一.现在完成时的含义及用法
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。
2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：
主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
否定式:
主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：
助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。
already: 常用于肯定句中.
yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经
1.你已经找到你的书了吗?
2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子.
3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗?
用法②
现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born .
Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock?
for+ 时间段
since+时间点 , since+ 句子
①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years.
②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month.
③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month .
④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday.
⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long time .
⑥She hasn’t h ad a good cup of coffee ____ years.
⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.
二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
have been in“呆在某处一段时间了”
三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
瞬间动词：borrow, die, join, begin, start, finish, end, leave, buy, arrive, come 在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。
瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:
1.瞬间动词可用于“段时间+ ago ” 的一般过去时句型
2.瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用
他的爷爷已经去世2年了。
Nick 参军3年了.
他离开深圳好长时间了。
这本书我已借了4个月了.
1. The famous writer _____ a new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has writ ten
2.Have you met Mr. Li ____？
Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago 3.How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
Ａbeen Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
4. —Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even
______ .
Ａ. has changed; well Ｂ. changed; good Ｃ. has ch anged; better Ｄ. changed; better
5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; do ne; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish
6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew
7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 8.These farmers have been to the United States . ——Reall y? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
9.Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are; studying
10.His father ______ the Party since 1998 .
Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
11.—Do you know him well ? —Sure .We ______ friends since ten years a go
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
12.He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?
