给排水与环境工程专业英语(1)

给排水专业英语汇总废水 abwasser 排水系统 drainage system UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 废水收集 wastewater collection 生活排水系统 sanitary system排水工程 sewetage engineering 废水处理 wastewater disposal 工业排水系统 industrial system市政工程 civil engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 雨水排水系统stormwater system市政工程师 civil engineer 污染 pollution pollute 合流制 combined sewers环境工程 environmental engineering 污染物 pollntant 分流制 separate sewers水文学 hydrology 玷污、污染 contamination 建筑排水系统 building drainage system水力学 hydranlies 致污物 contaminant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures 水环境 natural aquatic environment 未污染 uncontaminated 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures流域 watershed 水污染 water pollution 输水系统 water transmission system水体 waterbody 水污染控制 water pollution control 漏水率 leakage rate地表水 surface water 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 配水系统water distribution system新鲜水 freshwater 污水回用 wastewater reuse 环状管网 grid system 地下水 groundwater 支状管网 branching system UNIT 2含水层 aquifer 水短缺 water scarcity 下水管道 sanitary sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流管 intercepting sewer地下含水层 underground aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 供水系统 water supply system 污水节流井 sewage intercepting cell渗滤 infiltration 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system 支管collection sewer collector sewer降水 precipitation 建筑给水系统house water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage渗入 precolation 分区供水系统 dual distribution system domestic sewage蒸发 evaporation 小区 micro district domestic wastewater蒸腾 transpiration 小社区 small community 工业污水 industrial wastewater城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes水源 water source 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes水资源 water resource 消防系统 fire protection system 雨水 rainwater stormwater取水 water withdrawal 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system 水位waterlevel水处理 water treatment 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 海拔、标高 elevation配水 water distribution 半自动水幕系统坡度 grade用水 water use semi automatic drencher system 倾斜度 slope污水 wastewater 消火栓 hydrant 明渠 Open channel1开挖 excavation 层流 Laminar flow 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms深度 excavation depth 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 病原体 Pathogenic 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 过渡流 Transitional flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin水头 pressure head 湍流 Turbulent flow 细菌 Bacteria总水头 total head 紊流 Turbulence flow 大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 涡流 Eddying flow 病毒 Viruses Unit 3水头损失 Head loss 雷诺数 Teynolds number 藻类 Algae速度头动压头 Velocity head 水质 Water guality 浊度 Turbidity 静压Static head 水源 Water sources 放射性 Radionuclide 摩擦水头 Friction head 供水水源 Water supples 感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 原水 Raw water 审美 Esthetic 重力流 Gravity flow 未处理水 Untreated water 味 Taste水塔 Water castle 出水 Finished water 嗅 Odo贮水箱 Cistern 原水水质 Raw-water quality 色 Colour泵站 Pump station 水质标准 Water quality standards 变色Discolouration 给水泵站 Water pump station 水质要求 Water quality requirements 变色 Discolor 污水泵站 Sewage station 饮用水 Drinkwater\potable water 水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality 提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 自来水 Tap water 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 增压泵 Booster pump 纯水 Pure water 浊度值 Turbidity values 离心泵 Centrifugal pump 饮用水标准 Drinking water standards 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 饮用水一级标Primarydrinking water standards 浑浊单位 Turdid 潜水艇 Submerine 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levels 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 深井泵 Well pump maxmum allowable levels 化学性质 Chemical quality 虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 水质化学参数Chemical parametersof water quality 人孔 Manhole 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO) 法兰 Flange 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 溶解氧浓度 Do level 阀门 Valve 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 溶解氧平衡 Do balance 闸阀 Gate valve 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 泵送系统 Pumping system 无机化合物Inorganic chemical 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 流量 Flow rate 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 流速Fluid velocity 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)2总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 保证 Preserve 分离 Separate悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 隔离 Separation 总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS) 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理法 Physicalprocess 溶解 Dissolved (DS) 发泡剂 Foaming agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 泡沫 Foam 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process化肥 Fertilizer 一级处理 Primary treatment Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese 肥沃的 Fertile 初步处理Preliminary treatment 硬度 Hardness 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅筛滤Screening 碱度 Alkalinity 营养的 Trophic 格栅 Screen盐度 Salinity 营养水平 Trophic level 格栅 Bar screen 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 生态位 Niche 栅条 Bars氰化物 Cyanides 钢栅条 Steel bars Unit 5急性毒性 Acute toxity 原污水 Raw sewage 渣耙 Cleaning rakes 慢性毒性Chronic toxity 原废水 Raw wastes 圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 基因毒性Genetic toxicity 处理水 Treated wastes 破碎 Grind基因 Gene 回用水 Redaimed water 除砂 Degritting 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 水处理过程 Water processing 砂 Grit 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 收集 Collect 沙 Sand 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处置 Dispose 除砂 Grit removal 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理方法 Treatment method 沉砂池 Grit chamber 卤素 Halogen 处理费用 Treatment costs 沉淀 Settling 甲基 Methyl 处理单元Treatment process 沉淀池 Settling tank 氯仿 Trichloromethane 运行模式Operational mode 澄清池 Clarifier 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 杀虫剂农药 Pesticide 均匀均化 Equalization 初沉池 Primary settling tank 害虫 Pest 均匀 Equalize 一级出水 Primary effluent 杀虫剂 Insecticide 调蓄水池 Equalizationstorage 二级处理 Secondary treatment 除草剂 Herbicide 调节池Equalization tank 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀菌剂Germicide 蓄水池 Storage tank 生物处理 Biological treatment 细菌 Germ 降解 Degrade 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 防腐剂 Preservative 分解Decompose 二沉池 Secondary settling tank3最终澄清池 Final clarifier 第五部分: 物化处理最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 1(混凝 n. coagulation 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 二级出水 Secondary effluent 混凝过程 coagulation process 沉降 n. sedimentation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 化学混凝 chemical coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 深度处理 Advanced treatment 凝聚 n. aggregation 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 絮凝n. flocculation 重力沉降 gravity settling 出流出水 Effluent flow v. flocculate 沉淀池 settling tank 允许浓度 Allowable levels 异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 优异出水High-quality polished effluent 同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 混凝剂 n. coagulant 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 管式沉淀池 tube settler 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 烧杯实验 jar test 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 城市污水处理最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settlerMunicipal wastewater treatment 助凝剂 coagulant aid 板式沉淀池 plate separator 市政工程 Municipal engineering 助凝剂 flocculation aid 气浮 n.floatation 土木工程 Civil engineering 聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 泡沫分离 foam separation 城市污水处理厂快速混合 flash-mix , 溶气气浮dissolved-air floatationMunicipal wastewater treatment plant rapid-mix 气浮池 floatationtank 污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 快速混合器 flash mixer , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 电容 Capacitance rapid mixer 撇去 v. skim污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 混合池 mixer tank 浮渣 n. scum多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 浮渣槽scum trough 处理池 Treatment tank 絮凝器 n. flocculator 刮泥机 sludge scraper 负荷 Load 絮凝池 flocculation tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 负荷Loadings sludge withdrawal 水力负荷 Hydrautic loading 固体接触池 solids-contact tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清 n. clarification 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin 有机负荷 Organic load v. clarify无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清池 n. clarifier 3(过滤 n. filtration 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 滤池 n. filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 澄清水 clarifying water 慢滤池 slow filter4快滤池 rapid filter 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 4(消毒 n. disinfection freeavailable chlorine砂滤池 sand filter v. disinfect 化合氯 combined chlorine慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 消毒剂 n. disinfectant 剩余保护 residual protection快砂滤池 rapid sand filter disinfection agent 余氯 residual chlorine 重力滤池 gravity filter 杀菌剂 n. germicide 余氯量 chlorine residual 压力滤池 pressure filter 消毒过程 disinfection process 自由余氯 free residual chlorine过滤介质，滤料 filter medium 消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual石英砂 silica sand 氯化 n. chlorination 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine无烟煤 n. anthracite v. chlorinate 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals硅藻土 diatomaceous earth 氯化水 chlorinated water 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds 预氯化 n. prechlorination 折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve多层滤料 multilayered media 氯化消毒副产物 by-products ofchlorination 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage混合滤料 mixed media 化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 氯折点chlorine breakpoint双层滤料滤池 dual media filter 液氯 liquid chlorine , 压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder双层滤池 two-layer filter liquefied chlorine 臭氧发生器 ozone generator粗滤料 coarse media 氯胺 n. chloramines 需臭氧量 ozone demand细滤料 fine media 次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 助滤剂 