英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴
的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.
人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特
拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。
7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，
而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即
将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，
意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合
起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为
鲜明生动的表现出来。
8. The most famous dramatists in the
Renaissance England are Christopher
Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and
Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著
名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威
廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。
9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the
first important English essayist.费兰
西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的
散文家。
(I)Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞
10. the theme of Redcrosse is not
“Arms and the man,” but something
more romantic-“Fierce wars and
faithful loves.”《仙后》的主题并非
“男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩
的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。
11. It is Spenser’s idealism, his love
of beauty, and his exquisite melody
that make him known as “the poets’
poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美
的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是
他成为“诗人中的诗人”。
(II)Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵
夫.马洛
12. As the most gifted of the
“University Wits,” M arlowe
composed six plays within his short
lifetime. Among them the most
important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I
& II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta
and Edward II.马洛是当时“大学才
子”中最富才华的人，在他短暂的一
生中，他完成了六部剧本的创作。
其中最负盛名的是：《帖木尔》，
《浮士德博士的悲剧》，《马耳他
岛的犹太人》以及《爱德华二世》。
13. Marlowe’s greatest achievement
lies in that he perfected the blank
verse and made it the principal
medium of English drama.马洛的艺
术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，并
使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体
形式。
14. Marlowe’s second achievement
is his creation of the Renaissance
hero for English drama.马洛的第二
项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的
英雄形象。
15. His brilliant achievement as a
whole raised him to an eminence as
the pioneer of English drama.他对戏
剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，
它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。
16. The passionate shepherd to his
love激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘
This short poem is considered to be
one of the most beautiful lyrics in
English literature.这首短诗是英国
文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。
(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士
比亚
17. The first period of his dramatic
career, he wrote five history plays:
Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard
III, and Titus Andronicus; and four
comedies: The Comedy of Errors,
The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The
Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s
Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的
第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：
《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰
托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错
误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，
《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。
18. In the second period, he wrote
five histories: Richard II, King John,
Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry
V; six comedies: A Midsummer
Night’s Dream, The Merchant of
Venice, Much Ado About Nothing,
As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and
The Merry Wives of Windsor; and
two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and
Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了
五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约
翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五
世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，
《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，
《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温
莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.
凯撒》。
19. Shakespeare’s third period
includes his greatest tragedies and
his so-called dark comedies. The
tragedies of this period are Hamlet,
Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,
Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and
Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two
comedies are All’s Well That Ends
and Measure for Measure.第三阶段
诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称
的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：
《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李
尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利
奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西
达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜
剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。
20. The last period of Shakespeare’s
work includes his principle romantic
tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline,
The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest;
and his two plays: Henry VIII and
The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个
时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：
《伯
里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》
与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨
利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。
21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the
only direct expression of the poet’s
own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎
翁直抒胸臆的成果。
22. Shakespeare’s history plays are
mainly written under the principle
that national unity under a mighty
and just sovereign is a necessity.莎
翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在
一个强大英明的君主统领下的国
家，统一是非常必要的。
23. In his romantic comedies,
Shakespeare takes an optimistic
attitude toward love and youth, and
the romantic elements are brought
into full play.在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎
士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青
春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。
24. The successful romantic tragedy
is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes
the faithfulness of love and the spirit
of pursuing happiness.莎翁在其成
功的浪漫主义悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽
叶》，颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福
的追求。
