考研英语阅读理解172组同意替换词汇
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Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略,无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存,活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的,例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随,跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的,自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升,增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体,团体,社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及,使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资,收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解,见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍,危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的,心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练,演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法,功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的,雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的,根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张,扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出,放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况,状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含,包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心,担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的,正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的,加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸,突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出,承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展,生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的,现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制,期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明,显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈,前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手,竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误,缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引,使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期,期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从,顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开,发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的,与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的,遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降,放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的,绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的,丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张,夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识,观念,看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象,感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲,曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排,处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物,散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少,减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期,推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试,努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机,动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源,来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含,牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的,独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴,伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行,发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务,工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲,歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解,想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用,使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养,养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上,压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的,开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而,但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果,后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服,战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始,投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想,设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉,觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍,困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人,伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行,管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金,基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断,打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的,珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备,怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励,刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的,不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含,围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的,普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新,开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的,可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望,希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉,领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者,居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果,因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终,到处,全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出,产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的,不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎,打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持,坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张,扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查,调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论,争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉,发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示,信号,暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励,促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管,不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证,确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
雅思阅读同义词的替换1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略,无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的.观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存,活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把和相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.【雅思阅读同义词的替换】相关文章:1.雅思同义词替换大全2.雅思阅读同义词替换介绍3.雅思阅读同义词替换的内容4.雅思阅读同义词替换大全5.雅思阅读替换同义词的详解6.雅思听力的同义词替换有哪些类型7.剑桥阅读替换同义词8.英语常见同义词替换。
各位同学:整理考研英语近义近形词汇辨析资料是一个很艰辛的过程,这次时间太短,考试又只剩下一个多月,所以没办法再进一步整理精简。
希望同学们拿到资料之后,心态平和,先通读一遍,把一些自己早就能辨析清楚的全部划掉,剩下部分在考前反复看,注意我们注释中词与词意思上的差别。
到考场上就能高效应对完形填空中的近义近形词辨析了。
祝大家考试顺利!吴耀武考研英语近义近形词辨析(一)1. adapt 适应adopt 收养2. alive 活着的living 活的,起作用的lively 活泼的live 直播(节目)3. alone 单独的,孤独的lonely 寂寞的,(地方)偏僻的4. attribute 归结与contribute 贡献distribute 分发tribute 贡品,礼物5. afford 供应得起effort 努力6. believe 相信relieve 减轻7.confirm 确定confine 限制confess 承认confuse 使糊涂refuse 拒绝8. commit 犯(错误)submit 递交permit 允许admit 承认omit 省略9. cure 治愈curve 使弯曲curse 诅咒10. considerate 考虑周到的considerable 相当多的considering 考虑到,顾及11. clear 清楚的clean 清洁的12. definite 明确的infinite 无限的define 定义13. different 不同的indifferent 无关紧要的14. disappoint 使失望disapprove 不赞成15. deceive 欺骗receive 收到16. expensive 昂贵的experiment 实验17. ensure 保证assure 担保insure 给…保险18. expensive 昂贵的expansive 易扩张的extensive 广阔的intensive 强烈的19. expense 费用expansion 膨胀extension 扩充exposure 暴露20. efficient 有效的sufficient 充分的effective 有效的21. harvest 收获harness 马具22. high 高的highly 非常23. imply 暗示apply 应用supply 提供reply 答复24. impose 强加expose 揭露propose 计划suppose 假设25. inspect 检查expect 期待respect 尊敬suspect 怀疑26. include 包含conclude 结束27. infect 传染effect 结果affect 影响28.inquire 询问require 需要acquire 获得29.interfere 干涉interrupt 打扰interpret 解释interview 接见rm 通知reform 改革perform 履行31.jam 果酱jar 广口瓶jaw 下巴32.lie 说谎lay 放置33.note 注意notice 通知34.obtain 获得maintain 维持contain 包含sustain 支持35.object 物体subject 主题project 工程36.price 价格prize 奖品praise 赞扬37.present 礼物represent 象征38.possess 拥有process 过程39.prefer 更喜欢refer 谈及infer 推断40.project 工程reject 拒绝41.pretext 借口protect 保护protest 抗议42.produce 生产reduce 减少deduce 推论induce 劝诱43.preserve 保护reserve 储存conserve 保存44.review 复习revise 修改preview 事先查看45.resist 抵抗persist 持续insist 坚持assist 帮助consist 由…组成46.resume 履历consume 消耗assume 假定47.respond 回答correspond 符合48.respective 分别的respectful 尊敬的respectable 可敬的49.rise 上升arise 出现raise 提高arouse 唤醒50.status 身份statue 雕像51.staff 全体职员stiff 僵硬的stuff 原料52.sensible 有感觉的sensitive 敏感的53.succeed 成功proceed 进行exceed 超越54.transmit 传输transfer 转移transform 转换translate 翻译transport 运输transplant 移植55.temporary 暂时contemporary 同时代的56.unite 联合unity 团结reunion 重聚unit 个体57.vary 变化varied 各式各样的various 不同的variety 种类variable 可变的58.wander 漫步wonder 对…感到惊奇59.recommend 推荐demand 要求command 命令60.access 接近excess 过量61.adverse 敌对averse 反对的62.affectation假装affection爱63.allusion 暗示illusion幻觉64.annual 一年一次的annul取消65.appraise估价apprise报告66.argument 争论augment 增加67.bandage绷带bondage奴役68.carton用纸盒包装cartoon漫画69.censor检查censure责难70.collision猛烈相撞collusion共谋71.confidant 密友confident确信的72.consul 领事council会议counsel劝告73.dairy乳牛场diary日记74.decease死亡disease疾病75.decent适合desent降下76.desert 沙漠dessert甜点77.disassemble分解dissemble伪装78.drought,draft草稿drought 久旱79.eligible 合格的illegible难读的80.eminent闻名的imminent迫近的81.exalt提升exult欢腾82.ingenious设计精巧的ingenuous天真的83.jealous嫉妒的zealous热心的84.material材料materiel军备85.moral 品行端正的morale士气86.ordinance法令ordnance军械87.parish教区perish死88.perpetrate犯(罪)perpetuate使不朽88.personality人格personalty私人财产89.persecute迫害prosecute进行90.portable可携带的potable可饮用的91.prescribe开药方proscribe禁止92.reality真实realty不动产93.statue雕像stature身材94.vacation假期vocation职业95.alumna女毕业生alumnus男毕业生96.amoral 非道德的immoral不道德的unmoral无关道德问题的97.avocation嗜好vocation职业vacation 假期98.biannual一年两度的biennial两年一次的99.chord琴弦cord细绳100.clench要紧牙关clinch是订牢111.climate气候weather天气pare 比较contrast对比113.connotation涵义denotation意义114.contemptible可鄙的contemptuous藐视的115.continual连续的continuous不断的116.credible 可信的credulous轻信的117.disinterested公正的uninterested不赶兴趣的118.disorganized杂乱无章的unorganized未加组织的119.divers种种的diverse不同的120.dual 二重的duel决斗121.egoist利己主义者egotist自大者122.merge 出现immerge浸入123.emigrant 自本国移居他国者immigrant自他国移入者124.father更远的further更进一步的125.hanged绞死hung悬挂126.historic历史上著名的historical有关历史的127.human 人类的humane慈悲的128.imaginary虚构的imaginative富于想象的129.incomparable举世无双的uncomparable无法比较的130.incredible 难以置信的incredulous不信的131.apt易于liable易患的likely有可能的132.luxuriant繁茂的luxurious奢侈的133.moan呻吟mourn哀悼134.oral口头的verbal言辞的135.personal私人的personnel人员136.register登记registrars登记员137.sailer帆船sailor水手138.salon客厅saloon酒店139.subcoucious潜意识的unconscious失去知觉的140.transcript副本transcription眷写141.altar神坛alter改变142.ascent上升assent同意143.cannon大炮canon教规144.canvas帆布canvass兜售145.cession割让session开会146.faint 昏厥feint作假击147.intension激烈intention意图148.pray祈祷prey被捕食之物149.principal 首要的principle基本信条150.stationary固定的stationery文具151.address地址,发表演说attribute性质mittee委员会concert音乐会content内容153.converse N 相反的事物V 谈话154.desert N 沙漠V 舍弃155.digest N 摘要V 消化156.instinct N 本能 A 充满的157.intimate A 亲密的V 暗示158.minute N 分 A 微小的159.object N 物体V 反对160.refuse V 拒绝N 垃圾161.tear N 泪V 撕ed A 用旧了的 A 习惯于163.aboard adv/prep.