Comparison and Contrast
比较和对照的写作方法
目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；
二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:
1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B
3...。
范文一：Country Life and City Life
It is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life.
Both have their merits and shortcomings.
Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more
cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too.
The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worr ies. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote
corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.
Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.
范文二：Middle School Life and College Life
There are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to
understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- or
girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first.
That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to do
everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully.
There are also other differences between our school life and our college life.
We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.
三．写作步骤
1. 写前阶段：写作提纲
1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
2. 写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容
1) Useful words and phrases:
比较：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.
对照：by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise,
whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.
2）Useful expressions
ØJust like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and … is no exception.
ØThe advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
ØThe advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
Ø A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
ØFor all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
ØLike anything else, it has its faults.
Ø A and B has several points in common.
Ø A bears some resemblances to B.
ØHowever, the same is not applicable to B.
Ø A and B differ in several ways.
ØEvidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
ØThe same is true of B.
