常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结
⼀一.教育
1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性
培养团队精神和思考能⼒力
Foster team spirit critical thinking
提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平
self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.
提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯
Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle
2. 学习数学的重要性
培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力
independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability
数学是很多学科的基础
Fundamental subject
3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules
由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astray
Inexperienced be more likely to do
孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion
4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？
parents
家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观
role model
help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life
孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格
Shape personality
teacher/ school
传授理论知识impart knowledge platform
提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills
媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents
教育类核⼼心词汇：
theoretical 理论的practical 实际的
scope of knowledge 知识⾯面
lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担
nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力
physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的
intelligence 智⼒力，智能
intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子
motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力
talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格
discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科
adolescent 青少年，青春期的
mature 成熟的
interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背
feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的
exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生
raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值
degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的
impart knowledge 传授知识
obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能
quality education素质教育
team spirit 团队精神
become qualified employees 成为合格雇员
adapt to 适应某事
dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性
enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历
practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能
become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力
make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献
encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考
promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development
促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展
help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观
A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
⼆二.⽂文化、语⾔言、旅游、全球化
1.多元⽂文化社会的利弊分析
Multicultural societies, which are a mixture of different ethnic groups, bring more benefits than drawbacks for a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this conclusion?
好处：
1.必然的、不可逆的趋势
Inevitable and irreversible trend
2.提升⼈人们的⽣生活质量
Improve people’s living standard
3.加强了不同⽂文化之间的相互沟通、理解、尊重
Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
坏处：
1.移民语⾔言障碍、⽂文化冲突
Immigrants’ language barrier, culture shock/conflict
2.歧视，宗教⽭矛盾，公共治安问题
Discrimination, religious conflict, public order issue
多元⽂文化类核⼼心词汇
Inevitable 不可避免的multicultural 多元⽂文化的
Interdependent 相互依赖的global village 地球村
Ethnic ⼈人种的，种族的custom 风俗习惯
Religion 宗教discrimination 歧视
Cultural shock ⽂文化冲突assimilate 使同化
cultural heritage ⽂文化遗产human civilization ⼈人类⽂文明
mainstream culture 主流⽂文化
remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解
2.语⾔言消失好不好？
Every year several languages die out. Some people think that it is not important and that life will be made easier if there are few languages in the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
1.破坏⽂文化多样性，民族认同感遗失
The extinction of languages damage cultural diversity to some extent. national identity will be blurred,
2.语⾔言学的研究和学习受到不利影响
The study of linguistics may be influenced negatively
To employ translator and interpreter
3. 学语⾔言需要学该语⾔言的⽂文化吗？
In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
1.语⾔言反映⽂文化
A particular language was born from a particular culture
2.学语⾔言的⽬目的是有效的交流，⽽而交流离不开对对⽅方⽂文化背景的了解
Understand the speaker’s cultural background
3.学语⾔言就要背单词学语法
Learn rules of grammar and memorise vocabulary
4.学⽂文化浪费时间
Learning culture is a waste of time time-consuming
语⾔言类核⼼心词汇
V ocabulary 词汇grammar 语法 linguistics 语⾔言学
Dialect ⽅方⾔言idiom 成语
Memorise 记住derive from 来⾃自
Effectively and efficiently 有效地和有效率地
Repetitive learning 重复式学习
Master a foreign language 掌握⼀一门外语
4.国际旅游的利与弊
International tourism has become a huge industry in the world. Do the problems of international travel outweigh its advantages?