在船或飞机上,abroad adv. 向国外;在国外,164.academic a.学术的,学者的academical a..学院的,大专院校的165.accept v.接受.except prep./v.除外167.acceptance n.接受acceptation n.字句的意义168.adhesive a.胶粘的cohesive a.紧密结合在一起的169.admission n.入场;入学,入会admittance n.入场170.adverse a. 相反的,不利的averse a. 反对的;不乐意的171.affectation n.影响;爱情affection n.矫揉造作affect v.影响effect v./n.产生结果;结果172. allusion n.暗示,隐喻illusion n.幻觉,错觉173.alternate a.轮流的,交替的,间隔的alternative a./n.二中择一的174.amend v.修正议案等emend v.校勘,校订175.amiable a.人和蔼可亲的am cable a.行为手势友好的176.ascend v.上升;攀登;追溯descend v.下降;代代传下来177.assent n./v. 同意,赞许ascent n. 上升;登高178.attempt n./v.试图,努力tempt v.诱惑179.blush v.因害羞或狼狈而引起的脸红flush v.因兴奋紧张喜悦而引起的脸红180.break n./v.休息;打破brake n. 刹车181.burnish v. 抛光;打磨furnish v. 供给182.bury v.埋葬berry n.浆果183.capital a./n.首要的;首都capitol n. 美国国会大厦184.cellar n. 地下室(贮藏粮食燃料)seller n. 卖主;售货之物185.childish a. 孩子所特有的,幼稚的childlike a. 孩子们天真的,诚实的pliment v,/n. 向…致意,祝贺;表扬,赞美的话complement v./n. 补充;补充物prehensible a.能懂的,可以理解的comprehensive a.综合的,全面的188.congenial a. 义气相投的,合适的congenital a.天生的189.considerable a.相当的considerate a.体贴的190.corps n.特种兵团,军团corpse n. 尸体191.course n.课程;路线coarse a. 粗糙的,粗俗的192.credible a.可信的,可靠的credulous a. 轻信的,易受骗的193.defective a.有缺点的有毛病的deficient a. 缺乏的,不足的194.detection n.查明,查出detention n. 扣留,扣押195.disinterested a.无私的,无偏见的uninterested a.不感兴趣的;漠不关心的196.dissent n./v. 持异议不同意descent n. 降下,下坡,家世197.distinct a.明显的;性质上不同的distinctive a. 区别的;鉴别性的;有特色的198.eatable a.新鲜的,可口的edible a. 可食的199.electric a. 用电的electrical a.与电有关的200.eminent a.杰出的imminent a.迫切的,逼近眼前的201.expand v.扩大膨胀,发展expend v. 花费202.extinguish v.熄灭(火光、希望等)distinguish v. 区别203.faint a.虚心的,怯懦的,微弱的feint n./v.佯攻假装204.flame n./v.光辉,火焰;燃烧,变红blame v.责备,归咎于205.flash n./v.闪光,闪烁flush n./v.脸色红润;面孔突然发红206.heal v.愈合heel n.脚后跟207.historic a.有历史意义的historical a. 历史的,有关历史的208.hoarse a.声音发哑的coarse a.粗糙的,粗鲁的209.ignoble a.卑鄙的,出身卑贱的ignorant a. 无知的210.imaginative a. 富有想象力的imaginary a. 假想的imaginable a.可以想象得到的211.legislative a.立法的,立法权的legitimate a. 合法的,,正当的,合理的212.literal a.字面的literary a. 书面的文学的213.minor a./n小的;未成年者miner n.矿工214.negligible a.可忽略的,微不足道的neglectful a.不留心的疏忽的215.practicable a.可行的,行得通的practical a. 有用的,现实的216.principal a./n.主要的;校长principle n. 主义,原则217.reserve v.保留(意见、权力、款项);预定(房间、座位)preserve v. 收藏保存防腐conserve v. 保持,保存218.respectable a. 可尊敬的respectful a.恭敬的219.responsible a.负责的responsive a. 回答的,响应的220.seasonal a. 季节性的seasonable a.当令的,合时的,及时的221.sensible a. 觉察的,明智的sensitive a. 敏感的神经过敏的222.sensual a.肉体上的,肉欲的,淫荡的sensuous a. 感觉上的,感官享受的,引起美感的223.shameful a.可耻的ashamed a. 以为…是羞耻224.sore a.痛的,酸痛的sour a. 酸的225.suit n. 一套衣服,诉讼suite n. 房间器具的一套225.unable a.不能够,不会disable a. 使残废,使无能226.zealous a. 热心的,热诚的jealous a. 嫉妒的227..relieve减轻,解除,援助reveal 透露,暴露release 释放reject 拒绝,抛弃resolve 决心,决定,决议revenge 报复,复仇revenue 税收refuge 庇护,避难所revolt 造反,反抗228..contend vi.竞争,比赛,争论vt.主张,坚信content 内容contest 比赛,竞赛context 上下文contrast 对照,对比continents 大陆,大洲constituents 构成constructs 建造,构造constitutes 构成229.acclaim 向……欢呼,为……喝彩proclaim 宣告,声明exclaim 呼喊reclaim 要求归还,收回declaim 高声朗读230..acid 酸,酸的acrid 辛辣的arid,干旱的avid 渴望的avoid 避免231.abrupt 突然的corrupt 腐败的disrupt 分裂,瓦解erupt 爆发232.deduce 演绎seduce 诱使educe 引出,得出induce 劝诱reduce 减少,缩小233.detail 琐事,详情retail 零售entail 使承担234.evoke 唤醒invoke 调用provoke 激怒revoke 撤回235.expel 驱逐repel 反击impel 推动dispel 驱散compel 强迫236.mission 使命,任务,代表团admission,允许进入commission 委任emission 发射,散发permission 许可transmission 播送,发射missionary 传教士237.bubble 泡,泡沫pebble 卵石rubble 瓦砾,碎石238.reject 拒绝,对齐,排斥eject 逐出inject 注射deject 使沮丧239.press 压suppress 镇压,抑制impress 印,留下印象depress 使消沉compress 压缩express 表达pressure 压力,压强,强制,压迫240.resource 资源,财力recourse 求助,求援241.pose 造成(困难等);提出(问题等);陈述(观点等)compose 组成,写作dispose 处理,处置expose 使暴露impose 征税,强加oppose 反对purpose 打算suppose 推想,假设propose 提议,建议,提名,推荐242. product 产品,强调由人力或机械力或自然力生产的东西production 生产produce 产物,农产品productivity 生产力243. success 成功succession 连续244. expansion 扩张,膨胀excursion 短途旅行existence 存在exchange 交换,交流245. recession 萧条,衰退concession 让步confession 招供,认错confusion 混乱,紊乱246. symptoms 症状,征兆syndrome 综合症状247. overhaul 彻底检查overflow 飞过overlap 部分重叠overcast 遮蔽248. process 过程,步骤,程序prospects 指经济方面的前景project 规则,方案,工程profile 侧影,外形249. praise 赞美braise 炖肉250. self-confident 自信的self-sufficient 自给自足的self-satisfied 自满的self-restrained 自我控制的251. assumption 假定,假设,多指无证据的设想;presumption 认定,推测,侧重有根据的推论252. consumption 消费resumption 回复253. attain达到,获得,尤指经过一定的努力而获得obtain,获得abstain 放弃retain 保留contain 包含254. distort 歪曲,曲解contort 因扭曲而变形retort 反驳255. concede 承认,让步accede 同意recede 后退precede 领先256. barely 强调程度rarely 强调频率257. worth be ~ sth/doing值得worthy be ~ of够得上,值得worthless 无价值的worthwhile 值得花时间的,值得做的258. distinguishing 分辨discovering 发现determining 确实detecting 察觉259. diluted 冲淡,稀释dissolved 解散,溶解dispersed 分散,散布diffused 散开,扩散260. interaction (with)与……的互相作用,互相影响assimilation (into)适应,同化,融入……cooperation (with)与……的合作consultation (with)和……的商议261. now that 既然(表条件)so that 以使,以至(表目的)262. even if 及时,表让步if only 但愿,希望,标示一种强烈的愿望,后接虚拟语气only if 只有在……的时候,表示对条件的强调as if 好像,仿佛,表比较263. origin 起源original 原创264. identical 同一的,同样的duplicate 复制的265. protest 抗议,反对(反对的内容已经实施)object 反对(反对的内容未曾实施)266. advise 给对方建议劝告对方,但对方是否接受不抱希望(弱势对强势);suggest 建议希望对方做某事,往往带有敦促、鼓励或警告之意(强势对弱势)propose 提议,供大家讨论267. sick of 对…厌恶(尤指因食、饮、听、看过度引起的)tire of 厌倦,对…不感兴趣268. bind 有约束力的restrain 抑制的,遏制的,可指彻底阻止也可指将……纳入控制、约束之中,强迫意味,可表示自我抑制vtlimit (能力或数量上)有限的confine (空间上)受限的269. grant (由于慷慨、仁慈)给予某物,(通常是上对下、官方正式地)允许allow (一般意义上)允许permit (法律上、制度上)允许270. fare (特指交通等)费用fee (进入一个地方,如场馆、学校等)费用bill (用餐、电话等)账单考研英语近义近形词辨析(二)1.climate:气候,风气,思潮circumstance:特指经济状况,表示环境,状况时常用复数atmosphere:气氛,氛围environment:指对人的感情、品德、思想等或动植物生存产生影响的环境surroundings:特指自然环境(地理概念)context:上下文2.vessel:血管,管道,一般指细小管道;route:路线,航线;path:乡间小路,公园小径;channel:海峡,渠道,管道;road:广阔平坦的大道,多指公路;way:可指各种路、道或通道,也可指抽象的道路、方法;street: 尤指城市中的道路;highway: 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线;motorway(free way,express way): 高速公路;lane: 指农村或城镇的小道或小径,也指小巷;pavement(sidewalk):街道两旁的人行道;trail: 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道3. in place of指以甲到乙;instead of除代替外有对乙否定的意味,有时译为不4. as to:关于;for instance:后接一个句子或作插入语,放在句子中间或末尾,后面不能直接接宾语;such as:列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,用在句子中间,后面是such as之前内容的一个方面或补充;in particular:特别的,尤其,详尽的for example:举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,可位于句首、句中或句末5. tighten:加紧,收紧,侧重强调数量,活动,情感,不和control搭配;intensify:加强,强化;fasten:系牢,扣紧,多接具体名词6. rough:指某物表面凹凸不平,不光滑;coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4TEST11.ignore=paRnoattention=notpaRanRattention=takenonotice=nottakeanRnotice忽略,无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3.mistakenview=misconception错误的观点n.4.easRtoreach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modifR(modification)改变v.6.destruction=destroR=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=makeinquiries=enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto调查v.8.where=geographicallocation表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers,television=media媒体n.13.wheretolive=habitat居住地n.14.getwarmer=globalwarming变暖n.15.contributeto=plaRapart有助于v.16.survive=continuingeRistence幸存,活下来v.17.curriculum=course=sRllabus课程n.18.linkto=beconnectedwith=belinkedwith把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentarR不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badlR=notverRgood=nogoodatsomething=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.21.eRceptional=good=eRcellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的,例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随,跟踪v.24.goodvisionabilitR=visionisobviouslRmore useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=numberone=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=betakenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=cannotsee瞎的adj.Cambridge4TEST21.initiative=onRourown/bRRourself=independentlR=onRourowninitiative=underRourownsteam=tobethepersonwhostartssomething=plan=law主动的,自发的adj.主动权n.2.increase=goup=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pickup=widen=beontheincrease=intensifR=eRpand=buildup上升,增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bringup教学v.4.morethanonelanguage=bilingual=sb'ssecondlanguage多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identifR=pinpoint=diagnose决定v.6.Roungpeople=teenager=Routh=inRourteens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munitR=allthepeopleinaparticulararea,citR,countrRetc.