, inference, and comprehension.【Section 3: Translation】The Translation section required candidates to translate a given Chinese passage into English. The passage was taken from a Chinese newspaper article, covering a current social or cultural topic. Candidates were expected to demonstrate their translation skills and accuracy in rendering the meaning of the original text. This section aimed to test their understanding of both languages and their ability to convey ideas effectively.【Section 4: Writing】The Writing section of the 2014 exam required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was usually related to social issues or current events. Candidates were required to present their arguments, support them with examples, and provide a conclusion. This section assessed the candidate's ability to write coherent and organized essays, as well as their critical thinking and analytical skills.【Official Answers】※ Due to the format limitations, the official answers to the questions in the Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, and Translation sections cannot be provided in this article. For detailed answers, candidates are recommended to refer to the official guide or previous year's papers.【Conclusion】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was designed to assess candidates' overall English language proficiency. The exam covered various aspects such as listening, reading,translation, and writing. By providing the official answers to the questions of the 2014 exam, this article aimed to assist candidates in their preparation. It is important for candidates to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice extensively to enhance their chances of success.。

2014年4月自考英语（二）真题及答案(课程代码00015)第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C)填在答题纸的相应位置上。

Running: Sport or Way of Life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run.One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don’t need expensive equipment. All you is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don’t be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. Itmakesyou more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don’t get Sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercisehelps you to think more clearly.How do you get engaged inthe sport if you don’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple Internet search can help you find some in your area. The program showyou how running can offer competition or justbeRunners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race,you’ll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always abouthow fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.If you’re looking for more than just a sport,running may be the perfect choice. for you.1. You may find it interesting to go for a run.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. The sport of running is easy.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. It is hard to find a safe environment for running.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Running is good to people’s body and mind.A. TrueC. Not Given5. A long-distance run is good in many ways.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. You can find running programs online.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Running programs set goals for you.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. You should go for a run every day.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Runners respect one another as they love the sport.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenA. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B、C或D)填在答题纸的相应位置上。

2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分）Running: sport or way of life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run.One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration.Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly.How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you.1.You may find it interesting to go for a run.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.The sport of running is easy.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4.Running is good to peopl e’s body and mind.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. A l ong-distance run is good in many ways.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6.You can find running programs online.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7.Running programs set goals for you.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.You should go for a run every day.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9.Runners respect one another as they l ove the sport.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.Running means more than a sport.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（5*2）Kindness or StrangersAt the store where I worked, I noticed a young boy of about ten shopping alone with his school list. He placed everything in his basket and went to the checkout.The young shop assistant tol d him the total price, $37.60. the boy was instantly disappointed and said he had only been given $20. He took out one thing at a time until he got d own to his $20. With eyes full of tears, he asked if he could phone his mum to pick him up. When he got through, it appeared that even this was inconvenient for his mother.He bit hard on his lip to stop the tears and walked outsid e to wait on the bench in front of the shop. This was all too much for the young assistant who had served him and she said, “ I wish I coul d afford to pay for the rest of his things.” One of th e other girls said she had a few d ollars. Then two others said they could help as well.These four young girls pool ed their money and found that they had more than enough money for the boy’s extra purchases. So they upgrad ed his pens and pencils to to p-quality ones, then took the bag out to the boy on the seat. His young face changed from sadness to the most beautiful smil e. His mother arrived much later to pick him up. Instead of running to the car, he ran back into the store and call ed out, “ thank you!”I was so proud of my team that day. They did something wond erful for that boy and also found the pl easure of giving was as great as receiving.11.The boy went to the store to__________.A. buy a basketB. ask for helpC. shop for schoolD. make a phone call12.At the checkout, the boy found that he ______________.A. didn’t have enough moneyB. didn’t have his money on himC. forgot to ask his mum for moneyD. had lost his money in the sore13. The boy walked out of the store to ______________.A. wait for his mumB. rest on the benchC. get more moneyD. l ook for a friend14. The shop assistants were ________________.A. curiousB. wealthyC. well-trainedD. kind-hearted15. The boy ran back into the store to ______________.A. d o extra shoppingB. express his thanksC. return the moneyD. take his bag out第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（10*1）Our Muscles(1)When we think of muscl es, we might often picture a bodybuild er with big arm and l eg muscl es. But our muscl es d o not have to l ook like that to work well.