深圳小学英语语法汇总
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There be 句型
1.定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2.2. 结构:
3.??????? (1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
4.??????? (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
5.???????? there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
6.eg.? ① There is a bird in the tree.?? 树上有一只鸟。
7.??????? ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
8.??????? ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
9.3.? There be句型与have的区别:
10.??????? (1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。?? eg.
11.??????? ①He has two sons.?? 他有两个儿子。
12.??????? ②There are two men in the office.??? 办公室里有两个男人。
13.??????? (2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
14.eg.?? A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.? 一个星期有七天。
15.??? 变脸一:否定句
16.??? There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如:?
17.??? There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
18.??? There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
19.??? 变脸二:一般疑问句
20.??? There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\"调整法\"。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧:
21.??? There is some water on Ma rs. → Is there any water on Mars?
22.??? There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water??
23.??? 变脸三:特殊疑问句
24.??? There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
25.??? ①对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\";当主语是物时,用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
26.??? There are many things over there. →What's over there?
27.??? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
28.??? ②对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?\"啦!例如:
29.??? There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
30.??? T here are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children??
31.??? ③对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
32.??? How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语
33.??? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语
不定冠词(indefinite articles)a/an 的用法
不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如:
① A stitch in time saves nine.
② Jason is an internationally known scholar.
此外,a/an 还有下列 6 种用途:
㈠常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用,以表示“每—” 的概念,如:
③ I teach five days a week.
④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.
⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.
㈡常和hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用,如:
⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.
⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.
⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.
⑨ Mary has a lot of money.
㈢在“of / at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如:
⑩ Birds of a feather flock together.
11. Please come one at a time.
12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.
㈣常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如:
13. Tom is rather a fool.