群体,团体,社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=beafailure=gowrong=notwork=donogood=fallthrough失败v.10.endanger=toputsomeoneorsomethingindangerofbeinghurt=damaged=destroRed危及,使危险v.11.diverse=varied=varietR=wide-ranging=miRed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certaintohappenandimpossibletoavoid不可避免的adj.13.differfrom=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=notwilling=dragRourfeet=beloathtodosomething=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=asksomebodR'sadvice=seekadvice=get/obtainadvice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someonewhohasbeentrainedtogiveaparticularformoftreatmentforphRsicalormentalillness临床医学家n.18.retrain=takingcourses再教育v.19.salarR=paR=wage=income=earnings=fee工资,收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=makeacomplaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=begoodforRou/dosomebodRgood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解,见解n.26.phRsical=relatingtothebodR=bodilR身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍,危险n.28.accompanR=with=together=alongwith=comewit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relatingtothehealthorstateofsomeone'smind精神上的,心理的adj.30.possible=possibilitR=can=potential=thereisachance/possibilitR可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut减少n.32.class=tRpe=kind=sort=stRle=categorR=varietR种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=eRercise排练,演习n.34.peer=RourpeersarethepeoplewhoarethesameageasRou,orwhohavethesametRpeofjob,socialclassetc同伴n.35.defensive=usedorintendedtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingagainstattack防御n.36.strategR=waR=method=approach=technique=sRstem=tactics方法,功略n.37.assist=help=aid=withtheaidof帮助v.38.specific=give(somebodR)moredetails=eRpandon=enlargeon=gointomore=greaterdetail=bemorespecific=bemoreeRplicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=aparticulartRpeofsolid,liquid,orgas物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance环境n.41.engage=givesomebodRajob=emploR=takeon=appoint=recruit=signup雇佣v.bine=miR=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=thestateofcontinuingtoliveoreRist幸存n.Cambridge4TEST31.quotation=asentenceorphrasefromabook,speechetcwhichRourepeatinaspeechorpieceofwritingbecauseitisinterestingoramusing引言n.2.eRemplifR=eRample=case=instance=tobeaverRtRpicaleRampleofsomething=togiveaneRampleofsomething例证v.3.eRplain=tell=saRwhat/whR/whereetc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shedlighton=setout解释v.4.outline=todescribesomethinginageneralwaR,givingthemainpointsbutnotthedetails概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=getsomebodRtodosomething=influence=encourage=talksomebodRinto=putsomebodRupto鼓励v.7.loan=anamountofmoneRthatRouborrowfromabanketc.贷款n.8.povertR=beingpoor贫穷n.9.crime=illegalactivitiesingeneral犯罪n.10.reject=torefusetoaccept,believein,oragreewithsomething拒绝v.11.emploR=givesomebodRajob=takeon=engage=appoint=recruit=signup雇佣v.12.courier=apersonorcompanRthatispaidtotakepackagessomewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keepsomethinginstorage=preserve存储n.14.facilitR=rooms,equipment,orservicesthatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungrR/power-mad=competitive=determinedtobesuccessful,rich,powerfuletc.有志向的,雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=totrRverRhardtodosomething=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature=apartofsomethingthatRounoticebecauseitseemsimportant,interesting,ortRpical;apartoftheland,especiallRapartthatRoucansee:apartofsomeone'sface,suchastheireRes,noseetc特点n.18.planet=theworld=earth/Earth=theglobe地球n.19.unpredictable=can'tsaR/tell=unforeseeable=itremainstobeseen无法预测的adj.20.machinerR=machines,especiallRlargeones=asRstemorsetofprocessesfordoingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism机械n.21.ultimate=someone'sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheRhopetoachieveinthefuture=final最终的,根本的adj.22.atmosphere=thefeelingthataneventorplacegivesRou=themiRtureofgasesthatsurroundstheEarth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=takeplace=thereis=comeabout=comeup=turnup=arise=strike发生v.24.eRpand=getbigger=grow=swellup=stretch扩张,扩大v.25.form=tRpe=waRsomethingis/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=becomevisible=comeintoview/comeintosight=comeout=reappear出现v.27.emit=tosendoutgas,heat,light,soundetc发出,放射n.28.situation=circumstances=position=case=plight情况,状况n.29.self-conscious=worriedandembarrassedaboutwhatRoulooklikeorwhatotherpeoplethinkofRou自觉的n.30.generate=tomakesomeonehaveaparticularfeeling=form=produce=create产生v.31.various=thereareseveraldifferenttRpesofthatthing=different=avarietRofsomething=differing=varRing=anassortmentofsomething=assorted=amiRofsomething=amiRtureofsomething各种各样的adj.32.convenient=athingorwaRofdoingsomethingthatiseasRandquick;atimeorarrangementthatisconvenient方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=nottakesides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquirR=investigate=makeinquiries/enquiries=gointo=probe=lookinto=solve=beunderinvestigation调查35.observe=notice=cansee/cantell=see=spot=detect=notebecomeaware/conscious=catchsomebodR'seRe=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thingtosaR=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consistof=comprise=becomposedof=bemadeupof包含,包括v.38.focuson=dealsonlRwith=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=haveaneffect=haveanimpact=takeeffect=makeadifference=impact影响v.40.gainedfrom=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom/bederivedfrom=developfrom/evolvefrom产生于….V.41.concern=worrR=stress=anRietR=strain=afeelingofworrRaboutsomethingimportant关心,担心n. Cambridge4TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on(the)record官方的,正式的adj.2.athletic=phRsicallRstrongandgoodatsport=fit=beinshape=beingoodcondition运动的adj.3.intensive=involvingalotofactivitR,effort,orcarefulattentioninashortperiodoftime=rapid=crashcourse密集的,加强的adj.4.burst=ashortsuddeneffortorincreaseinactivitR=burstofanger/enthusiasm/temperetc爆炸,突发5.recognize=know=identifR=pickout=tell认出,承认v.6.inadequate=notenough=toolittle=few=scarce=insufficient=beinshortsupplR=lackofsomething=beshort不足的adj.7.develop=comefrom=bebasedon=originate=gobackto=haveitsoriginsin=haveitsrootsin=derivefrom=bederivedfrom=befoundedon=growoutof=developfrom=evolvefrom发展,生长v.8.enable=makesomethingpossible=allow=permit=pavethewaRfor=clearthewaRfor使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guessinadvance预测v.10.specialist=someonewhoknowsalotaboutaparticularsubject,orisverRskilledatit=eRpert专家n.11.theoretical=relatingtothestudRofideas,especiallRscientificideas,ratherthanwithpracticalusesoftheideasorpracticaleRperience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlRing=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentarR=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animalsetc=somebodR'scharacter=qualitiesofsomething=tRpe自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=changelanguages=interpret=putsomethingintoEnglish/French/Japaneseetc翻译v.16.ancient=belongingtoatimelongagoinhistorR,especiallRthousandsofRearsago古老的adj.17.realistic=whenpictures,filmsetcmakethingsseemreal=lifelike=realism=truetolife=vivid实际的,现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=apieceofpaperthathasofficialinformationonit;apieceofwrittenworkthatisstoredonacomputer文件n.20.equal=thesameinnumber,amount,leveletcassomethingelse平等的adj.21.influence=effect=sideeffect=impact=whatsomethingdoesto=theimplications影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=beonRourbest=staRoutoftrouble行为n.pare=toeRamineorjudgetwoormorethingsinordertoshowhowtheRaresimilartoordifferentfromeachother=liken=makeacomparison=drawananalogR=drawaparallel=contrast比较v.24.economicallR=inawaRthatisrelatedtosRstemsofmoneR,trade,orbusiness经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identifR=pinpoint=diagnose=tostartanewbusinessororganization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=abletocontinuewithoutcausingdamagetotheenvironment;abletocontinueforalongtime可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/becomeaware=cantell=appreciate=beconscious=knowperfectlRwell=know/learnfromeRperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/putalimit=keepto/keepwithin=confine=fiR限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=givesomebodRRourword=swear=vow=committo=pledge保证v.31.libertR=freedom=afreehand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiencR=self-reliance独立n.33.consistent=alwaRsbehavinginthesamewaRorhavingthesameattitudes,standardsetc-usuallRusedtoshowapproval持续的adj.34.underestimate=tothinkorguessthatsomethingissmaller,cheaper,easieretcthanitreallRis=tothinkthatsomeoneisnotasgood,clever,orskilful,astheRreallRare低估v.35.provision=whenRouprovidesomethingthatsomeoneneedsnoworinthefuture提供n.Cambridge5TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.didnothave=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.timelimit=deadline时间限制,期限n.6.increase=goup/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=eRpand=pickup=widen=intensifR=buildup增加7.assistant=helper=coach助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=beasign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=beevidence=reveal表明,显示v.10.quotation=aphraseorsentencethatiswell-knownoroftenused引用语n.11.predecessor=someonewhohadRourjobbeforeRoustarteddoingit前辈,前任n.12.rival=aperson,group,ororganizationthatRoucompetewithinsport,business,afightetc=competitor对手,竞争者n.13.distraction=somethingthatstopsRoupaRingattentiontowhatRouaredoing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=besomethingwrongwith错误,缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=thekeR基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate给予v.17.stabilitR=theconditionofbeingsteadRandnotchanging稳定n.18.prevail=win=comeoutontop=prevail=carrRthedaR流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=ifsomeoneorsomethingfascinatesRou,RouareattractedtothemandthinktheRareeRtremelRinteresting吸引,使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=putsomebodRoff打扰v.23.eRpect=think=anticipate预期,期待v.24.psRchologR=thestudRofthemindandhowitinfluencespeople'sbehavior心理学n.25.obeR=complRwith=abidebR=keepto=sticktotherules=conformto=observe=respect=toetheline=gobRthebook/dosomethingbRthebook服从,顺从v.26.identitR=someone'sidentitRistheirnameorwhotheRare身份n.27.severitR=usedofthedegreeofsomethingundesirable严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=eRpand展开,发生v.29.deliberatelR=intentionallR=onpurpose=purposelR故意地adv.30.moral=relatingtotheprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrongbehavior,andwiththedifferencebetweengoodandevil道德上的,与道德有关的adj.31.priorto=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doingorsaRingthesamethingmanRtimes重复n.33.genetic=relatingtogenesorgenetics基因的,遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=whenRoudecidenottohavesomethingvaluable,inordertogetsomethingthatismoreimportant牺牲v.35.victim=someonewhohasbeenattacked,robbed,ormurdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=winover=talkaround说服v.38.surrender=givein投降,放弃v.39.eRtinct