filter aid 次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 剩余臭氧 residual ozone滤后水，滤出水 filtered water 二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent 臭氧 n. ozone 致病微生物，病源微生物滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent 臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation pathogenic microorganisms浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough 臭氧化 v. ozonate 病原体 n. pathogens过滤周期 filter cycle 紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses清洗周期 cleaning cycle 伽马射线 gamma radiation 细菌 n. bacteria 刮砂法 scraping method 灭活 n. inactivation 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria表面刮砂 surface scraping v. inactivate 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 反冲洗 backwashing 接触时间 contact time 孢子，芽孢 n. spores水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 需氯量 chlorine demand 病毒 n. viruses水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage , 藻类n. algae水力分级 hydraulic grading applied chlorine 原生动物 n. protozoa5离子交换柱 ion exchange column 沉淀软化 precipitation softening 5(氧化 n. oxidation 硬度 n. hardness 电解 n. electrolysis还原 n. reduction 除硬 hardness removal 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization氧化剂 n. oxidant 软化 n. softening 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent v. soften高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 化学软化 chemical softening 冷却 n. cooling高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 沉淀软化 precipitation softening 冷却水 cooling water高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 冷却塔 cooling tower高级氧化技术 (AOT) v. desalt 第六部分生物处理advanced oxidation technology 去矿化 n. demineralization 生物反应器n. bioreactorv. demineralize 微生物 n. microorganisms 6(吸附 n. adsorption 离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process n. microbes活性炭 (AC) activated carbon 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 微生物种群 microbial population粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon 复床 combined bed 混合群落mixed communities粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon 混合床 mixed bed 细菌 n. bacteria颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 原生动物 n. protozoa活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber 8(膜分离 membrane separation 真菌 n. fungi再生 n. regeneration 微滤 n. microfiltration 轮虫 n. rotifersv. regenerate 超滤 n. hyperfiltration 生长 n. growth吸附剂 n. adsorbent 纳滤 n. nanofiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 吸附质 n. adsorbate 反渗透 reverse osmosis 世代时间 generation time 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column 渗透 n. osmosis 生长速率 growth rates吸附床 adsorption bed 半透膜 semipermeable membrane 环境因子environmental factors空床接触时间 empty bed contact time 电渗析 n. electrodialysis 生态因子 ecological factors吸附带 mass transfer zone 渗析 n. dialysis 微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test 1. 迟滞期 lag phase生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon 9(其它处理方法 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase中和 n. neutralization 3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase 7(离子交换n. ion exchange v. neutralize 稳定期 stationary phase离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin 酸性废水 acidic wastes 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage离子交换器 ion exchanger 化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 内源生长期endogenous growth phase6内源呼吸 endogenous respiration v. stabilize 回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge生物代谢 biological metabolism 回流污泥 returned sludge底物，基质 n. substrate 微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 回流污泥recycled sludge底物(基质)利用 substrate utilization 好氧的 a. aerobic 剩余污泥excess sludge生物量 n. biomass 好氧菌 aerobic bacteria 废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge生物反应 biological reaction 好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 废污泥 waste sludge生物氧化 biological oxidation 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池aeration tank生物降解 n. biodegradation 厌氧的 a. anaerobic 曝气池 aeration basin 生物降解性 n. biodegradability 厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 曝气池aeration chamber生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable 厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin 不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable 兼性的 a. facultative 活性污泥池activated sludge tank生物处理 biological treatment 兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气 n. aeration废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment 好氧环境 aerobic environment 混合 n. mixing废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment 厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 曝气系统 aeration system system 营养物 n. nutrients 曝气器 n. aerator污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 压缩空气 compressed air system 营养物去除 nutrient removal 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor生物处理法 biological treatment process 营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 鼓风机，风机 n. blower生物处理装置 biological treatment unit 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover串联 in series 生物硝化 biological nitrification 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser悬浮生长处理法 suspended-growth treatment processes 硝化菌nitrifying bacteria 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser 生物固体 biological solids 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 活性污泥 activated sludge 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser附着生长处理法 attached-growth treatment processes 扩散板 plate diffuser附着的微生物 attached microbes 1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 扩散管 tube diffuser微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 扩散罩 dome diffuser生物膜 n. biofilm 细菌 n. bacteria 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubblediffused aeration生物絮体 biological floc 微气泡 fine-bubble代谢 n. metabolism 微生物絮体 microbial floc 大气泡 coarse-bubble v. metabolize 活性污泥 activated sludge 静态混合器 static mixer稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems7机械曝气 mechanical aeration 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludge plant 序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 表面曝气 surface aeration 阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process 序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段 v. step 初沉 primary clarification 需氧量 oxygen demand 进水负荷 influent load 曝气 n. aeration供气量 air supply 分段进水 step loading 二沉 secondary clarification 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 渐减 v. taper 初沉池 primary clarifier渐减曝气 tapered aeration 二沉池 secondary clarifier可沉降固体 settleable solids 接触稳定活性污泥法泵送系统 pumping system挥发性固体 volatile solids contact stabilization activated sludge process 活性污泥法 activated sludge process非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids 再曝气 n. reaeration 变体 n. variant 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS) volatile suspended solids 曝气—沉淀—再曝气SBR运行周期 SBR cycle混合液 mixed liquor aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 处理周期process cycle混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended 完全好氧处理法进水阶段fill phase solids complete aerobic treatment process 进水阀 influent valve混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile 高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法反应阶段 react phase suspended solids high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process 沉淀阶段 settle phase污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity 延时曝气活性污泥法清水，上清液clear water污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index extended aeration activated sludge process 上清液 n. supernatant比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 延时曝气法 extended aeration process 排水阶段 draw phase延时曝气 extended aeration 滗水阶段 decant phase污泥龄 sludge age 氧化沟 oxidation ditch 滗水装置 decant mechanism 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 曝气时间 aeration period 转刷曝气 rotor aeration曝气时间 aeration time 笼型转刷 caged rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法) 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal水力负荷 hydraulic loading adsorption-biodegradation process 碳源carbon sourceBOD负荷 BOD loading 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batchreactor 硝化 n. nitrification(SBR) process、 v. nitrify普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process (SBR) process反硝化 n. denitrification标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process SBR法 SBR process v. denitrify8脱氮 n. denitrification methane-forming bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘法 biodisc process 有机酸 organic acids biological denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法) 生物转盘 n. biodiscanoxic-oxic process 塑料盘片 plastic discs 硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction2 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs 硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteriaanaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process 水平轴 horizontal shaftA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺生物粘液 biological slime 上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process 粘液层 slime layer upflow anaerobic sludge blanket脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 上升流速 upflow velocity 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床 biological fluidized bedanaerobic ammonium oxidation biological fluidised bed 厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor anaerobic baffled reactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)膜生物反应器 (MBR) moving-bed biofilm reactor 两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicmembrane biological reactor biotreatment2(生物膜法 3(厌氧生物处理两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase生物膜 n. biofilm 发酵 n. fermentation 产甲烷相 methanogenic phase 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor v. fermentate生物滤池 n. biofilter 产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化 n. digestion生物过滤 n. biofiltration 产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens v. digest旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler 产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 消化池 n. digestor填料 n. packings 产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水解 n. hydrolysis 