好处：
1.对游客：开阔视野，增长见识
Broaden one’s horizon, enrich one’s experience and knowledge
2.对东道主国家：拉动旅游城市经济发展，如酒店、饭店和航空业
Host country Boost local economy, hotels, restaurants, air industry
3.促进国家间的⽂文化交流和互动，促进不同⽂文化背景的⼈人们间的相互了解
Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
坏处：
1.给当地环境、交通带来巨⼤大压⼒力
Place a heavy burden on local environment
2.城市或国家经济发展要平衡，不能过度依赖旅游业
be over-dependent on tourist industry, unbalanced economic development
3.游客冒犯当地⼈人，引起⽂文化冲突
Offend local people cultural conflict
旅游业核⼼心词汇
Tourism 旅游业visitor 游客
Airline 航空公司attract 吸引experience 经验
Disturb 打扰burden 负担
Natural scenery ⾃自然风光historical resort 历史名胜
5.传统建筑与现代建筑
Modern buildings appear in large numbers, but some people believe that we should build our buildings in traditional styles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
传统建筑优势
1.美学价值Esthetic value
2.⽂文化遗产，要保护Cultural heritage preserve/protect
现代建筑优势
（1）⼟土地使⽤用率⾼高，⼈人⼜⼝口增长，符合城市化趋势
Raise the utilisation rate of land, population growth, consist with the urbanisation trend
（2）各种科技的体现，如电梯、空调等，居住更加舒适
Modern technologies: lift, air conditioning, more comfortable
less labourious 更省⼒力
6.建筑的艺术性与功能性
艺术性
1.美化城市提⾼高城市知名度，促进旅游和⽂文化产业发展
Enhance the fame and reputation of a city
2.漂亮建筑可以吸引投资，促进经济
A building with unique appearance can
Attract foreign investment
功能性
1.建筑最基本的特性
Fundamental feature
2.节约⼟土地，符合城市化趋势
Save land consist with the urbanisation trend
建筑类核⼼心词汇
Architecture 建筑物，建筑学esthetics 美学
User-friendly ⽅方便⽤用户的comfortable 舒适的
Skyscraper 摩天⼤大楼apartment 公寓
Density 密度urbanisation 城市化
Concrete jungle 混凝⼟土丛林traditional Chinese garden 传统中国园林
7.传统饮⾷食与现代快餐
In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
快餐优势
（1）快餐符合现代快节奏的⼯工作⽣生活⽅方式
Be consistent with fast-paced modern lifestyle
2.国际快餐标准化，质量控制好
Standardised, strict quality control
（1）传统饮⾷食⽂文化受到威胁
Pose a threat to traditional food culture
2.快餐营养不⾼高，⾼高热量，垃圾⾷食品
Less nutrient, high calories, junk food
3.对家庭关系有不利影响relationship
饮⾷食类核⼼心词汇
Diversity 多样性nutritious 营养的
Meal ⼀一餐recipe ⾷食谱
Unhealthy 不健康的calorie 卡路⾥里
High-fat ⾼高脂肪的franchise 特许经营商
Obese 肥胖的home cooking 家中做饭
8.追求服装时尚好不好
In modern society, fashion is becoming more highly valued in people's choice of clothes. Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
(1)经济发展，基本需求满⾜足后的必然结果
Basic human needs were met, inevitable trend
(2)时装是⼀一种⾃自我表达，反映了个⼈人的性格、品味和喜好
Self-expression, reflect characters, taste, likes
(3)盲⽬目追求浪费时间和⾦金钱
Following fashion blindly is a waste of time and money
(4)互相攀⽐比，满⾜足虚荣
Keep up with the Joneses, fulfill one’s peacockery
(5)将服装和社会地位、财富联系到⼀一起，变得势利
Associate clothing with social status and wealth, become snobbish
服装类核⼼心词汇
Popularity 普及，流⾏行fad 时尚
Option 选择，选择权gorgeous 华丽的
Dress parade 时装表演celebrity 名⼈人，名流
Self-esteem ⾃自尊⼼心confident ⾃自信的
Superficial 表⾯面的，肤浅的
Peacockery 虚荣
The spread of multinational companies and the resulting increase of globalization produces positive effects to everyone. Do you agree or disagree?