=aneRtincttRpeofanimalorplantdoesnoteRistanRmore=disappear=vanish灭绝的,绝种的adj.40.abundant=plentR=ample充裕的,丰富的adj.41.eRaggerate=overstate夸张,夸大v.42.phenomenon=somethingthathappensoreRistsinsocietR,science,ornature,especiallRsomethingthatisstudiedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight认识,观念,看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象,感想n.45.entitle=togivesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesomething使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=achangefortheworse=deformation扭曲,曲解v.47.dispose=toarrangethingsorputthemintheirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=copewith=dealwith安排,处理v.48.intuition=theabilitRtounderstandorknowsomethingbecauseofafeelingratherthanbRconsideringthefacts=instinct直觉n.49.emission=agasorothersubstancethatissentintotheair排放物,散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut减少,减小v.51.postpone=putback=delaR=adjourn延期,推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessarR=essential至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=eRpectingthatbadthingswillhappeninthefutureorthatsomethingwillhaveabadresult=gettingworse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort尝试,努力Cambridge5TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=comefrom=stemfrom起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement动机,动力n.4.generate=produce=bringintoeRistence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couplewith=and=accompanR=with伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient因素n.7.unique=havethedistinction=distinct=different=eRtraordinarR=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territorR=industrR=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=suchas=foreRample=forinstance例如12.resource=material=source资源,来源n.13.limited=restricted=eRhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=relRon=contain=comprise包含,牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=eRtraordinarR=special=detail=specific=unique特别的,独有的adj.17.drawon=absorb=dowith吸收v.18.settleon=makechoiceof=decideon选定v.19.superioritR=advantage=edge=highqualitR优势n.20.accompanR=when=keepcompanR=beassociatedwith陪伴,伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception观点n.22.artificialintelligence=reasoninginmachine人工智能n.23.involvewith=associatewith=linkto=relateto与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=conveR=public=deliver发行,发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour任务,工作n.27.instantlR=rapidlR=immediatelR立即地adv.28.react=respond反应v.29.relateto=dependon=linkto=associatewith=involvewith与…有关系v.30.subjectviews=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individualopinions主观观点n.31.distort=tochangetheappearance,sound,orshapeofsomethingsothatitisstrangeorunclear;toreportsomethinginawaRthatisnotcompletelRtrueorcorrect=misinterpret扭曲,歪曲v.32.figureout=settle=decide=tell=understand理解,想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计v.34.emerge=appear=comeforth出现v.35.remain=keep=staR=maintain保持v.36.eRploitation=development=utilization=usage利用,使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养,养育v.38.overtake=catchup=sweepover赶上,压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的,开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=Ret然而,但是adv.Cambridge5TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence结果,后果n.2.overcome=win=getover=eRceed克服,战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcitR不足的adj.4.supplR=provide=furnish=give提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit开始,投放v.6.suppose=eRpect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想,设想v.7.detect=perceive=eRplore=sense发觉,觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent障碍,困难n.9.peer=thepeoplewhoareatthesameageasRou,orwhohavethesametRpeofjob,socialclassetc.同龄人,伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行,管理v.12.funding=moneR=funds=financialresource资金,基金n.13.interact=ifpeopleinteractwitheachother,theRtalktoeachother,worktogetheretc.互动v.14.irrigation=thesupplementoflandorcropswithwater灌溉n.15.sedimentation=thenaturalprocessbRwhichsmallpiecesofrock,earthetcsettleatthebottomoftheseaetcandformasolidlaRer积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cutin打断,打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthR宝贵的,珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found建造v.21.blame=tosaRorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisresponsibleforsomethingbad责备,怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励,刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=eRist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess包含v.itarR=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的,不同的adj.29.vanish=eRtinct=disappear消失v.30.consciousness=awareness意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含,围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=eRpect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=eRtensive=popular=general广泛的,普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新,开辟v.36.contemporarR=modern-daR,present-daR同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlRing=likelR=eRpected=latent潜在的,可能的adj.38.prospect=eRpectation=outlook=chance展望,希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉,领悟n.Cambridge5TEST4munitR=organization=group=bodR团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者,居民n.6.consequentlR=thus=accordinglR=hence=therefore=asaresult结果,因此adv.7.destination=goal=endpoint=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=whollR=everRwhere=end-to-end自始至终,到处,全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出,产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession下降n.12.undermine=destroR=damage=hurt=ruin破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的,不寻常的adj.15.ordinarR=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎,打破v.18.interior=innerlaRer=inside内部的n.&adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持,坚称v.20.eRpand=eRtend=grow=boom=spreadout=enhance扩张,扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle压制v.22.speedup=increasespeed=quickenup=acceleratespeed加速v.23.eRamine=analRse=surveR=inspect=studR=detect=investigate检查,调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversR=disagree=argue争论,争执n.&v.25.detect=analRse=eRplore=research=surveR=investigate=inspect察觉,发现v.26.claim=saR=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示,信号,暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.bereferredtoas=beknownas=beregardedas被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励,促使v.31.considerable=plentR=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardlessof=despiteof=takenonoticeof不管,不顾33.adequate=plentR=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=makesure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=makecertainof保证,确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching合适的adj.Cambridge6TEST11.eRchange=applRsomethinglearnedinonetoothers=change交流v.2.eRpertise=skill专门技术n.3.emploR=analRze=studR使用v.4.investigation=analRsis调查n.5.narrow=focuson缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copR=replicate=repeat复制v.7.fundedsupport=finance资金n.8.athlete=sportsmenandwomen运动员n.9.calculate=measure计算v.10.event=championship赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design计划v.12.improve=grow=getbetter进步v.13.trade=economR贸易n.14.transport=importoreRport=deliver运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit价值n.18.deliverR=eRportorimport运输n.19.nearbRnations=geographicneighbours近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide国际的adj.21.shipping=freight船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=taR税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging困难的adj.26.essentialsupplies=foodandclothing=necessities必需品n.27.supplR=provision=support供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=goup=boost=eRpand=eRtend增长v.29.respect=credibilitR=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge了解n.31.well-being=health健康n.32.impossible=outofthequestion=unlikelR不可能adj.33.catch=eRploit=capture抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance环境n.35.pushtoone'slimits=testone'slimits挑战极限36.notunmanageable=cancopewith能处理的37.presentinhabitant=descendant居民38.giveup=abandon放弃39.mainlR=heavilR=most主要地40.visit=venture参观Cambridge6TEST21.successfullR=spectacularlRwell=wonderfullR成功地adv.2.peoplepower=localpressuregroups群众力量n.mute=travel通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salarR=wage=paRment收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good有益的adj.7.together=facetoface共同8.refute=notmean=rebut=denR反驳v.9.accommodation=live=livingcondition住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit用处n.11.averagelRgood=reasonablebutnotspecial较好的12.limited=minimal有限的adj.13.movefromonetoanother=adoptoneoveranother转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=pointout=implR表明15.related=associated有关联的adj.16.suffer=beafflicted忍受(病痛)v.17.research=studR=investigation=surveR研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change影响v.19.disease=medicalcomplain=illness病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=goup=add=escalate上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease下降n.24.elderlRpeople=oldpeople老人n.25.independent=self-reliant自立的adj.26.regular=dailR定期的adj.27.eRercise=phRsicalactivitR运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease下降v.30.lonelR=emotionallRisolated孤独的adj.31.handsignal=gesture=bodRlanguage手势n.32.restricted=limited有限的adj.33.concept=abstractidea=definition定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed特定的adj.35.earlR=older早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualifR=achieve=keep=satisfR完成v.37.sufficient=enough足够的adj.38.quantitR=howmanR=amount数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop防止v.41.poor=lackof=impoverished贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present新的adj.43.ancestor=earlRpeople=predecessor祖先n.Cambridge6TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature教育v.2.actor=star演员n.3.first=initial=earlR=primarR最早的adj.4.storRline=narrative=plot故事情节n.5.globe=world世界n.6.earlR=first=ancient早期的adj.7.passingoftime=flowoftime时光的流逝8.describe=tell描述v.9.realistic=achievable现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism反馈n.12.matchto=suitto合适13.reward=promotionoradvancement=prize=benefit奖励n.14.linkto=makesomethingcontingenton=associatewith=connectwith=relateto联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success成就n.16.remuneration=paRment酬金n.17.tendto=proneto倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=eRperience=notice=haveanopinion感觉v.19.participate=beinvolvedin=takepartin=join参加v.20.staff=emploRee=worker员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable可见的adj.22.clericalworker=clerk书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise评判v.24.job=work=assignment工作n.25.delaR=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=putoff延后v.26.growingold=ageing变老27.people=mortal=people=individual人n.28.life=lifespan生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibilitR=opportunitR=risk=luck机会n.30.production=generation=output产量n.31.theorR=hRpothesis=guess=guesswork猜想n.32.focuson=emphasize=aimat=concentrateon集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient短缺的adj.Cambridge6TEST41.drugcompanR=pharmaceuticalcompanR医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=goup=grow上升v.4.research=studR=surveR=investigation研究n.5.work=beaneffectivewaR=beuseful=help=achieve=succeed=haveaneffect=happen=turnout奏效v.6.technique=strategR=skill=eRpertise=method=waR技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation批评n.8.moral=ethical道德的adj.9.legitimate=haveeverRrighttodo=legal=right=authorized合法的adj.10.moneR=profit=benefit=income=currencR钱n.11.adults=menandwomen成人n.12.maternal=mother=female母亲的adj.cation=literacR=cultivation教育n.14.child=infant=kid孩子n.15.approRimatelR=about=around=nearlR大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinarR=everRdaR常见的adj.19.behalved=declinebR50%减半20.keR=mostimportant=crucial=critical=significant关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture生产v.22.detailed=eRplicit=specific细节的adj.23.onitsown=alone自身24.however=but=Ret但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognizethedifference=differentiate区别v.Cambridge7TEST11.relRon=dependon依靠v.2.avoid=staRawaR=keepawaR=steerclearof=makeadetour避免v.3.dieout=eRtinct=disappear=nolongereRist灭绝v.4.hunt=searchfor=lookfor=trRtofind=insearchof打猎v.5.limb=armorleg=bodR=organ四肢n.6.perceive=sense=see=spot=becomeawareof=observe感知,感觉v.7.calculate=measure=workout=figure=estimate=access计算v.8.detection=finding=observation探测n.9.coin=invent=make=create=comeupwith发明,创造v.10.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading不精确的adj.11.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration改进n.12.downward=fall=drop=downhill下降的adj.13.increasing=soaring=growing=rising上升的adj.14.primarilR=mainlR=largelR=chieflR=principallR主要地adv.15.dueto=becauseof=asaresultof=thanksto=owingto因为16.decrease=reduce=fall=drop下降v.17.radical=nottraditional=new=unconventional激进的adj.18.priorto=beforehand=before=inadvance=ontheeveof之前19.demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough要求高的,艰难的adj.20.wellknown=notorious=famous=renowned著名的adj.21.admit=acknowledge=confess=totellthetruth承认v.22.besimilarto=like=resemble=beararesemblanceto=akinto相似v.23.resultin=leadto=cause=giveriseto=bringabout引发,导致24.sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=compleR=complicated复杂的25.address=solve=dealwith=handle处理v.26.imitate=copR=impersonate=followone'seRample模仿v.27.maintain=continue=carrRon=keepup=preserve维持v.28.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume喂食v.29.illustrate=show=demonstrate=makeclear=reflect说明v.30.memorise=learn=commitsomethingtomemorR记忆v.31.conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative传统的v.32.notice=see=spot=beawareof=beconsciousof注意到v.33.retain=keep=save=holdonto保持v.34.convince=persuade=winsb.over=satisfR使确信v.35.spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand壮观的adj. Cambridge7TEST21.interior=inner=inside内部的adj.2.change=shift=alter=transfer改变v.3.establish=build=found=setup=start建立v.4.official=authoritR=leader=supervisor官员n.5.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=farawaR隔离的,边远的adj.6.collapse=fall=fallover=falldown倒塌v.7.destroR=devastate=wreck=obliterate毁灭v.8.absorb=digest=takein=assimilate吸收v.9.severe=serious=stiff=heavR严重的adj.10.purifR=refine=distill净化v.11.hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled隐藏的adj.12.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop下降v.13.deteriorate=getworse=godown=decline变坏v.14.recognize=know=identifR=pickout认出v.15.conclude=summarize=cometo/reachtheconclusion得出结论v.16.adaptto=getusedto=becomeaccustomedto=adjustto适应v.17.initiate=start=launch=open=setinmotion开始,发起v.18.referto=mention=alludeto=touchon提到v.19.identifR=name=recognize=diagnose确定,认同v.。
高考阅读同义替换词166组1、处理:resolve=handle=tackle=deal with=copewith=dispose=address2、繁荣:prosperous=flourish=boom(繁荣)→loom(朦胧)→gloom(忧郁,阴暗)→doom(末日)3、首位:predominance=primary=primitive=primacy4、源于:origin=come from=be from=originate from=stem from=evolve from=derive from5、合并:merger andacquisition=consolidation=concentration6、相关:relevant=related=A has sth.to do with B7、财产:property=real estate=estate=asset8、精确:precision=accuracy9、创新:thinking ability=criticalthinking=creative=innovation10、认为合理:think proper=logical thinking11、推理:reasoning=logical thought=thought12、大众文化:popular culture=common culture13、文化力:cultural power=assimilating power14、阻止:prevent=hinder=refrain=deter15、法官:judge=Justice16、忧虑:apprehension=worry=anxiety=depression=gloomy=frustration17、人:mind(有才智的人;精英)=people=individual18、信心:faith=confidence=assertiveness19、斥责:dismiss=rebuke=criticize20、tap(开发):tap the market=explore the market=expand the market21、处理:resolve=handle=tackle=deal with=copewith=dispose=address22、繁荣:prosperous=flourish=boom23、合并:merger andacquisition=consolidation=concentration24、转变,转换:alter=change=transform=shift=switch=modify=convert=vary25、替换:replace=substitute=displace=change26、首位:predominance=primary=primitive=primacy27、参加:attendance=join in=take partin=participate(participant参与者)=be present at28、强调:stress=highlight=emphasize=underline29、增加:increase=rise=raise=boost=skyrocket=advance=progress=improv e=grow=enhance=soar=develop30、数据:data=statistics=figure31、复杂:complicated=mixed=complex=perplex=intricate=sophisticated=c onfused32、影响:impact=affect=influence33、压力:stress=pressure=press=strain34、政客:politician=statesman35、特点:feature=characteristic=trait36、改革:reform=revolution37、心情:mood=emotion=atmosphere38、愤怒:rage=outrage=grievance=indignation39、怀疑:skeptical=suspicious40、奇怪:weird=odd=peculiar=strange41、多样:various=diverse42、直接:frank=straight=directly43、模糊:dim=vague=obscure=loom44、营养不良:malnutrition=under-nutrition45、忍受:stand=bear(反义:withstand(反抗))46、薪水:salary=pay=wage=emolument47、花费:expenses=income=revenue=gain=earning48、津贴:subsidy=pension=allowance49、高贵:noble=royal(区别:loyal忠诚)50、谦卑:humble51、告示:announcement=notice=poster=bulletin52、限制:limit=restrict=constrict=discipline=confine=hold back=scale back=curb on(遏制)53、地位:status=rank54、可用的:usable=available=applicable=leisure(空闲的)55、偏见:bias=prejudice=discrimination=inequality56、加强:promote=facilitate=enhance=strengthen=reinforce57、顾客:customer=client=consumer=guest58、信息:information=message=data=figure=statistics59、故意:deliberately=intentionally=purposely=on/in purpose60、吸引:appeal=attract=fascinate=tempt61、地区:regions=scope=range=sphere(势力范围)62、观察:perceive=observe63、公平,公正:fair(fairness)=impartial=just=unbiased=disinterested64、保护:protect=guard=safeguard=defend(defendant辩护,被告)=shield65、生产:yield=manufacturer=generate66、脆弱:vulnerable=weak=feeble=fragile=susceptible67、关于:concerning=in terms of=with respect to68、谋生:earn one's living=make one's living=live off69、遵守:comply with=conform to70、培养:nurture=foster=cultivate71、奇怪:weird=odd=peculiar=strange72、模糊:dim=vague=obscure=loom73、薪水:salary=pay=wage=emolument74、津贴:subsidy=pension=allowance75、告示:announcement=notice=poster=bulletin76、痛苦:misery(miserable)=suffering=pain=unpleasant=grief=grievance (还有“不满,愤怒”之意)77、迷惑的,欺骗的:misleading=confusing=deceptive=unrealistic=misrepresentativ e=false78、不清楚的,不确定的:unclear=uncertain=doubtful=undecided=unsure=indoubt=vague=ambiguous79、认为:argue=maintain=allege=insist=affirm=hold=think=suppose80、表明:show=prove=illustrate=demonstrate=confirm=indicate=establis h=suggest=reveal=uncover=disclose=make known81、招收:enroll=employ=take on=enlist=draft(征募)=engage(聘用)=conscript=signup=enroll=hire=recruit=select(选拔)82、供给:supply=stock=provide=furnish=feed=provision83、怀疑的:doubtful=suspicious=questionable=dubious=skeptical84、难以置信地:incredibly=unbelievably85、保护:protect=defend=guard=shelter=shield=preserve86、例外:exception=exclusion87、自然地:naturally=certainly=surely=indeed(反义是artificially(人工地))88、全体人员:personnel=staff=faculty(全体教员)=crew=workers89、适当地,正确地:properly=appropriately=suitably=correctly90、源于:derive from=originate from=stem from=come from91、完全地,彻底地:completely=entirely=utterly=fully=altogether=thoroughly=abs olutely=perfectly=totally92、方面,外观:aspect=appearance=look=view93、性格,品质:character=quality=personality=nature94、无意识的:unconscious=unaware=absent-minded=unintentional95、描述:describe=portray=represent=picture96、一致的:consensus=consistent=unanimous=coherent97、商品:commodity=merchandise=purchase(购置物)98、小册子:brochure=booklet=pamphlet99、遗传,继承:inherit=heritage=legacy=successor100、传统的:conventional=traditional=orthodox=used to do 101、损害:impair=damage=ruin=harm102、显然的:conspicuous=obvious=evident103、反驳:refute=retort=contradict104、庄严:solemn=sacred=majesty105、更新,恢复:renovate=revive=refresh=rejuvenate=regain=restore 106、转变:alter=change=transform=shift=switch=modify=convert 107、数据:data=statistics=figure108、大的:giant=massive=tremendous=dramatic109、复杂:complicated=mixed=complex=confused110、安乐死:mercy killing=euthanasia=physician-assisted suicide111、重要:vital=critical=crucial=essential=significant 112、充足的:ample=affluent=plentiful=sufficient=superfluous=abundant=ad equate113、假冒,模仿:simulate=imitate=disguise=mock=forge=hypocrisy=pattern 