污泥消化sludge digestion honeycomb-shaped packings v. hydrolysis 厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor滴滤池 trickling filter 产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation 厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process普通生物滤池 trickling filter 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧膨胀床反应器 2高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter 产甲烷 methanogenesis anaerobic expanded-bed reactor塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter 产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧流化床反应器曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter 产甲烷菌 methane formers , anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor9厌氧生物转盘厌氧塘 anaerobic pond 过滤作用 filtering actionanaerobic rotating biological contactor 曝气塘 aerated pond 吸附作用adsorption action修饰塘 polishing pond 地表漫流土地处理系统 4(自然生物处理系统熟化塘maturation lagoon overland flow land treatment system深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond 地表漫流 overland flow自然净化系统 natural purification system 三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch稳定塘 stabilization ponds 物理、化学和生物过程stabilization lagoons 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes physical , chemical , and biological processes氧化塘 oxidation ponds 关键因素 critical factors 湿地 n. wetland 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土壤类型 soil type 天然湿地natural wetland废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 气候 n. climate 人工湿地constructed wetland净化过程 purification process 土地处理系统 land treatment systems man-made wetland自然净化 natural purification 慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system 第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用污水塘 sewage lagoon 低负荷土地处理系统污泥 n. sludge稳定塘 stabilization ponds low-rate land treatment system 生活污水污泥 sewage sludgestabilization lagoons 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level 污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume氧化塘 oxidation ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation 原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 好氧塘 aerobic pond v. irrigate 新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge兼性塘 facultative pond 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 混合污泥 mixed sludge厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction 投配的废水 applied wastewater 污泥处理 sludge treatment厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition 垄—沟表面布水污泥处置 sludge disposal厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 最终处置 ultimate disposal好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems 填埋 n. landfill细菌 n. bacteria 快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land藻类 n. algae treatment system 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 微型植物 microscopic plants 渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization出流，出水 effluent flow treatment光合作用 n. photosynthesis 快速渗滤 rapid infiltration (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 污泥浓缩 sludge thickening10稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 溢流 v. overflowv. stabilize 堰 n. weir 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮浓缩 floatation thickening 厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion调理(调节) n. conditioning 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tankv. condition 气浮池 floatation tank 消化过程 digestion process脱水 n. dewatering 入流污泥 influent sludge 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion processv. dewater 污泥絮体 sludge flocs 生化反应 biochemical reactions 干化 n. drying 撇去 v. skim 有机酸 organic acids污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids污泥干燥 heat drying 甲烷气 methane gas干燥器 n. dryer 污泥消化 sludge digestion 末端产物 end product污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化池 n. digester 指示剂 n. indicator焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator 消化池装置 digester unit 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas消化 n. digestion 污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥浓缩 sludge thickening v. digest 污泥储存 sludge storage物理过程 physical process 有机固体 organic solids 消化污泥 digested sludge含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 生化分解 biochemical decomposition 充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化 aerobic digestion 消化池上清液 digester supernatant处理装置 treatment unit 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion 中温消化 mesophilic digestion浓缩池 n. thickener 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process 高温消化thermophilic degestion重力浓缩 gravity thickening 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank重力浓缩池 gravity thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统污泥脱水sludge dewatering圆形污水沉淀池 prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment 混合堆肥 co-compostingcircular sewage sedimentation tank systems刮泥机 sludge scraper 预制的接触稳定或污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs搅拌作用 stirring action prefabricated contact stabilization or底流 n. underflow 延时曝气处理系统第八部分:废水回用浓缩的底流 thickened underflow extended aeration treatment systems地表水资源 surface water resource浓缩污泥 thickened sludge BOD负荷 BOD loading 地下水资源 groundwater resource出水 n. effluent 细胞物质 cellular mass 水短缺 water scarcity上清液 n. supernatant 内源衰亡 endogenous decay 回用 n. , v. reuse11废水回用 wastewater reuse 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters 直接回用 direct reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water 直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water 间接回用indirect reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse 水费 water costs出水处理 effluent treatment 回用的城市污水回用水 reclaimed water reclaimed municipal wastewater 排放 n. , v. discharge 工业过程 industrial processes 保留 n. retention 冷却水 cooling water循环 n. recycling 锅炉给水 boiler feedwaterv. recycle 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 部分处理 n. partial treatment废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 最终用途 end use 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation 灌溉 n. irrigation 废水排放 wastewater discharge 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation 雨水回用 storm water reuse 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 可回用水reusable waterPart ?: 第九部分:市政回用 municipal reuse 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 能耗成本 energy costs 间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 运行维护 operation and maintenance 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 运行控制 operational control 取水口 n. intake 控制系统 control system 天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 仪表/控制系统人工回灌 artificial recharge instrumentation/control system 深井注射deep-well injection 自动控制系统，自控系统浅表布水 shallow surface spreading automatic control system 渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse 12。

2.翻译句子：Lesson 1.土木工程Civil engineers in this field oversee the construction of a project from beginning to end.这一领域的工程师要监督一个项目从开始到结束的整个施工过程。

Those engaged in this area of civil engineering may plan and develop communities within a city, or entire cities.该领域的工程师从事规划小区或者一个完整的城市。

These civil engineers coordinate planning of public works along with private development. They evaluate the kinds of facilities needed, including streets and highways, public transportation systems, airports, port facilities, water-supply and wastewater-disposal systems, public buildings, parks, and recreational and other facilities to ensure social and economic as well as environmental well-being.规划工程师协调公共工程和私有设施的发展。

他们评估各种设施的需求，包括街道和公路、公共运输系统，机场、港口、供水排水系统，公共建筑，公园、娱乐设施等，以保证社会、经济和环境的协调发展。

The civil engineer-manager combines technical knowledge with an ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.管理工程师将技术和组织协调劳动力、材料、机械设备、资金的能力结合起来。

给排水专业英语汇总废水处理 wastewater disposal 合流制 combined sewers UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 分流制separate sewers排水工程 sewetage engineering 污染 pollution pollute 建筑排水系统building drainage system市政工程 civil engineering 污染物 pollntant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures市政工程师 civil engineer 玷污、污染 contamination 卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures环境工程 environmental engineering 致污物 contaminant 输水系统 water transmission system水文学 hydrology 未污染 uncontaminated 漏水率 leakage rate水力学 hydranlies 水污染 water pollution 配水系统 water distribution system水环境 natural aquatic environment 水污染控制 water pollutioncontrol 环状管网 grid system流域 watershed 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 支状管网branching system水体 waterbody 污水回用 wastewater reuse 下水管道 sanitary sewer 地表水 surface water 污水节流管 intercepting sewer UNIT 2新鲜水 freshwater 水短缺 water scarcity 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system地下水 groundwater 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell含水层 aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 支管 collection sewer collector sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 供水系统 water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage地下含水层 underground aquifer 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system domestic sewage水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 建筑给水系统house water supply system domestic wastewater渗滤 infiltration 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 工业污水industrial wastewater降水 precipitation 小区 micro district 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes渗入 precolation 小社区 small community 农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes蒸发 evaporation 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 雨水rainwater stormwater蒸腾 transpiration 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 水位waterlevel城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 消防系统 fire protection system 海拔、标高 elevation水源 water source 坡度 grade 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system水资源 water resource 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 倾斜度slope取水 water withdrawal 半自动水幕系统明渠 Open channel水处理 water treatment 开挖 excavation semi automatic drencher system配水 water distribution 消火栓 hydrant 深度 excavation depth用水 water use 排水系统 drainage system 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 污水 wastewater 生活排水系统 sanitary system 水头 pressure head废水 