经济发展促进公共服务的提供，提⾼高⽣生活⽔水平
Economic development contributes to a higher living standard because the public service will be improved
过度依赖跨国企业/进⼜⼝口可能会导致国内企业发展缓慢甚⾄至破产，影响经济稳定
The excessive reliance on imports is likely to lead to the underdevelopment of some domestic industries
Many countries import computers, resulting in domestic manufactures’ bankruptcy
全球化核⼼心词汇
revenue 税收收⼊入excessive reliance 过度依赖
domestic industries 国内⾏行业
bankruptcy 破产
import 进⼜⼝口export 出⼜⼝口
三、⽣生态环境、⾃自然资源与动物保护
1. 常见的环境问题
（1）⽓气候变化，全球变暖
climate change, global warming
2.空⽓气污染，垃圾增多
air pollution, increase of rubbish
3.能源危机，⽔水资源缺乏，森林减少
energy crisis, water shortage, deforestation
4.⾃自然灾害，酸⾬雨，沙尘暴，⼲干旱，⽔水灾
natural disasters, acid rain, sand storms, drought, flood
2. 环境问题的根本原因
⼈人⼜⼝口增长，⼯工业发展，长期的⼈人类活动
Population growth, industrial development, long-term human activities
3.环境问题谁负责？
（1）世界⽅方⾯面：全球合作，达成共识，制定环境保护的国际标准
Global cooperation, reach the agreement, set international standards for environmental protection （2）政府⽅方⾯面：制定环保政策，⿎鼓励低碳经济发展
Make /set up/ establish/ enact laws/regulations, encourage low carbon economy
3.科技⽅方⾯面: ⼤大⼒力开发可再⽣生的、清洁的新能源，投资研发节能科技
Exploit renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies
4.公司⽅方⾯面：应推出环保产品，引领⼤大众绿⾊色消费习惯
Promote environmental-friendly products, lead green consuming habits
5.个⼈人⽅方⾯面：提升环保意识，倡导低碳⽣生活⽅方式
Raise public’s green awareness, encourage low carbon lifestyle
Take public transport conserve water
环境类核⼼心词汇
Low carbon 低碳green 环保的eco-friendly 环保的
Ecosystem ⽣生态系统environmental protection 环境保护
Preserve 保护sustainable development 可持续发展
Deplete natural resources 耗尽⾃自然资源
non-biodegradable material 不可降解的材料
Leave a carbon footprint 留下⼀一个碳⾜足迹
Greenhouse effect 温室效应global warming 全球变暖
Discharge 排放toxic 有毒的poisonous
Contaminate 污染degrade 恶化，降低Deteriorate 恶化
shortage 缺乏lack 缺少deficiency 不⾜足，缺乏
Fight climate change 抵制⽓气候变化
Improve air quality 改善空⽓气质量
Conserve energy 节约能源fuel-efficient vehicles 燃油⾼高效汽车
Avoid using throw-away products 避免使⽤用⼀一次性产品
Environmental-friendly products 环保产品
Sort the daily rubbish ⽣生活垃圾分类
Consume less and recycle more 少消耗，多回收
Discharge/release pollutions into the environment 向环境排放污染物
Renewable energies such as wind, hydro and solar powers 可再⽣生能源如风能，⽔水能和太阳能Take public transit, carpool or ride a bicycle 乘坐公共交通⼯工具、拼车或骑⾃自⾏行车
Eco-friendly alternatives/substitutions/replacements ⽣生态友好的替代品
4.动物实验
Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
反对方：
1.动物实验太残忍
cruel
2.动物和⼈人是平等的
equal
⽀支持⽅方
1.在⾷食物链中，⼈人最⾼高级。
动物劣于⼈人类，应该为⼈人类的发展做贡献
Food chain be at the top of be subject to make contribution to
2.动物实验节省成本，实验数据可靠
Save money cost-effective reliable
动物类核⼼心词汇
vivisection活体解剖 perform experiments on animals在动物⾝身上做试验
test animals⽤用于实验的动物 be subject ed to experiments被迫接受试验
animal rights动物权利 clinical research临床研究
cruel残忍的 extremist极端主义者 medical research医学研究
origin of species物种起源 alternative method替代的⽅方法
biological diversity⽣生物多样性 natural balance⾃自然平衡
endangered animals濒危动物 diversity of species物种多样性
shameless令⼈人羞愧的 barbaric野蛮的 meaningless没有意义的
dominant species优势物种 laboratory实验室 right to live⽣生存权
torture折磨 anti-science反科学的 life-threatening diseases危及⽣生命的疾病
scientific gains科学成果 an ever-lasting theme⼀一个永恒的主题
evolution进化 computer simulation电脑模拟 groundless没有理由的
medical technology医疗技术 anatomy解剖 equal公平的
unreliable不可信赖的 valid有效的、正当的
using live animals in clinical training program⽤用活动物做临床试验
四.科技与发明
1.现代科技的影响
People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face to face. What are the effects of this on individuals and society as a whole?