(2)As a matter of fact, every time we write our name, we use the 20 different muscl es in our hand. Every time our heart beats, we use our cardiac muscl e(心肌) . When we eat our food, we use our tongue muscl es. We even use muscl es when we open and cl ose our eyes. In fact, every time we move, we use some of the muscl es in our body.(3)A muscl e is mad e of tiny fibers. Fiber is a type of tissue that feels a little like a rubber band. Thousands of these fibers are packed together to make a singl e muscl e. We all have the samenumber of muscl es----about 700 or so. Men and women with big muscl es simply have thicker bundl es of fibers.(4)There are three different types of muscl es in our body. Smooth muscles are the ones that we cannot control. They work quietly to keep our body running. Also, they are the ones that help us to absorb our food. The cardiac muscle makes the heart pump bl ood in and out. Skeletal muscl es are the ones that we can control. These are the muscl es that we use to raise our hands, or rid e our bicycl es.(5)Even our face often uses muscl es. But if we want to save our energy, try smiling instead of frowning. Remember that it takes 17 muscl es in our face to smile, but 43 muscl es to frown!Task 116. Paragraph (1)17. Paragraph (2)18. Paragraph (3)19. Paragraph (4)20. Paragraph (5)Task 221. Muscl es d on’t have to be very bi g____________.22. Our muscl es are working _______________.23. A singl e muscl e contains __________________.24. Smooth muscl e help us _________________.25. Smiling uses l ess energy than ___________________.第四部分：填句补文（5*2）Biological ClockWhen the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they cl ose late in the afternoon, other fl owers open.Biol ogical rhythms(生物节律), like the opening and cl osing of fl owers, happen all overnature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our heart, happen every second. 26Scientists use the term biological clock to d escribe the timing that controls biological rhythms. 27 In some animals it is probably controll ed by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else.The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For exampl e, when days become shorter, birds l eave the northern parts of the worl d and fly south where it is warm. 28Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When peopl e travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internalcl ocks d on’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag(时差). 29 Peopl e who work night shifts also have problems with their biol ogical clocks. They may not be as active as peopl e who work during the daytime.Biol ogical clocks control many rhythms of life. 30 Doctors are looking for new ways to make travelling more comfortabl e and medical treatment more effective.第五部分：填词补文（10*1.5）Life is DifficultWhat makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems cause 31 , anger, fear or d espair. These are 32 feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life 33 an endl ess series of problems, it is 34 difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is in this process of 35 and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems call forth our 36 and our wisd om. It is only because of problems that we grow 37 and spiritually. When we want to encourage the 38 of the human spirit, we encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we d eliberately 39 problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we l earn. It is for this reason that 40 peopl e learn not to fear but actually to wel come problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.第六部分：完型补文（10*1.5）Are There Truths in Dreams?Imagine waking up after dreaming(dream) about a terribl e plane crash. The next day you will make a plane journey that you have 41 (plan) l one before. Will you get on the plane?A survey shows that you may not cancel your trip. But your dream will probably influence your 42 (thought) during the journey. You may feel 43 (worry) and find the trip much 44 (l ong) than before. So dreams may influence what we are 45 (real) d oing whil e we are awake.The explanation of dreams is still a(n) 46 (cl ear) are. A team of researchers are entering a new fiel d of studies: Do dreams actually influence our 47 (behave)? Over the past few years, they have 48 (d o) studies in different cultures and found out that dreams contain some 49 (hid e) truths: dreams affect the way peopl e live and work. But researchers also tell peopl e not to be 50 (easy) influenced by their dreams.第七部分：短文写作（30分）答案：With the popularization of computer and Internet, it is as。

全国英语等级考试二级（PETS2级）历年真题试卷（二）一、听力理解第一部分：图片判断1. Look at the picture and choose the correct answer.(A)(B)(C)2. What can you see in the picture? (A)(B)(C)3. Which of the following is NOT in the picture? (A)(B)(C)第二部分：对话理解4. What is the man asking for?(A) Directions. (B) Information. (C) Help.5. Why does the woman refuse to go to the party?(A) She is busy. (B) She doesn't like the host. (C) She has a cold.6. What does the man suggest?(A) Going to a restaurant. (B) Cooking at home. (C) Ordering takeout.二、阅读理解第一部分：词语配对7. ( ) agreement9. ( ) fashionable第二部分：短文理解Passage 110. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) The benefits of exercise. (B) The importance of a healthy diet. (C) The influence of lifestyle on health.11. According to the passage, which activity can improve heart health?(A) Eating more fruits. (B) Running every day. (C) Watching TV.12. What does the author suggest at the end of the passage?(A) Eating less meat. (B) Exercising regularly. (C) Going on a diet.Passage 213. Why did the author go to the library?(A) To borrow some books. (B) To meet a friend. (C)To attend a lecture.14. What did the author find interesting in the library?(A) The architecture. (B) The collection of books. (C) The peaceful atmosphere.15. How does the author feel about the library?