abwasser 工业排水系统 industrial system 总水头 total head废水收集 wastewater collection 雨水排水系统 stormwater system Unit 3 水头损失 Head loss 水源 Water sources 审美 Esthetic速度头动压头 Velocity head 味 Taste供水水源 Water supples静压 Static head 原水 Raw water 嗅 Odo摩擦水头 Friction head 未处理水 Untreated water 色 Colour水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 出水 Finished water 变色Discolouration 重力流 Gravity flow 原水水质 Raw-water quality 变色Discolor水塔 Water castle 水质标准 Water quality standards 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 贮水箱 Cistern 水质要求 Water quality requirements 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 泵站 Pump station 饮用水 Drink water\potable water 浊度值 Turbidity values 给水泵站 Water pump station 自来水 Tap water 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 污水泵站Sewage station 纯水 Pure water 浑浊单位 Turdid提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 饮用水标准Drinking water standards增压泵 Booster pump 化学性质 Chemical quality 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards离心泵 Centrifugal pump 最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levels 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) maxmum allowable levels潜水艇 Submerine 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 溶解氧浓度Do level深井泵 Well pump 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧平衡 Do balance虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 人孔 Manhole 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 法兰 Flange 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 阀门 Valve 无机化合物 Inorganic chemical 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 闸阀 Gate valve 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)病原体 Pathogenic 溶解 D流速 Fluid velocity issolved (DS)层流 Laminar flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 细菌 Bacteria Unit 4大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 过渡流 Transitional flow 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 湍流 Turbulent flow 病毒 Viruses 硬度Hardness藻类 Algae 紊流 Turbulence flow 碱度 Alkalinity涡流 Eddying flow 浊度 Turbidity 盐度 Salinity雷诺数 Teynolds number 放射性 Radionuclide 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水质 Water guality 氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 处理水 Treated wastes 砂 Grit慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 回用水 Redaimed water 沙 Sand基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 水处理过程 Water processing 除砂 Grit removal 基因 Gene 收集 Collect 沉砂池 Grit chamber 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 处置 Dispose 沉淀 Settling永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 处理方法 Treatment method 沉淀池 Settling tank 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处理费用Treatment costs 澄清池 Clarifier 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理单元Treatment process 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 卤素 Halogen 运行模式Operational mode 初沉池 Primary settling tank 甲基 Methyl 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 一级出水 Primary effluent 氯仿 Trichloromethane 均匀均化 Equalization 二级处理 Secondary treatment 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 均匀 Equalize 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 调蓄水池 Equalization storage 生物处理 Biological treatment 害虫 Pest 调节池 Equalization tank 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 杀虫剂Insecticide 蓄水池二沉池 Secondary settling tank Storage tank除草剂 Herbicide 降解 Degrade 最终澄清池 Final clarifier 杀菌剂Germicide 分解 Decompose 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 细菌 Germ 分离Separate 二级出水 Secondary effluent 防腐剂 Preservative 隔离 Separation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 保证 Preserve 物理法 Physical process 深度处理 Advanced treatment 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels 发泡剂 Foaming agent 一级处理 Primary treatment泡沫 Foam 初步处理 Preliminary treatment 优异出水 High-quality polished effluent格栅筛滤 Screening 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 化肥Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile 格栅 Screen 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅 Bar screen 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理营养的 Trophic 栅条 Bars营养水平 Trophic level 钢栅条 Steel bars Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering 生态位 Niche 渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 土木工程 Civil engineering Unit 5原污水 Raw sewage 破碎 Grind 城市污水处理厂原废水 Raw wastes 除砂 Degritting Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 混合池 mixer tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 电容 Capacitance 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 絮凝器 n.flocculator sludge withdrawal 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 絮凝池flocculation tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 处理池 Treatment tank 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin负荷 Load 固体接触池 solids-contact tank负荷 Loadings 澄清 n. clarification 3(过滤 n. filtration 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 滤池 n. filter v. clarify污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清池 n. clarifier 慢滤池 slow filter 有机负荷 Organic load 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 快滤池 rapid filter 无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清水 clarifying water 高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 砂滤池 sand filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 第五部分: 物化处理沉降 n. sedimentation 快砂滤池 rapid sand filter 1(混凝 n. coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 重力滤池 gravity filter混凝过程 coagulation process 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 压力滤池pressure filter化学混凝 chemical coagulation 重力沉降 gravity settling 过滤介质，滤料 filter medium凝聚 n. aggregation 沉淀池 settling tank silica sand 石英砂絮凝 n. flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 无烟煤 n. anthracite矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth v. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 管式沉淀池 tube settler 多层滤料multilayered media混凝剂 n. coagulant 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 混合滤料 mixed media混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler 双层滤料滤池 dual media filter烧杯实验 jar test 双层滤池 two-layer filter 板式沉淀池 plate separator最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 气浮 n. floatation 粗滤料coarse media助凝剂 coagulant aid 泡沫分离 foam separation 细滤料 fine media 助凝剂 flocculation aid 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 助滤剂filter aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 气浮池 floatation tank 滤后水，滤出水filtered water快速混合 flash-mix , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent撇去 v. skim 滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer , 浮渣 n. scum 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough浮渣槽 scum trough 过滤周期 filter cycle rapid mixer清洗周期 cleaning cycle 病毒 n. viruses v. inactivate刮砂法 scraping method 藻类 n. algae 接触时间 contact time表面刮砂 surface scraping 需氯量 chlorine demand 原生动物 n.protozoa反冲洗 backwashing 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 5(氧化 n. oxidation appliedchlorine水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine , 还原 n. reduction水力分级 hydraulic grading 氧化剂 n. oxidant free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent4(消毒 n. disinfection 剩余保护 residual protection 高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process余氯 residual chlorine 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectant 余氯量 chlorine residual 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process自由余氯 free residual chlorine 高级氧化技术 (AOT) disinfectionagent杀菌剂 n. germicide 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual advanced oxidation technology消毒过程 disinfection process 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals 6(吸附 n. adsorption氯化 n. chlorination 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage 粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon预氯化 n. prechlorination 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon氯化消毒副产物 by压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber -products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 再生 n. regeneration液氯 liquid chlorine , 需臭氧量 ozone demand v. regenerate剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 吸附剂 n. adsorbent liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines 剩余臭氧 residual ozone 吸附质 n. adsorbate次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 致病微生物，病源微生物吸附床adsorption bed二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide 空床接触时间 empty bed contact time pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens 吸附带 mass transfer zone 臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses 快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test细菌 n. bacteria 臭氧化 v. ozonate 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria 伽马射线 gamma radiation 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 7(离子交换 n. ion exchange孢子，芽孢 n. spores 灭活 n. inactivation 离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger 电解 n. electrolysis 底物(基质)利用substrate utilization离子交换柱 ion exchange column 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization 生物量 n. biomass硬度 n. hardness 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping 生物反应 biological reaction除硬 hardness removal 生物氧化 biological oxidation软化 n. softening 冷却 n. cooling 生物降解 n. biodegradation冷却水 cooling water 生物降解性 n. biodegradability v. soften化学软化 chemical softening 冷却塔 cooling tower 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable沉淀软化 precipitation softening 第六部分生物处理不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 生物反应器 n. bioreactor 生物处理biological treatment微生物 n. microorganisms 废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment v. desalt去矿化 n. demineralization 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment n. microbes微生物种群 microbial population v. demineralize system离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 混合群落 mixed communities 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 细菌 n. bacteria system复床 combined bed 原生动物 n. protozoa 生物处理法 biological treatment process混合床 mixed bed 真菌 n. fungi 生物处理装置 biological treatment unit轮虫 n. rotifers 串联 in series8(膜分离 membrane separation 生长 n. growth 悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes微滤 n. microfiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 生物固体 biological solids超滤 n. hyperfiltration 世代时间 generation time 活性污泥 activated sludge纳滤 n. nanofiltration 生长速率 growth rates 附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes反渗透 reverse osmosis 环境因子 environmental factors 附着的微生物attached microbes渗透 n. osmosis 生态因子 ecological factors 微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth半透膜 semipermeable membrane 微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 生物膜 n. biofilm电渗析 n. electrodialysis 1. 