正⾯面影响
1.⼯工作效率提⾼高
Improve work efficiency
2.便利，节省成本
cost-effective
3.促进交流，加强沟通，扩⼤大社交
Promote and facilitate communication
4.轻松获得各种信息，丰富知识
Obtain information in various ways, enrich one’s knowledge
负⾯面影响
1.侵犯个⼈人隐私Invade one’s privacy
2.压⼒力增⼤大，⼯工作和家庭时间模糊
Less quality family time, increase work pressure
3.安全问题，⽹网络犯罪
Security issue, cyber crimes
4.不良内容传播，如⾊色情、暴⼒力对青少年的影响
Questionable contents, pornography, violence
5.⾝身体健康问题，电⼦子产品辐射，视⼒力下降，户外活动锻炼时间减少,肥胖症
Physical problem, radiation, weaken/poor eyesight, less outdoor exercise, obesity
6.⼼心理问题，沉迷于虚拟世界，性格变得孤僻，游离于现实世界之外，忽视亲情友情等⼈人际关系
Psychological problem, indulge in virtual world, become solitary, be isolated from the real world, weaken the relationship with family members and friends
科技类核⼼心词汇
Surf on the net/internet 上⽹网hi-tech features ⾼高科技特征
Website ⽹网站convenient ⽅方便的，便利的
Productivity ⽣生产⼒力，⽣生产率geographical barrier 地理阻碍
Digital 数字的，数码的electronic 电⼦子的
Virtual world 虚拟世界infringe the privacy 侵犯隐私
Pirate 剽窃security 安全radiation 辐射
With the click of a mouse ⽤用⿏鼠标⼀一点
In a virtual world 在虚拟世界中an information age 信息时代
Be lost in 迷失在.... stay in touch with 和...保持联系
Cause damage to one’s health 对⼈人的健康造成危害
Log on the Internet 登陆互联⽹网
Cutting-edge technology 尖端科技
Information explosion信息爆炸
Due to the proliferation of the Internet 由于互联⽹网的普及
Innovation 创新invention 发明
Labor-saving machinery 节约⼈人⼒力的机器
Biotechnology ⽣生物技术
Space exploration 太空探索hacker 电脑⿊黑客
Conventional method 传统⼿手段face to face ⾯面对⾯面
Online retailer ⽹网上营销商netizen ⽹网民
Cost-effective 节省成本的，划算的
Blog 博客cyber crime 电脑犯罪
Offensive 令⼈人不快的，冒犯性的
Pornography ⾊色情violence 暴⼒力
Illegal gambling ⾮非法赌博
Questionable contents 有问题的内容
Telecommunication 远程交流
Have/gain access to any information or knowledge 获得任何信息和知识
With an increasing popularity of mobile phones 随着⼿手机的越来越普及
五.媒体与⼴广告
1.能否相信媒体
We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we cannot trust journalists. What do you think?
媒体的作⽤用
1.提供⼈人们需要的各种信息，从实事到娱乐新闻
Provide all kinds of information, ranging from current affairs to entertainment news
2.媒体揭露社会问题，监督推动政府解决
Disclose social problems, monitor and push the government to deal with them
媒体的问题
1.媒体追逐利润，所以过度报道吸引公众眼球的事件
Over-report negative stories to hook viewers and maximise profits
2.媒体影响⼤大众观点，歪曲或不实信息误导观众的观点和情绪
Mislead the public’s view and mood with distorted and false information
媒体类核⼼心词汇
核⼼心词汇
Press 新闻界，新闻报道 coverage 新闻报道
Fair 公平的cater for audiences 迎合观众
Hook 吸引，使上钩unveil 揭露
Supervise 监督mislead 误导
Exaggerate 夸⼤大public opinion 舆论
2.⼴广告的利与弊
Do the positive effects outweigh negative effects when advertising gains in popularity?