114、渗透:permeate=penetrate=saturate115、租:lease=rent=tenant=hire116、暂时的,临时的:temporary=transient=interim=tentative=briefly117、气味:scent=odor=fragrant=perfume118、腐败,侵蚀:corrode=rot=decay=corrupt=stale=degenerate119、退:repel=recede=retreat=retire120、鄙视:contempt=despise=scorn=disdain=look down upon 121、波动:swing=sway=vibrate=fluctuate122、微不足道的:negligible=trivial=insignificant123、脆的,易碎的:fragile=brittle=crisp=delicate124、杰出的:prominent=eminent=renowned125、要回,索取:reclaim=refund=retrieve=withdraw126、附属:affiliate=appendix=auxiliary127、活力的:energetic=robust=vigorous=brisk=dynamic128、讽刺:satire=sarcastic=irony129、声誉:reputation=celebrity=fame=prestige130、隐伏的:underlying=implicit=latent=loom=potential 131、工作:vocation=occupation=pursuit132、治疗:remedy=therapy=medication133、开始:commence=outset=threshold134、管理:supervise=administrate=manage=regulate135、枯燥的:tedious=monotonous136、迅速的:swift=prompt=instant137、堆:heap=stack=pile138、养育:nourish=nurture=rear=foster139、可能:likelihood=possibility=potentiality140、真正的:authentic=genuine=real141、固有的:inherent=intrinsic=innate=inborn142、原始的:primitive=primeval=incipient143、剩余的:remainder=surplus=redundant=remnant=excess 144、依靠:rely on=count on=depend on145、特点:feature=characteristic=trait146、因此:thus=whereby=therefore=hence=accordingly=consequently147、心情:mood=emotion=atmosphere148、焦虑:anxiety(anxious)=depression(depressed)=gloomy=frustration(f rustrated)149、愤怒:rage=outrage=grievance=indignation150、高兴:happy=light-hearted=joy=relived151、限制:limit=restrict=constrict=discipline=confine=hold back=scale back=curb on152、偏见:bias=prejudice=discrimination=inequality153、发行:issue=release=distribute=launch154、会议:conference=meeting=convention155、结束:fulfill=finish=accomplish=carryout=achieve=complete156、精确:accuracy=precision157、加强:promote=facilitate=enhance=strengthen=reinforce158、前景:prospect=future=expectation=outlook159、公司:enterprise=firm=company=corporation(区别:cooperation合作)160、抱怨:complain=moan=groan161、有希望的:promising=hopeful=brightenings162、责备:condemn=blame163、谋生:earn one’s living=make one’s living=live off 164、换句话说:put another way=in other words165、培养:foster=cultivate=nurture(区别:nature自然) 166、cheap便宜的:economical、inexpensive。
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略,无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存,活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的,例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随,跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的,自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升,增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体,团体,社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及,使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资,收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解,见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍,危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的,心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练,演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法,功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的,雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的,根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张,扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出,放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况,状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含,包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心,担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的,正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的,加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸,突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出,承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展,生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的,现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制,期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明,显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈,前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手,竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误,缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引,使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期,期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从,顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开,发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的,与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的,遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降,放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的,绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的,丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张,夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识,观念,看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象,感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲,曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排,处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物,散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少,减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期,推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试,努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机,动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源,来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含,牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的,独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴,伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行,发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务,工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲,歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解,想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用,使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养,养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上,压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的,开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而,但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果,后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服,战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始,投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想,设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉,觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍,困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人,伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行,管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金,基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断,打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的,珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备,怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励,刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的,不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含,围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的,普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新,开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的,可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望,希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉,领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者,居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果,因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终,到处,全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出,产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的,不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎,打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持,坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张,扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查,调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论,争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉,发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示,信号,暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励,促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管,不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证,确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略,无视 v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存,活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的,例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随,跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your ownsteam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的,自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升,增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体,团体,社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=gowrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及,使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physicalor mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资,收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解,见解 n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍,危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的,心理的 adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练,演习 n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type ofjob, social class etc同伴 n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法,功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=bemore specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or pieceof writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an exampleof something 例证 v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=setout解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talksomebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich,powerful etc.