迟滞期 lag phase渗析 n. dialysis 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 代谢 n. metabolism3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase v. metabolize9(其它处理方法稳定期 stationary phase 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 中和 n. neutralization 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage v. stabilize 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 生物代谢 biological metabolism v. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 内源呼吸 endogenous respiration 微生物代谢microbial metabolism化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria沉淀软化 precipitation softening 底物，基质 n. substrate好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 曝气池 aeration basin 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池 aeration chamber 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids厌氧的 a. anaerobic 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin混合液 mixed liquor厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 曝气 n. aeration solids兼性的 a. facultative 混合 n. mixing 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气系统 aeration system suspended solids好氧环境 aerobic environment 曝气器 n. aerator 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 压缩空气 compressed air 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index营养物 n. nutrients 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 鼓风机，风机 n. blower营养物去除 nutrient removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 污泥龄sludge age营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration period生物硝化 biological nitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration time硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 扩散板 plate diffuser 水力负荷 hydraulic loading生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 扩散管 tube diffuser BOD负荷BOD loading扩散罩 dome diffuser1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 微气泡 fine-bubble 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process细菌 n. bacteria 大气泡 coarse-bubble 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process生物絮体 biological floc 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activatedsludge plant 静态混合器 static mixer微生物絮体 microbial floc 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process活性污泥 activated sludge 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 分段 v. step 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 表面曝气 surface aeration进水负荷 influent load回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段进水 step loading回流污泥 returned sludge 需氧量 oxygen demand 渐减 v. taper回流污泥 recycled sludge 供气量 air supply 渐减曝气 tapered aeration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 接触稳定活性污泥法废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge contact stabilization activated sludge process废污泥 waste sludge 可沉降固体 settleable solids 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气曝气池 aeration tank 挥发性固体 volatile solids —沉淀—再曝气进水阀 influent valve aeration-sedimentation-reaeration membrane biological reactor完全好氧处理法反应阶段 react phase 2(生物膜法沉淀阶段 settle phase complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法清水，上清液 clear water 生物膜 n. biofilm上清液 n. supernatant 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法排水阶段 draw phase 生物滤池 n. biofilter滗水阶段 decant phase 生物过滤 n. biofiltration extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process 滗水装置 decant mechanism 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler延时曝气 extended aeration 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 填料 n. packings氧化沟 oxidation ditch 塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal honeycomb-shaped packings转刷曝气 rotor aeration 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal滴滤池 trickling filter笼型转刷 caged rotor 碳源 carbon source 普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) 硝化 n. nitrification 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter adsorption-biodegradation process v. nitrify序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter (SBR) process、反硝化 n. denitrification序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 生物转盘法 biodisc process v. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process 生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘 n. biodisc序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 塑料盘片 plastic discs biological denitrification序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs初沉 primary clarification 水平轴 horizontal shaft anoxic-oxic process 2 曝气 n. aeration 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 生物粘液biological slime二沉 secondary clarification 粘液层 slime layer anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process初沉池 primary clarifier A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺二沉池 secondary clarifier 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process泵送系统 pumping system 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed活性污泥法 activated sludge process 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 变体 n. variant anaerobic ammonium oxidationSBR运行周期 SBR cycle 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal moving-bed biofilm reactor处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase 膜生物反应器 (MBR) 3(厌氧生物处理厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction发酵 n. fermentation 消化 n. digestion 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically v. fermentate v. digest产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化池 n. digestor 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 细菌 n. bacteria产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 污泥消化 sludge digestion 藻类 n. algae产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor 微型植物microscopic plants水解 n. hydrolysis 厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 出流，出水effluent flow厌氧膨胀床反应器光合作用 n. photosynthesis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧流化床反应器厌氧塘anaerobic pond 2产甲烷 methanogenesis 曝气塘 aerated pond anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧生物转盘修饰塘 polishing pond产甲烷菌 methane formers , 熟化塘 maturation lagoon anaerobic rotating biological contactor深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 4(自然生物处理系统三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids自然净化系统 natural purification system 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 稳定塘 stabilization ponds 关键因素critical factors硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 土壤类型 soil type stabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds 气候 n. climate上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 慢速土地处理系统 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity 净化过程 purification process slow rate land treatment system自然净化 natural purification 低负荷土地处理系统厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR) low-rate land treatment system污水塘 sewage lagoon 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level anaerobic baffled reactor稳定塘 stabilization ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic stabilization lagoons v. irrigate氧化塘 oxidation ponds 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 产酸相 acidogenic phase 兼性塘 facultative pond 投配的废水 applied wastewater好氧生化反应垄—沟表面布水产甲烷相 methanogenic phase aerobic biochemical reaction浓缩的底流 thickened underflow ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 浓缩污泥 thickened sludge 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization 出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening 溢流 v. overflow污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 堰 n. weir treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 气浮浓缩floatation thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation v. stabilize过滤作用 filtering action 稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮池floatation tank吸附作用 adsorption action 调理(调节) n. conditioning 入流污泥influent sludge地表漫流土地处理系统污泥絮体 sludge flocs v. condition脱水 n. dewatering 撇去 v. skim overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer v. dewater 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch 干化 n. drying物理、化学和生物过程污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 污泥消化 sludge digestion污泥干燥 heat drying 消化池 n. digester physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland 干燥器 n. dryer 消化池装置 digester unit天然湿地 natural wetland 污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化 n. digestion人工湿地 constructed wetland 焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator v. digest 有机固体 organic solids man-made wetland污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 生化分解 biochemical decomposition第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用物理过程 physical process 好氧消化aerobic digestion污泥 n. sludge 含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion生活污水污泥 sewage sludge 稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume 处理装置 treatment unit 活性污泥池activated sludge tank原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 浓缩池 n. thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge 重力浓缩 gravity thickening prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener systems混合污泥 mixed sludge 圆形污水沉淀池预制的接触稳定或污泥处理 sludge treatment circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处置 sludge disposal 刮泥机 sludge scraper 延时曝气处理系统最终处置 ultimate disposal 搅拌作用 stirring action extended aeration treatment systems填埋 n. landfill 底流 n. underflow BOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass 废水回用 wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water内源衰亡 endogenous decay 直接回用 direct reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 水费 water costs厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 