好处
1.提供产品信息，是消费者和⽣生产商之间的桥梁
Provide the latest information of products. Bridge the gap between consumers and manufacturers 2.刺激购买冲动，增加产品销量，促进经济发展
evoke impulse buying, boost sales, and promote economic development
3.公益⼴广告提升⼈人们的⽂文明、环保意识
Public service ad awareness of culture and environmental protection
问题
1.⼴广告费增加了商品的价格
Add to the cost of the products
2.⼴广告只提及产品的优点，是⼀一种不公正、不全⾯面的信息
Claim product’s advantages only, unjust
3.⼴广告是⼀一种不受欢迎的信息
Unwelcome information
⼴广告类核⼼心词汇
Commercial 商业的
Public service advertising 公益⼴广告
Advertiser 登⼴广告者
Promotion 促销marketing tool 市场营销⼿手段
Target audience ⽬目标受众shopaholic 购物狂
Induce 劝诱stimulate 刺激，激励
Purchase decision 购买决定
六.政府与城市化
1.政府是否有责任（投资）....
有责任！
每个政府的基本责任：保卫国家安全，维护社会稳定，加强社会福利保障体系，完善公共设施建设。
Every government’s basic obligation: ensure national security, stabilise the society, enhance social welfare system, perfect the public facilities
weapons
抵御侵略者的能⼒力是社会稳定和经济发展的保证
Spending money on national defense strengthens a nation’s ability to repel invaders and provides protection against other forms of military threats.
disadvantaged groups
政府建⽴立在税收基础上，应该保证⼈人们的⽣生活⽔水平
Governments are based on revenues collected from taxpayers, so they should be responsible for ensuring the living standard of each citizen especially those disadvantaged groups.
public facilities
基础设施对于发展及其关键，尤其对发展中国家⽽而⾔言
Public facilities serve as one of the most important factors for a country’s development.
art
艺术是民族特⾊色，⽂文化传承
Arts are critical for a country because arts are often regarded as the symbol of one civilisation.
政府要优先重视教育、科技和基本⼈人类需求的投资，后投资⽂文化娱乐设施。
Give top priority to investments on education, technology and basic human needs, then invest in entertainment facilities to increase emotional wellbeing and enrich one’s cultural life
2.城市化的利弊
好处
1.就业机会多，收⼊入⾼高
More job opportunities, higher income
2.⽣生活⽔水平提⾼高，基础设施完善
Better living conditions and infrastructures
坏处
1.扩⼤大了贫富差距
Widen the gap between the rich and the poor
2.以破坏环境为代价
At the cost of environment
城市化核⼼心词汇
Rural areas 乡村地区suburb 郊区
Urbanisation 城市化metropolis ⼤大都市
Population density ⼈人⼜⼝口密度traffic congestion 交通堵塞
Have access to 能获得，能使⽤用
Infrastructure 基础设施well-being 康乐，安宁，福利
Widen the gap between urban and rural areas 加⼤大城乡差距
七.社会与家庭
1.男⼥女平等
In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science. Why? Do you think this trend should be changed?
1.传统观念，⽂文理科特点需要
Science and arts have totally different professional requirements
（2）应该选择⾃自⼰己擅长或者喜欢的
Students should be encouraged to take the subject that they are interested in or excel at.
2. ⼥女性⼯工作/社会⾓角⾊色
1.性格温和，较少攻击性
Gentle/tender/soft manner, less aggressive nature
2.更耐⼼心，善解⼈人意，善于沟通
More patient, understanding, better communication skills
3.⾝身体没有男性强壮
Not physically strong
4.传统意义上承担抚养孩⼦子、照顾家庭、料理家务的责任
Role in raising children, taking care of the family, housework
⼥女性话题核⼼心词汇
Gender 性别sex discrimination 性别歧视
Sex harassment 性骚扰patient 耐⼼心的
Aggressive 好⽃斗的gossip 闲聊⼋八卦
Housewife 家庭主妇pregnant 怀孕的
Child bearing ⽣生育孩⼦子child rearing 养育孩⼦子
3.⽼老年⼈人/⽼老龄化
It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries in the future. Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?