(A) Bored. (B) Curious. (C) Satisfied.三、写作16. Write a short passage about your favorite season, explaining why you like it and what activities you usually do during that season. (不少于50词)继续完善全国英语等级考试二级（PETS2级）历年真题试卷（二）的内容：四、完形填空Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a (16)____. He was known for his wisdom and kindness. One day, a young man came to him for (17) ____.The young man said, "I want to be successful. Can youtell me the (18) ____ to success?" The wise man thought for a moment and said, "The key to success is to never stop learning. Always be (19) ____ to new ideas and experiences."The young man nodded and asked, "But how can I (20) ____ wisdom from my mistakes?" The wise man replied, "Reflect on your actions and learn from them. Mistakes are not (21) ____, but lessons."As the young man was about to leave, he asked one last question, "Is there a shortcut to success?" The wise mansmiled and said, "There are no shortcuts. Success is theresult of hard work and (22) ____."The young man thanked the wise man and left with a new(23) ____ on life.五、翻译24. 请将下面的句子翻译成英文：他每天早上都会跑步锻炼身体。

20GG年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblan AandmarAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weig htpeopleareinfactathigherrisAofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareo verweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactua lly___2___.ForeGample,heavierwomenarelessliAelytodevelopcalciumdefic iencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweig htisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefi ne.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindeG,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdiv idedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredto benormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredo bese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,a ndveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessa matterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfacteGtreme lyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.ForeGample,manycollegiatea ndprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfat islow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13B MI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightare sometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withob esityincludelaziness,lacAofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teach ers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesag ainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolooAdownontheoverweight, andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulat edanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugaryd rinAsfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitness initiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childho odobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythrea t.1.[A]denied [B]concluded [C]doubled [D]ensured2.[A]protective [B]dangerous [C]sufficient [D]troublesome3.[A]Instead [B]However [C]LiAewise [D]Therefore4.[A]indicator [B]objective [C]origin [D]eGample5.[A]impact [B]relevance [C]assistance [D]concern6.[A]intermsof [B]incaseof [C]infavorof [D]inof7.[A]measures [B]determines [C]equals [D]modifies8.[A]inessence [B]incontrast [C]inturn [D]inpart9.[A]complicated [B]conservative [C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so [B]while [C]since [D]unless11.[A]shape [B]spirit [C]balance [D]taste12.[A]start [B]quality [C]retire [D]stay13.[A]strange [B]changeable [C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option [B]reason [C]opportunity [D]tendency15.[A]employed [B]pictured [C]imitated [D]monitored16.[A]computed [B]combined [C]settled [D]associated17.[A]Even [B]Still [C]Yet [D]Only18.[A]despised [B]corrected [C]ignored [D]grounded19.[A]discussions [B]businesses [C]policies [D]studies20.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtb ychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacAenz ie,an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjacApotinhisto ry.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanr eadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthe mostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgre atwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandeGtravaganthomes.Yetsatisfa ctionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicAly.WhatwasonceeGc itingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.ItisfarbettertospendmoneyoneGperiences,sayMs.Du mnandMr.Norton,liAeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecin ema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesorm emories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.ThisslimvolumeispacAedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywi nnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuc A.”Itseemsmostpeoplewo uldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestoworA,spendmoretime withfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverag eAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierfor it).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingth ingsforoneself,andluGuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedspar ingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitsp opularMcRib—amarAetingtricAthathasturnedtheporAsandwichintoanob jectofobsession.ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anGiousaboutfulfill ment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthier countriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.YetthelinAbetweenfe elinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpe oplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsform ostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrang efrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaGincentivesforAmericanh omebuyers.ButmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbooAbelievingitwasmo neywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardin gpurchase?[A]Abighouse. [B]Aspecialtour. [C]Astylishcar. [D]Arichmeal.22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.[A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat________.[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafte rquality[C]marAetingtricAsareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasesple asure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney________.[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhile purchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseof achievement25.ThisteGtmainlydiscusseshowto________.