现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。
Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)
Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)
◇现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，
如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。
☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。
He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
◇现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？) ----The train has left.
----When did the train leave?
◇since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
◇有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则表示包括“现在”在内。
I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)
I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)
He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)
He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)
◇同步练习
动词填空：
1. I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.
2. ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer?
3. ----Where ______ you ______(put) my pen?
----I _______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4. When ______ you _______(start) to live in China?
5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.
----When ________ the train _________(leave)?
6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last.
7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks?
8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择：
( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school.
A. taught; came
B. has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山东)
A. left
B. has left
C. has been left
D. had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆)
A. saw
B. see
C. seeing
D. have seen
( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （宁波）
---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. visited
D. visit
( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京)
---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here?
---- There ______ very little rain.
A. has
B. has been
C. are
D. have been
( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?
A. did; lose
B. has; lost
C. will; lose
D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going
B. have; been
C. did; go
D. are; doing
( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have
C. are
D. have been
Keys:
动词填空：
1. saw
2. Did, go
3. have, put, put
4. did, start
5. has left, did, leave
6. met
7. have, been
8. have lost
单项选择：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
现在完成时练习题
一、单项选择
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined
B. be in
C. been in
D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children
B. five years
C. five years ago
D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
A. has bought
B. has had
C. had had
D. has borrowed
