现在完成时
一. 用法：
（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别：
强调过去—一般过去式
强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。
试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没
说明）
My mother went to Shanghai.
Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.
. I didn’t have breakfast.
I haven’t have breakfast yet.
（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。如：
--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。
通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
He has been in the army for ten years.
I have studied English since 1980.
（4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译
为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever,
never等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。I have been to Shanghai twice.
She has watched this film three times.
I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.
练 习
1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。
___________________________________
2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。
___________________________________
3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。
___________________________________
4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽
___________________________________
5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二. 构成：
(1) 肯定句： have / has done
(2) 否定句：...have/has not done
(3) 一般疑问句： Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.
(4) 常用的时间状语有：already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处
never“从不”中间处
ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处
just“刚刚”中间处
yet “已经” 、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处)
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.A. already和yet区别:I have already finished my homework.
already用在_______，位于_______。 “已经”Have you finished your homework yet?
yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”
B.for 与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点
I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.
I have been here__________7 o'clock.
用since和for填空
1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month
4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock
7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children
10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very
young
13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years
三. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区
别
（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：
since, for, how long 等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm
have been here (there) / abroad
（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever,
never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，
说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练 习
I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John __________ England since he came back.
4) How long _________ have _________ this village?
5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.
7) I _________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there
before.
11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.
12) He often _________ swimming.
13) __________ you __________ there last year?