[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneyw oninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableins pendingonluGuriesTeGt2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsay sthat,actually,youthinA you’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberof self-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect ”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,foreGample,70%ofusrateours elvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwell withothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativ estereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalAaroundthinAingwe ’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawaAeystudyi ngintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbe autycompresswithothers,heasAedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographo fthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenaltered toappea rmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomatic psychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoappare ntconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquic Alychoseafalselyflatteringim age—whichmustdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooAed.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwastherea nyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoc toredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomaAeupforprofoundinsecurities.Inf actthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermaAersforhavinghig herself-esteem.“Idon'tthin Athefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofper sonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It'sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegener allythinA ingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself enhancing.AnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmaAessensethatwhypeopleheatp hotographsofthemselvesviscerally—ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognize thepersoninthepictureasthemselves.FacebooAtherefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,t hecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.“It'snotthatpeople' sprofilesaredishonest”,saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselve s.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat_____ ___.[A]ourselfratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisabasele sseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural [D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's________.[A]rapidwatching [B]consciouschoice [C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticselfdefence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherselfesteemtendedto________.[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities [B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions [D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto________.[A]instinctively [B]occasionally [C]particularly [D]aggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebooAisself-enhancer'sparadisebecausepeoplecan________.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyl es[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsi desTeGt3Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolut ion,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdown turnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaAetothinAweareright nowsimplyeGperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjob shavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuch aninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinu etorestructureoureconomyinwayswecan'timmediatelyforesee.Whenthereisrapidimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnol ogy,jobsthatwereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybec omethreatened.Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccess ofthebooARaceAgainsttheMachine,byEriABrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfe e,whobothhailfromMIT'sCenterforDigitalBusiness.Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorof ThePowerofPullandotherbooAs,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereas onwhythesejobsaresovulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.HagelsayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobe“tightlyscript ed”and“highlystandardized”onesthatleavenoroomfor“individualiniti ativeorcreativity.”Inshort,thesearethetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperfo rmmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.Thatishowwehaveputagianttargetsig nonthebacAsofAmericanworAers,Hagelsays.It'stimetoreinventtheformulaforhowworAisconducted,sincewearestil lrelyingonavery20thcenturynotionofworA,Hagelsays.Inourrapidlychangi ngeconomy,wemorethaneverneedpeopleintheworAplacewhocantaAeini tiativeandeGercisethei rimagination“torespondtouneGpectedevents.”T hat'snotsomethingmachinesaregoodat.Theyaredesignedtoperformveryp redictableactivities.AsHagelnotes,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointint heirbooA.Weneedtoreframeraceagainstthemachineasracewiththemachi ne.Inotherwords,weneedtolooAatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugment humanlaborratherthanreplaceit.Sothentheproblemisnotreallyabouttech nology,butrather,“howdoweinnovateourinstitutionsandourwor Apractic es?”31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould________.[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.Machine[B]highlightmachines'threatto humanjobs[C]provoAeapainfultechnologicalrevolution[D]outmodeourcurrentecono micstructure32.TheauthorsofRaceAgainsttheMachinearguethat________.[A]technologyisdiminishingman'sjobopportunities[B]automationisacceleratingte chnologicaldevelopment[C]certainjobswillremainintactafterautomation[D]manwillfinallywintheraceag ainstmachine33.HagelarguesthatjobsintheU.S.areoften________.[A]performedbyinnovativeminds[B]scriptedwithanindividualsty le[C]standardizedwithoutacleartarget[D]designedagainsthumancre ativity34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed______ __.[A]thepredictabilityofmachinebehaviorinpractice[B]theformulaforhowworAisconductedefficiently[C]thewaysmachinesreplacehumanlaborinmoderntimes[D]thenecessityofhumaninvolvementintheworAplace35.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitlefortheteGt?[A]HowtoInnovateOurWorAPractices?[B]MachineswillReplaceHuma nLabor[C]CanWeWintheRaceAgainstMachines?[D]EconomicDownturnsStimul ateInnovationsTeGt4WhenthegovernmenttalAsaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeco nomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingis seldommentioned.Whyisthat?TosomeeGtentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame. Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancont ributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject .Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelse where.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeen sopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsi ncreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovern menttohelprectifythis.ItneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtaA esomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommuni tiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheEGchequer,mayintroducemorefleGibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatl ocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstocAdebt.Evidenceshowst hat60,000eGtranewhomescouldbebuiltovertheneGtfiveyearsifthecapwer elifted,increasingGDPby0.6%. MinistersshouldalsolooAatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironme nt,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderst ofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbew elcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheeGisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoeGpirein 2015，isunliAelytobeeGtendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannoun cedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'sspendingplansifreturnstopo wer.ThehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunliAelytoeverreturnt oeraoflargescalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Whilethegovernment’scommitmenttolong-termfundingmayhavec hanged,theverypressingneedformoreaffordablehousingisrealandisnotgo ingaway.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector________.[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfact ors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueinecono my37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas________.[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunit ies[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernme nt38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay________.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombui ldinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstocAdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthfo recast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould________.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernm entinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofrespo nsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay________.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothe housingsectorPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingteGtandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsinthele ftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearet woeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarAyouranswersontheANSWERS HEET.(10points)EmerginginthelateSiGtiesandreachingapeaAintheSeventies,LandArt wasoneofarangeofnewforms,includingBodyArt,PerformanceArt,ActionAr tandInstallationArt,whichpushedartbeyondthetraditionalconfinesofthest udioandgallery.Ratherthanportrayinglandscape,landartistsusedthephysic alsubstanceofthelanditselfastheirmedium.TheBritishLandArt,typifiedbyLong'spiece,wasnotonlymoredomestica llyscaled,butalotquirAierthanitsAmericancounterpart.Indeed,whileyoumightassumethataneGhibitionofLandArtwouldconsi stonlyofrecordsofworAsratherthantheworAsthemselves,Long'sphotogra phofhisworAistheworA.Sincehis“action”isinthepast,thephotographisits soleembodiment.Thatmightseemratheranobscurepoint,butitsetsthetoneforaneGhibiti onthatcontainsalotofblacAand-whitephotographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.LongisBritain'sbest-AnownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocAsfromPor tisheadbeachlaidoutonthegalleryfloor,representstheelegant,rarefiedside oftheform.TheBoyleFamily,ontheotherhand,standsforitsdirty,urbanaspec prisingartistsMarABoyleandJoanHillsandtheirchildren,theyrecreate drandomsectionsoftheBritishlandscapeongallerywalls.TheirOlafStreetStu dy,asquareofbricA-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefewworAsheretoembracethecommonplac enessthatcharacterisesmostofoureGperienceofthelandscapemostoftheti me.ParAsfeature,particularlyintheearlierworAs,suchasJohnHilliard'sveryf unnyAcrosstheParA,inwhichalong-hairedstrollerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittinglyassaultedin asequenceofimagesthatturnouttobedifferentpartsofthesamephotograph .GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gr avitatingtowardslandscapesthataretraditionallyconsideredbeautifulsuch astheLaAeDistrictortheWiltshireDowns.Whileitprobablywasn'tapparentat thetime,muchofthisworAispermeatedbyaspiritofromanticescapismthatth eliAesofWordsworthwouldhavereadilyunderstood.DereAJarman'syellowt intedfilmTowardsAvebury,acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltshiSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingteGtfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslati ononANSWERSHEET.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat ’sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat’seGactlythe Aindoffalsecheerfulnessthatp ositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimismmeansbei ngintouchwithreality,”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.According toBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomaAethebestofthingsthatha ppen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-ShaharusesthreeoptimisticeGercisers.Whenhefeelsdown---say,a ftergivingabadlecture——hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.Herem indshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffect ivethanothers.NeGtisreconstruction.HeanalyzestheweaAlecture,leaninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatwo rA sandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesac Anowled gingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter. SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions: SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,aloc alstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)asAforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donot e“LiMing”instead.Donot writeyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,Youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)20GG年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUseofEnglish文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。