间接回用 indirect reuse 回用的城市污水厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank 出水处理 effluent treatment 工业过程 industrial processes 消化过程 digestion process 回用水 reclaimed water 冷却水 cooling water 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process 排放 n. , v. discharge 锅炉给水boiler feedwater 生化反应 biochemical reactions 保留 n. retention 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 有机酸 organic acids 循环 n. recycling 废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system v. recycle 甲烷气 methane gas 部分处理 n. partial treatment 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation 末端产物 end product 最终用途 end use 废水排放 wastewater discharge 指示剂 n. indicator 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 雨水回用 storm water reuse 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas 灌溉 n. irrigation 可回用水 reusable water 污泥沉淀 sludge settling 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation Part ?: 第九部分:污泥储存 sludge storage 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 消化污泥 digested sludge 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge 市政回用 municipal reuse 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 消化池上清液 digester supernatant 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 能耗成本 energy costs 中温消化 mesophilic digestion 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行维护 operation and maintenance 高温消化 thermophilic degestion 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 运行控制 operational control间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 控制系统 control system污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 仪表/控制系统混合堆肥 co-composting 取水口 n. intake instrumentation/control system天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 自动控制系统，自控系统污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 人工回灌 artificial recharge automatic control system深井注射 deep-well injection第八部分:废水回用浅表布水 shallow surface spreading地表水资源 surface water resource 渗透 n. percolation地下水资源 groundwater resource 工业回用 industrial reuse水短缺 water scarcity 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters回用 n. , v. reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water。

Trench n.沟，渠Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水Foul n.污浊的Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的Distillation n.蒸馏（法）Still n.蒸馏器Filtration n.过滤Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积Grate v.装格栅于Basin n.水池，水槽Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品Anticipate vt.促进Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的Nutrient n.养分，养料Medium n.介质，培养基Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻Protozoa n.原生动物Inorganics n.无机物Seep vi.渗入Effluent n.污水，废水Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒Cholera n.霍乱Round n.循环，周期Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加Distil v.蒸馏Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析Brackish a.稍咸的Estuary n.河口，海湾Osmosis n.渗透性Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂Settlting n.沉淀Settling out 沉淀出来Coarse a.粗粒的，大的Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体Filtration n.过滤，澄清Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等）Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用Detract v.降低，减损Rayon n.人造丝Cellulose n.纤维素Starch n.淀粉Odour n.气味，臭气Secretion n.分泌液Fungi n.真菌Phenol n.（苯）酚Chlorine n.氯气Malodorous a.恶臭的Chlorophenols n.氯酚Break-point chlorination 折点加氯Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯Ozone n.臭氧Silica n.二氧化硅Transparency n.透明（性，度）Mastic n.胶粘剂p.p.m=parts per million 百万分之（几）Coalesce vi.凝聚Decolorize vt.漂白Conductivity n.传导性Resistivity n.电阻性Bacteriological a.细菌学的Alkaline n./a.碱性，碱性的Acidity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.（强）碱性Corrosive a.腐蚀的Water-supply 给水的Storage reservoir 蓄水库（池）Pipeline n.管道（线）Distribution reservoir 配水库（池）Distribution pipe 配水管网High demands 高峰用水量Supply source 水源Air conditioning equipment 空调设备Water （supply）engineer 给水工程师The fire department 消防部门Catchment n.集水（量），汇水Catchment area 集水区Rainfall n.降雨量Refill v.再装满Runoff n.径流（量）Infiltration n.渗透（入）Infiltration water 渗透水Evaporation n.蒸发Evaporation water 蒸发水Impounding v.贮（水）备灌溉用Impounding reservoir 蓄水池Recharge v.再装，再补充Purify v.使纯净，使洁净Compressor n.压缩机Limestone n.石灰石Porous a.多孔的Formation n.地（岩）层Limestone formation 石灰岩层Porous formation 多空岩层Plumbing n.（自来水，卫生）管道（装置）室内给排水系统（管道，工程）System of plumbing 卫生工程系统（体系）Circulatory a.循环的，流通的Outbreak n.爆发，破裂Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Cross-connection 交叉传染Submerged a.水面下的Inlet n.进（气，水）口Submerged inlet 淹没式入口，进水口淹没Vent n.通风（排气）管（口）；排除，放气Deteriorate v.变质，损坏Appurtenance n.附属物，设备，附件，附属建筑（装置）Sanitary or storm drainage 生活用水或雨水的排放Distribution n.分布，配给Multitude n.许多，大批（量）A multitude of 许多的，众多的Uphill n.a.ad. 上坡，向上Valve n.阀门，开关Microbe n.微生物Lactic a.乳的Lactic acid 乳酸Breakdown n.分解，离解Fermentation n.发酵Equation n.反应式，公式Oxidize v.使氧化Acetic a.醋酸的，醋酸Oxidation n.氧化作用Atmospheric a.大气中的，空气的Butyric a.丁酸的，奶油的，丁酸Bacteria n.细菌Proliferate v.繁殖，繁衍Anaerobic a.厌氧的，厌气的Derivative a.转生的，派生的，衍生物Specialize v.使专门化，特殊化Attack vt.（化学）腐蚀，锈蚀Nutrition n.营养（学）Culture n.培养，养殖Media n.培养基Synthesize v.（人工）合成Preform vt.预先形成Biochemical a.生物化学的Municipal a.城市的Unsaturated a.未饱和的Suspended water 悬着水Intermolecular a.分子间的Aeration n.曝气，通气The zone of aeration 通气层Remainder n.剩余物Capillary a.n.毛细管的Fringe n.边缘，端Transpire v.蒸发，气化Compaction n.压实，压缩Pore n.小孔Intergranular a.颗粒间的Permeability n.渗透性，透气性Recharge well 回灌井Hydraulic a.水力学的Coefficient n.系数Substrate n.基质，底质Sediment n.沉积物Adjacent a.邻近的，相邻的Sodium n.钠Sodium chloride 氯化钠Ion n.离子Conduit n.导管，水管Sewerage n.下水道，污水（排水）工程（系统）Elevation n.高度，海拔Confines n.界限，范围，边界Rectangular a.矩（长方）形的Laminar a.层（式、状、流）的Turbulent a.湍流的Irrigation n.灌溉Nonuniform a.不均匀的，变化的Retard vt.延迟，减速流Retarded flow 滞流，减速流Component n.分（力，量，支）The component of the gravity 重力的分量Shear n.剪（切，力）切（变，力）Shear force 切力，剪力Spillway n.溢洪道Profile n.轮廓，断面（图）Resulting a.所引起（产生）的Resulting profile 所形成的剖面图Sanitary a.关于环境卫生的，卫生的Hydraulic a.水力的，水力学的，水压的Aqueduct n.沟渠，导水管，高架渠Reveal v.泄露，显示Archeological a.考古学的Pipeline n.管道线，输送管Cloaca n.暗渠，下水道，厕所Sewer n.污水池Cesspool n.阴沟，污水管，排水管，下水道Metropolis 首都，大城市，文化商业中心Tributary a.附属的，支流的Lawsuit n.诉讼Downstream a.ad.顺流的，在下游的Sewage n.污水，污物Range v.延伸，探寻，涉及Watershed n.流域，集水区Bedrock n.基岩Rainfall n.降雨，降水，降雨量Divert vt.转移，使转向Ecosystem n.生态系统Biosphere n.生物圈Biotope n.群落生境Inanimate a.非动物的Spatial a.空间的Biocoenosis n.生物群落Moor n.荒野，沼Savannah n.热带大草原Deciduous a.（在成熟期或一定季节）脱落的Flora n.植物群Fauna n.动物群Habitat n.栖息地Climatic a.气候的Terrestrial a.陆地的Aquatic a.水生的Abiotic a.非生物的Ecological a.生态的Autotrophic a.自养的Chloroplast a.叶绿体Herbaceous a.草本的Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Assimilation n.吸收Heterotrophic a.异养的Herbivore a.食草的Decompose vt.分解Detritus n.腐质Invertebrate a.无脊椎的Carnivore n.食肉动物Arable a.适于耕作的Fluctuate v.波动，涨落Quantitative a.定量的Amplitude n.广大，充足Genetic a.遗传的Botanic a.植物的Compensate vt.补偿Integrated plant protection 综合植物保护Terminal community 最终群落Burgeon vt.发展，展开Deterioration n.恶化，变质Airborne a.空中的Adverse effect 反作用，不利影响Manifest a.明显的vt.表明，证明Catalytic a.催化的Copolymer n.共聚物Toxicity n.毒性，毒力Abatement n.减少，除去Emission n.散发，发射（物）Unrelenting a.不退让的，不松懈的Fusion n.合并，联合Megalopolis n.大城市（由几个城市及郊区连成者）Sparsely ad.稀疏地，稀少地Pollutant n.污染物Reside v.住（留），属于，与……靠得很近Juxtaposition n.并列，并置Severity n.严重性Intensification n.加强，强化Segment n.部分，分布Contaminant n.污染物质，杂质Internal combustion engine 内燃机Per capita 每人口Solid refuse 固体废物，固体垃圾Incinerator n.焚化炉，化灰炉Degradation n.退化，降低Originate vi.发起，发生Affluent a.富足的，丰富Dilution n.冲淡，稀释Dispersion n.分散（作用）弥散Irritation n.刺激，兴奋Hazardous a.有害的Handling characteristics 处理特性Garbage n.垃圾，废料Serve to 用于……Inoffensive a.无害的Inherent a.固有的，内在的Compost vt.把……做成堆肥Raw material 原材料Incineration n.焚化Supervision n.监督，管理Overweight vt.在重量上超过Densely ad.密集地，稠密地Landfill vi.土地掩埋Haul vt.用力拖（或拉）Option n.选择，选择权Municipal solid waste(MSW) 城市固体废物Ecological perspective 生态学观点Recoverable a.可重获的，可找到的Burial n.埋葬Pyrolysis n.热解作用Pyrolysis furnace 干馏炉，热解炉Destructive a.破坏性的Endothermic a.吸热的Exothermic a.放热的Oxygen-free environment 无氧环境Self-sustaining a.自给的Methane n.甲烷Methanol n.甲醇Tar n.焦油Combustible a.可燃的，易燃的Pose vt.造成，形成Aesthetic a.美学的Restrain…from(doing) 制止……（干）……Waste disposal 废物处理Feasibility n.可行性Enactment n.颁布Enforcement n.实施Combined sewer （system）合流制下水管（系统）Separated sewer (system) 分流制下水管（系统）Drain off 把……排除Bypass vt.越过，绕……走Minimize vt.使减少到最少Dilute vt.冲淡Settle out 沉淀出来Municipality n.市，市政府Undesirable a.讨厌的，令人不快的Inadequate a.不足的，不适当的Be acted on 受……作用Notably ad.显著地，著名地Tertiary a.第三极的Leach vt.滤去（物质）Leaching field 滤液场Septic a.引起腐烂的Septic tank 化粪池Detention n.滞留Interact vi.互相作用，互相影响Quest vi.追求，探索Biophysical a.生物物理学的Arithmetical a.算术的Coverage n.覆盖率Priority n.重点，优先Quantitative a.数量的，定量的Hygienic a.卫生的，卫生学的Indisputable a.无可争辩的，无可置疑的Programmer n.规划，订计划者Nationwide a.全国性的Criterion n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则Continuity n.连续性，持续性Forthcoming a.即将到来的，即将出现的Coherent a.一致的，粘附的Sustainable a.持续的，能忍受的Initiative n.倡议，首创精神Legislation n.立法，法规Implementation n.履行，实施Assessment n.评估，估价Underlying a.根本的，基础的Institutional a.制度上的，惯例的Undertaker n.承担者，承办人Water undertaker 自来水厂Privatization n.私有化Inspection n.检查，视察Entity n.实体，统一体。