好处
1.⽼老年⼈人⼯工作、⼈人⽣生经验丰富，对公司来说是顾问
Rich experience in both work and life, good consultants
2.对家庭来说是教练和医⽣生，照顾孙辈
Coaches, doctors, look after grandchildren
3.通过志愿者⼯工作对社区、社会做出贡献
Do some volunteer work
坏处
1.可能过度保守，从⽽而⽆无法进取
Companies run by older worker may become too conservative to succeed against competition from younger rivals.
2.增加政府的医疗和养⽼老⾦金负担
Medical care and pension pose a financial burden for government
3.⽼老龄化和低出⽣生率会导致劳动⼒力紧缺，降低社会⽣生产⼒力
Labor shortage, decrease social productivity
⽼老⼈人话题核⼼心词汇
Silver tsunami 银发危机twilight life 晚年
Age 变⽼老elderly ⽼老年的senior 年长的
Demographics ⼈人⼜⼝口统计状况
Retirement 退休pension 养⽼老⾦金，退休⾦金
V olunteer 志愿者expert 专家
nursing home养⽼老院social security fund 社保基⾦金
spend one’s remaining days happily 安度晚年
enjoy family union 享受⼀一家团聚的乐趣
unstable life without pension 没有保险⾦金的不稳定⽣生活
4.⼉儿童话题
⼉儿童教育/针对⼉儿童的⼴广告/电脑对⼉儿童的影响/⼩小孩学英语
孩⼦子的⾝身⼼心特点
1.好奇⼼心，模仿，学得快
Curiosity, imitate, quick to learn
2.⾃自我控制⼒力、鉴别是⾮非⼒力弱
Lack of self-control, unable to distinguish right from wrong
3.容易受外界不良影响
Vulnerable to negative influences
4.⾝身⼼心发展的重要时期
Critical time of physical and psychological development
5.家长要控制，承担监护义务
Provide parental guidance, commit their guardianship
5.⼯工作与家庭
Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?
现代社会的以下三个特点导致了⼯工作和家庭关系变化
1.激烈的竞争导致当今社会中⼈人们⼯工作时间越来越长
Keen competition makes employees work overtime
2.新技术不断出现导致⼈人们在⼯工作外花时间学习，升级知识和技能
Spend more time learning new technologies and upgrading knowledge and skills
3.信息时代导致⼈人们要花更多的时间处理信息，结果，有质量的家庭时间缩短
Spend more time processing all types of information in this information age. As a result, the quality family time reduces.
⼋八.犯罪与法律
1.犯罪的原因和解决⽅方法
1.没有良好的教育，家庭不幸，⽣生活困难，性格缺陷
Poor education, unfortunate family, poverty, character flaw
2.教育为主，培训⼯工作技能，增加就业，完善社会福利保障
Education, job training, employment, enhance welfare system
3.严厉惩罚
Severe punishment
2.如何处置罪犯？
Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken into prison; others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
1.关监狱：惩罚罪犯，震慑潜在犯罪，安慰受害者
Take into prison: punish the criminals, deter potential crimes, comfort the victims
2.其他措施：⼯工作培训，教育，罚款，社区服务
Job training, education, fine, community service
犯罪类核⼼心词汇
Criminal 罪犯offender 违法者 Innocent 清⽩白的 punish 惩处，处罚
Jail 监狱commit a crime 犯罪 abandon evil and do good 弃恶扬善
Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪threat to public safety 威胁公共安全
Preventive measure 预防措施deterrent effect 威慑作⽤用
commit crimes 犯罪school shooting 校园枪击
death penalty capital punishment 死刑 life-imprisonment ⽆无期徒刑
female crime 妇⼥女犯罪 domestic violence 家庭暴⼒力
lengthy jail 长期监禁 community service 社区服务
deter 威慑 victim 受害者 re-offence 重新犯罪
law-abiding citizens 守法的公民 go astray 误⼊入歧途
regulate 规范 supervise 监督 break the law 违法
put other's life at risk 使别⼈人的⽣生命处于危险之中
crime prevention 罪案防范 embody 体现 humanism ⼈人道主义
reform the convicts 改造犯罪分⼦子 correct one's misconduct 改过⾃自新。
