名词变复数的规则及习题

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名词变复数

一.名词变复数规则变化及发音:

1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ;eg:book→books;desk→desks;pen→pens;car→cars s遇t读浊辅音[ts],遇d读清辅音[dz] eg:friend→friends; cat→cats;

2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,在该词末尾加上-es;读音规则:读[iz];eg:bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watch ches; dish→dishes

3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y变为i,再加-es;读音规则:读[z]。eg:fly→flies; b ab y→b abies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s;eg:toy→toys;boy→boys;

4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-v,再加es;读音规则:读[vz];eg:knife→knives;leaf→leaves;

5、以-o结尾的名词,初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es,其余都加-s;读音规则:读[z]。

eg:tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→h eroes

英雄; Negro—Negroes 口诀:“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿”

其余eg:zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos;

二.名词变复数不规则变化:

1.单词内部发生变化:口诀“oo常常变ee,男人女人a变e”

eg:foot→feet脚;tooth→teeth牙齿;man→men男人;woman→women女人;

2.单复数相同:“羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家”

eg:sheep→sheep绵羊;fish→fish鱼;deer→deer鹿;

3.不规则变化:child→c hildren孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;German→Germans德国人;

4“某国人”的复数有三种类型:口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S加后边”(1)Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s;

(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman(荷兰人)复数要把man 变为men;(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians,

三.不可数名词:

⒈不可数名词概念:不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。

⒉不可数名词特点:

⑴不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a, an及数词连用,常作单数看待。

例:water There’s some water in the bottle.

food My favorite food is noodles.

⑵不可数名词如表数量,常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改为复数。

例:a bottle of pop一瓶汽水, two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁,

three cups of tea 三杯茶,a piece of paper一张纸

⑶有些物质名词有时可数,有时不可数,要根据上下文决定,其意义也有所不同。

A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。(玻璃杯可数,玻璃不可数。)

I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon.

四.特殊名词的讲解:

⑴people 作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。

作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。

There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。

There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。

⑵clothes,pyjamas(睡衣;宽长裤)等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。例:My favorite clothes are pants. These pyjamas are too small.

⑶pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts,scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。

例:Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.

⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数。

His family is a large family. His family like animals.

指整体指成员

⑸有的名词单复数意思不同:

例:hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。

My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。

I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。

但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式.

Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根头发。

She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。

练习:

Ⅰ. 写出下列单词的复数形式:

fish- boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife- baby- family- man- woman- child- tooth- goose- mouse- sheep- peach- picture- Chinese- he- his- I- this- is- it- that-

she- you- me- him- her- my- mine- am- tomato- potato- zoo- foot- toy-

Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为复数句子:

1. He is a student . ____________________________

2. It’s a box. __________________________________

3. This picture is nice. ____________________________________

4. She is a teacher. _______________________________

5. I’m a good child. ___________________________________

6. That’s a delicious meal. _________________________________

7. This is my friend. ___________________________________

8. This is a bike. ___________________________________

9.That is her brother. ___________________________________

10.This is a book. ___________________________________

11.That is an eraser. ___________________________________

12.It is a red orange. ___________________________________

13.He is a doctor. ___________________________________

14. What’s this? ___________________________________

15.This is my mother. ___________________________________

16.He is a Chinese boy. ___________________________________

17.Who is she ? ___________________________________________

18.Is this a pen ? ____________________________________________

19.Are those your sisters ? ___________________________________

20.Is that your friend ? _____________________________________

Ⅲ. 将下列句子改为单数句子:

1. These are their grandparents. ________________________________________

2. Who’re the boys? They’re my students.__________________________________