abdicate 退位放弃abrasion 磨损absorb 吸收吸引adsorb 吸附abutting 邻接的acclimation 驯化适应环境accommodate 容纳调和供应；适应acetic 醋的乙酸的acidic 酸的酸性的acreage 英亩数面积act 法令发案acute 急性的剧烈的activate 使激活使活动activated－sludge processes 活性污泥法adaptability 适应性address 专注于致力于aeration 曝气通风aerator 曝气器aerobic 好养的依靠氧气的aestheically 感关上的美学观点上的affordability （经济上）可承受性agglomerate 使成团使凝聚/大团大块/凝聚的agitate 搅动agitation 搅动搅拌兴奋algae 藻类海藻algal 海藻的藻类的alkaline 碱性的碱的alkalinity 碱度allot （按份额）分配分派alum 明矾aluminum 铝ambient 周围的/周围环境ambient water quality sdandard水环境质量标准amend 修正改正amendment 修正案改正改善ammonia 氨水ammonium 铵anaerobic 厌氧性的anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerobic digester 厌氧消化池anion 阴离子anionic polyelectrolyte 阴离子聚合电解质antagonist 敌手对手anthracite 无烟煤apparatus 器械设备仪器apportion 分配appropriation 据为己有、占有n appropriator 专有者、占用者appropriative 专用的、可拨用的aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的aqueduct 沟渠、导水管aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层arid 干旱的、贫瘠的arsenic 砒霜artesian well 喷水井自流井assess 估计、评价attainable 可到达的可得到的attorney 律师（业务或法律意义上的）代理人authorization 授权、认可backup 回溯备份backwash 反洗反冲洗bacterial 细菌的bacteriological 细菌学上的、细菌学的bacterium 细菌baffle 挡板导流板/阻碍barge 驳船用船运输barium 钡basement 地下室墙脚be entitled to 有...的资格benzene 苯bicarbonate 重碳酸盐biochemical 生物化学的bio-contact oxidation process生物接触氧化法biodegradable 可生物降解的biological tower 生物塔滤biomass 生物量blockage 封锁妨碍堵塞blowoff valve 排污阀排空阀bond 粘接结合粘接剂brackish estuary 咸水河口branch system 枝状管网breakpoint chloranation 折点加氯breakthrough 突破穿透brook trout 鲑鱼（大马哈鱼为其一种）burial 埋葬淹没buried cast-iron pipeline埋地铸铁管道buried premade concrete round pipeline埋地预制砼圆形管道buried prestressed concrete pipeline埋地管芯缠丝预应力砼管buried rectangular pipeline埋地矩形管道buried steel sketelon polyethylene fule gas pipeline 埋地钢骨架聚乙烯燃气管道buried unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipeline埋地聚氯乙稀管道calico 印花布白棉布carbohydrate 碳水化合物糖类carbonate 碳酸盐炭化carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳carp 鲤鱼carry－over n. 遗留遗留物casebook 个案记录簿cation 阳离子centrifugate 以离心力分出之物ceramic 陶器的陶瓷制品chloramine 氯铵chloride 氯化物chlorination 加氯消毒氯化chlorinator 氯化机加氯机chlorine 氯气chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯chlorite 亚氯酸盐cholera 霍乱chromium 铬Cincinnati辛辛提那（美国俄亥俄州西南部城市）circumferentail 圆周地clam 蛤clarifier－flocculator 反应－澄清池clarification 澄清净化clarifier 澄清池澄清器clay 粘土泥土climax 高潮顶点clog 障碍堵塞coagulant 混凝剂coagulate 凝结凝结的coagulation 混凝凝结凝结物coarse aggregate 粗糙骨料codify 编成法典coliform 大肠菌像大肠菌的collision 冲突碰撞colloid 胶体胶体的colloidal 胶体的colloidal clay 胶质粘土combined chlorine residual结合性余氯、化合性余氯combustion 燃烧commentary 解说词comminution 粉碎comminutor 粉碎机compensate 偿还补偿complex 复杂的compusory 必须的义务的condition 调质调理调节conducive 有益于conerstone 基石基础configuration 构造结构配置consolidation 压实固结巩固conspicuously 显著地超群地constraint 强迫抑制约束contact stabilization process 接触稳定工艺contaminate vt污染，弄脏n受到污染的、污染物致污物contiguous 邻近的、毗邻的continuity 连续性连贯性contour 轮廓等高线controversial 争论的争议的convective 传送的、对流的conveyance 运输输水运输工具copper pipeline铜管corrugated 使起波纹状的缩成皱纹状的criterion （pl.criteria）标准、规范critical level 临界水平临界浓度cross－flow 横向流动crystallization 结晶化culinary 厨房的烹调用的厨房用的culture 培养培育cyanide 氰化物decay coefficient衰减系数decomposition 分解腐烂definition 定义、解说degasifier 脱气器消除毒气剂degrade 使降解使退化deioniz 去除离子depict 描述、描写depletion 损耗deposit 沉淀物堆积物存放堆积沉淀derivative 引出的派生的事物desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化desilt 挖除淤泥沉砂dessicant 干燥的干燥剂desultory 散漫的、簿连贯的dewater 使脱水dewaterability 脱水能力dewpoint 结露点diagram 图表、图解diagrammatically 用图解法地diaphragm 隔膜横隔膜膜片dichloramine 二氯铵dichloroethane 二氯乙烷dichloroethylene 二氯乙烯dichotomy 两分、二分法、分裂digest 消化分类摘要digester 消化器消化池digestion 消化领悟digestive tract 消化道dioxide 二氧化物discard 丢弃、放弃discharge 流出排出流量放电discharger 卸料器排污对象disinfecation byproducts 消毒副产品disinfection 消毒disperse 使分散使散开疏散disposal 处置处理dissolved oxygen sag curves 氧垂曲线dissociate 电离分离distill 蒸馏distribution system 配水系统分配系统diversion 转移、转换、绕道doctrine 教条、学说do justice to 公平对待正确处理donwflow 向下流drain 排水沟排水流干drainage 排水排水区域排水装置droplet 小滴dropping 滴下物兽粪ducal palace of Venice 威尼斯公爵的宫殿dump 倾倒垃圾倾泻durable 持久的耐用的dwelling 住宅、住处dynamic 动力的动力学的动态的ecological 生态学的ecosystem 生态系统effluent 流出的流出物出水污水electrostatic 静电的静电学的elicit 得出、引出、抽出elucidate 阐明、说明emergency 突发情况emergency backup 事故储备eminent 显赫的杰出的endogenous 内生的内生长的endogenous growth phase 内源生长期endorse 签注（文件）认可签署enmeshment 网捕包络卷扫ensue 跟着发生，继起enteric 肠的environmental 环境的、周围的equilibria（n.pl.）均衡平衡equivalent 相等的等量的erode 侵蚀腐蚀受腐蚀（vt&vi）erosion 腐蚀侵蚀Escherichia coli 埃希式大肠菌esthetics 美学estuarine 河口的江口的estuary 河口江口et al. 等人及其他人（拉丁语）eutrophic 富营养的eutrophication 富营养化超营养作用evaporate 使蒸发、消失evolve （使）发展放出释放excrement 排泄物大便excrete 排泄分泌exhaust 排气废气用尽耗尽extraneous 无关系外来的extra-thin-wall stainless steel and plastic composite pipeline超薄壁不锈钢复合管道farmstead 农场及其建筑物fatigue failure 疲劳破坏feeder 进料器投加设备feeder main 输水干管进水总管feedline 进料管线feedstock 给料加工原料feedwater 供水补给水fermentation 发酵filter 滤池过滤filter－fly larvae 滤池蝇幼虫fire flow 消防流量fixed film 固定膜flexibal jiont cast iron pipe system柔性接口铸铁管flexibility 弹性适应性floc 絮凝体矾花flocculate 絮凝凝聚flocculator 絮凝池反应池flotation 浮选flowrate 流量fluidization 使液化流化fluoride 氟化物fluidize 使液化使流态化fluosilicic acid 氟硅酸flush 冲洗淹没follow suit 跟着做跟着出牌forfeiture 丧失、没收物、罚款fragile 易碎的脆弱的free chlorine residual 游离性余氯freeflowing 重力流fresh water 淡水、湖水freshwater 淡水的、河水的fungi 真菌类似真菌的gal.（1US gallon＝3.785L）game fish 供垂钓的鱼garnet 石榴石深红色gauge 量器、表、标准尺寸geographical 地理学的地理的geography 地理地理学geometry constraint 几何约束Glasgow 格拉斯哥（苏格兰中南部）gradient 梯度/倾斜的graduation 分级刻度毕业grant 同意准予承认granular 颗粒状的granular activate carbon 颗粒状活性炭gravel 沙砾沙砾层grease 油脂贿赂grid 隔栅网格grit 粗砂；研磨grooved coupling of pipeline沟槽式连接管道guarantee 保证、担保、保证书）habitat （动植物）的生活环境。

UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewetage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water新鲜水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水wastewater废水abwasser废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollntant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollutioncontrol水污染防治water pollutionprevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface waterresource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house watersupply system分区供水系统dual distributionsystem小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold watersupply system热水供水系统hot water supplysystem消防系统fire protectionsystem喷淋系统fire protectionsprinkler system自动水幕系统automaticdrencher system半自动水幕系统semi automaticdrencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrialsystem雨水排水系统stormwatersystem合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainagesystem卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmissionsystem漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributionsystem环状管网grid system支状管网branching system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管interceptingsewer污水节流系统interceptingsewer system污水节流井sewageintercepting cell支管collection sewercollector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrialwastewater工业污水/液/物industrialwastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖excavation深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station 污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant 增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump 潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality 水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water 饮用水标准Drinking waterstandards饮用水一级标Primary drinkingwater standards最大允许浓度Maxmumpermissible levelsmaxmumallowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmumcontaminant levels主要污染物Primarycontaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Syntheticorganic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatileorganic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Microorganisms\microbes微生物污染Microbialcontaminants病原微生物Pathogenic microorganisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parametersof water quality水的物理性质Physical qualityof water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters ofwater quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahlnitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspendedsolids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron andmanganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardousmaterials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractoryorganic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistentorganic pollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment 初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondarytreatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polishedeffluent废水处理厂Wastewatertreatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatmentplant二级处理厂Secondarytreatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewatertreatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewatertreatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatmentcapacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipaltreatment facilities多反应器设施Multi-reactorfacility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikineticflocculation同向絮凝orthokineticflocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimumcoagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank 絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier 澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator 气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentationbasin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual mediafilter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filtereffluent滤前水，滤池进水filterinfluent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulicbackwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfectionby-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-productsof chlorination化学消毒剂chemicaldisinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodiumhypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n.ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultravioletradiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorinedosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯freechlorine ,free availablechlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residualchlorine自由氯余量free chlorineresidual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powderedactivated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granularactivated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granularactivated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activatedcarbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorptioncolumn吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bedcontact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scalecolumn test生物活性炭(BAC) biologicalactivated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchangeresin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchangecolumn硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitationsoftening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv.desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ionexchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchangedesalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeablemembrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemicalprecipitation沉淀软化precipitationsoftening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbialpopulation混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors 微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growthphase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction 生物氧化biological oxidation 生物降解n. biodegradation 生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment 废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatmentprocesses生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attachedmicrobes微生物附着生长attachedmicrobial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n.stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biologicalmetabolism微生物代谢microbialmetabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobicmicroorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobicenvironment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen andphosphorus removal生物硝化biologicalnitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification生物除磷biologicalphosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludgeprocess微生物n. microorganismsn. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returnedactivated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)wasteactivated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completelymixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludgetank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机aircompressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n.cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器airdiffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration 表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process标准活性污泥法standardactivated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventionalactivated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aerationactivated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activatedsludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatmentprocess高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed)activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activatedsludge process延时曝气法extended aerationprocess延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradationprocess序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequencing batch reactor (SBR)process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequential batch reactor (SBR)processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR)sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequentialbatch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludgeprocess变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idlephase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocessA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor 生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter 高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter 曝气生物滤池(BAF)biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs 水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed 生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilmreactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenicphase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenicfermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producingacetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatilefatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducingbacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffledreactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phaseanaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobicdigestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bedreactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bedreactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotatingbiological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统naturalpurification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统landtreatment systems废水土地处理land treatmentof wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system 渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatmentsystem地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collectionditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , andbiological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludgevolume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥freshsludge消化污泥，熟污泥digestedsludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volumereduction污泥稳定化sludgestabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n.stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilizedsludge调理（调节）n.conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n.incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n.incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥waterysludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewagesedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickenedunderflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatationthickening溶气气浮dissolved-airfloatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludgelayer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment systems 预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay 厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digestersupernatant中温消化mesophilicdigestion高温消化thermophilicdegestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface waterresource地下水资源groundwaterresource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用directwastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirectwastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partialtreatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipalwastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwaterrecharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用directmunicipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirectmunicipal reuse供水系统，给水系统watersupply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力naturalassimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surfacespreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水processwastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optionaltreatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipalwastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigationwith wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reusefor irrigation废水排放wastewaterdischarge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

给排水专业英语（Profession-related Englis h—Water and Wastewater Engineering）前期知识：补充给排水常用专业词汇Civil Engineering 土木工程Dept. of Water Engineering and Scence水工程与科学系Water and Wastewater Engineering给水排水工程Water Supply and Drainage Engineering给水排水工程Municipal Engineering市政工程Water-supply Engineering给水工程Drainage Engineering排水工程Building of Water and Wastewater Engineering建筑给水排水工程Hydraulics水力学Hydrology水文学Hydrogeology水文地质学Pump and Pumping Station泵与泵站Theoretical Mechanics理论力学Structal Mechanics结构力学Material Mechanics材料力学Water Resource Utilization and Protection水资源利用与保护Water Network Engineering 给水管道工程Wastewater Network Engineering排水管道工程Water Physico-chemical Purification Engineering水质物理化学净化工程Water Biological Purification Engineering水质生物净化工程Part ⅠWater Resource and Legisation （第一部分水资源与立法）Unit 1 The Hydrologic Cycle（第一单元水循环）New Words（专业词汇）（1）legislation n.立法legislate v.立法、法规legislative adj. 立法的legislator议员、立法者legislature立法机关legist法律机关（2）hydrologic adj.水文（学）的hydrological adj.水文（学）的the hydrologic cycle 水循环hydrologic date station 水文（资料）站hydrologic atlas水文图集hydrology 水文学hydrologist水文学家hydro-词头水的、水文的、液体的、氢化的hydromechanics流体（水）力学hydrochemistry水文化学hydroenergy水能hydrogen氢hydrocarbon碳氢化合物（3）hydraulic水力（利）的、水力学的hydraulics水力学（4）distillation n. 蒸馏（作用）distillate n.蒸馏液、馏出物distill v.蒸馏、提取……精华distiller 蒸馏器（5）evaporation 蒸发transpiration蒸腾（6）channel 渠、槽、渠道hydraulician水力学家hydrant消火栓、给水栓distillation process 蒸馏法distilled water 蒸馏水distilling tower 蒸馏塔channel flow 明渠流channel lead 航道channel regulation 河道整治channeler 开沟机、挖槽机（7）reservoir 水库、蓄水池Storage reservoir 贮水池（8）precipitation降水、降水量、沉淀precipitation curve沉淀曲线precipitate v.落（降）下、沉降precipitant 沉淀剂channel steel 槽钢channelization 渠化water reservoir 水库distribution reservoir 配水库precipitation efficiency沉淀效率precipitation enhancement人工降雨precipitable 可沉淀的Unit 2 The World Fresh Water Resource （第二单元世界淡水资源）补充：相关专业词汇及其概念面临缺水(water scarcity)用水紧张(water stress)水危机(water crisis)·管理型缺水（management type water short）非干旱地区人均供水量大于500m3（或干旱地区人均供水量大于2000m3）的地区，总供水量可以基本满足需求，只是由于各种原因使该地区出现暂时性缺水，一般可以通过节水挖潜、资源合理配置等措施解决，称为管理型缺水地区。

给水排水工程与环境工程专业英语杨维课后答案1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy :耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken :贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air :烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions :全球状况haves and have-nots :富人和穷人underprivileged :社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna :热带大草原，稀树草原predator :食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions :环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because theysit on the shelf too long become waste.原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。

(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the processchemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。

大学专业英语阅读教程（给水排水与环境工程）单词总结1、hydrology水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle水文循环4、freshwater淡水的、河水的5、fresh water淡水、湖水6、precipitate沉降、下沉7、evaporate使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint结露点9、droplet小滴10、Ideal Gas Law理想气体定律11、orographic山岳的、山形的12、terrane岩层13、convective传送的、对流的14、schematic示意的15、diagram图表、图解16、hydraulic水力的、水力学的17、precipitation降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict描述、描写20、diagrammatically用图解法地21、physical works实际构筑物22、meteorologist气象学者23、hydrologist水文学者24、hail（下）冰雹25、sleet冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack积雪场27、thaw解冻28、discard丢弃、放弃29、environmental环境的、周围的30、marketable时宜销售的31、isolated隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue纽约麦迪逊大街33、integral整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological生态学的35、harbor隐匿、庇护36、aquatic水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem生态系统38、species物种、式样39、aqueduct沟渠、导水管40、desalinate去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer（土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary根本的、未发展的46、malaria疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera霍乱49、wetland湿地、沼泽地50、habitat（动植物）的生活环境。