现在分词作状语
一．现在分词作状语时的几种形式：
二．现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、伴随、原因、方式、结果、条件等。
1. 作伴随状语时相当于and连接的两个动词或分句。
The dog came in, following its master.= The dog came in. It followed its master.
2.作原因状语时相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首。
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.= Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
3作时间状语时常位于句首，一般式doing相当于when, while 引导的时间状语从句，完成式having done相当于after引导的时间状语从句。
Hearing the good news, my mother couldn’t help laughing.
=When my mother heard the good news, she couldn’t help laughing.
Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.
4.作条件状语时相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. =If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.
5.作结果状语时表示结果。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
6.作让步状语时相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句。Buying a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
=Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
7.作方式状语时相当于介词by引起的方式状语。
Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the window = By walking slowly, I approached the little window.
三．现在分词做状语需注意的几个问题
1. 注意句中的and
例一："Can't you read?" Mary said_____________to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
【分析】答案为A，这道考查了现在分词作伴随状语的用法。B项pointing应改为pointed;分词的此种用法相当于and连接的并列谓语动词，因此C项缺少连接并列谓语动词的and; D项缺少谓语。
例二：_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow
B. Following
C. To follow
D. Followed
【分析】答案为A，容易误选成B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。根据句中的连词and 可推断出选A。此句为固定句型：祈使句+and/or+将来时陈述句。例如：1)Work hard and you will get a good mark. 2)Let's move the bag, or it may cause an accident.假如将此题改为下面的例句，则答案为B：
_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.
A. Follow
B. Following
C. To follow
D. Followed
例三：She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s o ffice.
A. put
B. to put
C. putting
D. having put
【分析】答案为A，容易误选成B或C。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四个并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。
2. 现在分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别:
The secretary worked late into the night, ________a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
【分析】答案为B，现在分词作伴随状语。A项不定式作目的状语，如果没有逗号则可以选A；如果将逗号改为and,则选C，即并列谓语动词。
3. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。
按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：
________your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
【分析】答案为C ，该题如果要选A，应改将句子改为: Having checked your composition carefully, you can avoid some spelling mistakes.
4. 现在分词的一般式doing所表示的动作与句中的谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。现在分词的完成式having done所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，如:
Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.
注意：如果两个动作之间，发生在前的一个用谓语动词来表示，那么发生在后的动作就不能用分词，而只能采用并列的谓语动词来表示。如:
She set out soon after dark________ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
【分析】答案为D，容易误选成A或C，arrive这个动作发生在set out之后，而C项having arrived表示的动作是先于谓语动词set out发生，明显与题干中的later相冲突。