有志向的,雄心壮志的 adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, ortypical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope toachieve in the future= final最终的,根本的 adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surroundsthe Earth气氛; 大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张,扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出,放射 n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况,状况 n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people thinkof you自觉的 n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=amixture of something各种各样的 adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangementthat is convenient 方便的 adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be underinvestigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含,包括 v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its rootsin=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心,担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的,正式的 adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period oftime=rapid=crash course密集的,加强的 adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc爆炸,突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出,承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack ofsomething=be short 不足的 adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its rootsin=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展,生长 v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than withpractical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的,现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work thatis stored on a computer文件 n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to ordifferent from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw aparallel=contrast 比较 v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continuefor a long time可持续的 adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectlywell=know/learn from experience意识到 v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产 v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc -usually used to show approval持续的 adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it reallyis=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.2.central=middle中心的 adj.3.did not have=without没有 v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制,期限 n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明,显示 v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈,前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fightetc=competitor 对手,竞争者 n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误,缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think theyare extremely interesting吸引,使着迷 v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期,期待 v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe theline=go by the book/do something by the book 服从,顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开,发生 v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the differencebetween good and evil 道德上的,与道德有关的 adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的,遗传学的 adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something thatis more important牺牲 v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.38.surrender=give in 投降,放弃 v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的,绝种的 adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的,丰富的 adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张,夸大 v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especiallysomething that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识,观念,看法 n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象,感想 n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲,曲解 v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=dealwith 安排,处理 v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than byconsidering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物,散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少,减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期,推迟 v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will havea bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试,努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机,动力 n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源,来源 n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含,牵涉 v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的,独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴,伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联 v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行,发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务,工作 n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.28.react=respond 反应 v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear;to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲,歪曲 v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解,想出 v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计 v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持 v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用,使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养,养育 v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上,压倒 v.39.initial=original=premier最初的,开始的 adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而,但是 adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果,后果 n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服,战胜 v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的 adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始,投放 v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想,设想 v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉,觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍,困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, socialclass etc.同龄人,伙伴 n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行,管理 v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金,基金 n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc.互动 v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at thebottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀 n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断,打扰 v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程 n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁 n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的,珍贵的 adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造 v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备,怪罪 v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励,刺激 v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的 adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响 v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生 v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含 v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的,不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失 v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识 n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃 v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含,围绕 v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为 v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的,普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新,开辟 v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的,可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望,希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉,领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的 adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求 v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者,居民 n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果,因此 adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终,到处,全部 adv.9.operate=act=run运转 v.10.output=product输出,产品 n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.13.revive=renaissance复兴 v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的,不寻常的 adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎,打破 v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持,坚称 v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张,扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速 v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查,调查 v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论,争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉,发现 v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称 v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示,信号,暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的 adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励,促使 v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的 adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管,不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的 adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证,确保 v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算 v.10.event=championship 赛事 n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输 n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.21.shipping=freight 船运 n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.27.supply=provision=support 供给 n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解 n.31.well-being=health 健康 n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤 v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的 adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的 adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降 n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的 adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.。
雅思阅读高频同义词替换表TEST 11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略,无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见,遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存,活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的,可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive= admirable超常的,例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随,跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best = well = greatest = finest = ideal = top = number one = ultimate = optimum = definitive = unsurpassed = record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=cannot see瞎的adj.TEST 21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的,自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升,增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体,团体,社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的adj.9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v. 10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及,使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=varian t另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资,收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelon g=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解,见解n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍,危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的,心理的adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32. class="type"=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练,演习n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法,功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n. TEST 31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目的n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided fora particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的,雄心壮志的adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的,根本的adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n. 23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张,扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come intosight=come out=reappear 出现v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出,放射n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况,状况n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含,包括v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心,担心n.TEST 41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的,正式的adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的,加强的adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸,突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出,承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展,生长v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=gues s in advance预测v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude =primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities ofsomething=type自然n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的,现实的18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj. 27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.CAMBRIDGE 5TEST 11. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2. central=middle中心的adj.3. did not have=without没有v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制,期限n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=trem endous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明,显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you starteddoing it 前辈,前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手,竞争者n. 13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误,缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引,使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期,期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influencespeople's behavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从,顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开,发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的,与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的,遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降,放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的,绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的,丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate夸张,夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识,观念,看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象,感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲,曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排,处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know somethingbecause of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物,散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少,减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期,推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试,努力TEST 21. similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encourag ement 动机,动力n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source资源,来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含,牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的,独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴,伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行,发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务,工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲,歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解,想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估,估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用,使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养,养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上,压倒v.39. initial=original=premier最初的,开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而,但是adv.TEST 31. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果,后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服,战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始,投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想,设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉,觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍,困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人,伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行,管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金,基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to eachother, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断,打扰v.17. process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的,珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备,怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励,刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的,不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含,围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的,普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新,开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的,可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望,希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉,领悟n.TEST 41. community=organization=group=body团体n.2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3. remote=distant 遥远的adj.4. require=desire=order=command要求v.5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者,居民n.6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果,因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终,到处,全部adv.9. operate=act=run运转v.10. output=product输出,产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的,不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack打碎,打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持,坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张,扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查,调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论,争执25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉,发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示,信号,暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励,促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管,不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证,确保v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.CAMBRIDGE 6TEST 11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance= view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.3. commute=travel 通勤v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24. elderly people=old people 老人n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26. regular=daily 定期的adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35. early=older 早期的adj.36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2. actor=star 演员n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5. globe=world 世界n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24. job=work=assignment 工作n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28. life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk= luck 机会n.30. production=generation=output 产量n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.TEST 41. drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2. promotion=marketing 营销n.3. increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4. research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5. work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6. technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7. criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8. moral=ethical 道德的adj.9. legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11. adults=men and women 成人n.12. maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.13. education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14. child=infant=kid 孩子n.15. approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16. impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17. programme=campaign=project 项目n.18. common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.。
⾦金凌虹考研英语真题词汇序列(⼀一) 172组阅读理解同意替换词汇2013年第四版A.名词类1.商店drugstore ['drʌgstɔ:] n. 药房, 杂货店grocery [ˈgrəusəri]n.⾷食品杂货店2. 信念,信仰belief [biˈli:f]n. 信念,信仰;相信,信任faith [feiθ] n.信仰,信条;信任,信赖,信⼼心3. 巧合quirk[kwə:k] n. 偶然的事; 巧合coincidence [kəuˈinsidəns] n.巧合,巧事4. 官员official [əˈfiʃəl]n.官员,⾏行政⼈人员,⾼高级职员 a.官员(⽅方)的bureaucrat ['bjuərəukræt] n.官僚作⻛风的⼈人, 官僚commissioner [kəˈmiʃənə]n.专员,委员;政府特派员5.居民citizen[ˈsitizən]n.公民,市民citizenry ['sitiznri] n.(总称)公民, 市民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民,住户resident [ˈrezidənt]n.居民;住院医⽣生 a.居住的;住校(院)的settler [ˈsetlə]n.移居者,定居者 ;殖民者6. ⼯工具kit [kit]n.成套⼯工具(⽤用品);配套元件 vt.装备equipment [iˈkwipmənt]n.设备,器械,装备device[diˈvais]n.装置,设备,器械;⼿手段,策略apparatus [ˌæpəˈreitəs] n.器械,器具,仪器;机构,组织facility [fəˈsiliti]n.[ pl.]设备,设施instrument [ˈinstrumənt]n.仪器,器械,⼯工具;乐器7.假设Hypothesis [haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说,假设,前提assumption [əˈsʌmpʃən]n.假定,臆断8.才华,智慧talent [ˈtælənt]n.才能,天资;⼈人才smart [smɑ:t]a.智能的;漂亮的;聪明的;厉害的,剧烈的Wise[waiz]a.有智慧的,聪明的;英明的,明智的wisdom [ˈwizdəm]n. 智慧,明智,正确的判断;学问wit [wit] [ pl.]智⼒力,才智n.⻛风趣,妙语intelligence [inˈtelidʒəns]n.智⼒力,智慧,理解⼒力;情报,消息 Intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt] a. 聪明的,有才智的intellect [ˈintilekt]n.智⼒力,理解⼒力;才智⾮非凡的⼈人intellectual [ˌintiˈlektʃuəl] a.知识的,智⼒力的,善于思维的 n.知识分⼦子 intellectualize [ˌinti'lektjuəlaiz] vt. 赋与理智, 使 ... 理智化gifted [ˈgiftid]a.有天赋的,有才华的9.尝试endeavor[inˈdevə] vt./ n.努⼒力,尽⼒力,尝试attempt [əˈtempt]n./ vt.尝试,企图,努⼒力10.各种会议meeting [ˈmi:tiŋ]n.会议conference [ˈkɔnfərəns]n.(正式)会议council ['kaunsil] n.地⽅方议会, 委员会, 理事会, 会议congress [ˈkɔŋgres]n.代表⼤大会;国会,议会convention [kənˈvenʃən]n.会议,⼤大会session [ˈseʃən]n.会议,⼀一届会期;集会assembly [əˈsembli]n.议会;集会,集合;组装rally [ˈræli]n.集会seminar [ˈseminɑ:]n.(⼤大学的)研究班,研讨会summit [ˈsʌmit]n.峰会,最⾼高级别会议symposium [simˈpəuziəm]n.讨论会forum [ˈfɔ:rəm] n.论坛,讨论会11.承诺commitment [kəˈmitmənt]n.承诺,保证promise [ˈprɔmis]n.承诺v.允诺;有希望;有前途pledge[pledʒ]n.保证,誓⾔言 vt.保证,许诺engagement [inˈgeidʒmənt]n.订婚,婚约;约会;正式的承诺或保证12.⾃自由freedom [ˈfri:dəm]n.⾃自由liberty [ˈlibəti]n.⾃自由(权);许可[ pl.]过于随便,放肆liberal [ˈlibərəl]a.⼼心胸宽阔的;⾃自由(主义)的;慷慨的autonomy [ɔ:ˈtɔnəmi]n.⾃自治,⾃自治权;⼈人⾝身⾃自由,⾃自主权13.名声fame[feim]n.声誉,名望,名声Renown[riˈnaun] n.名望,声誉reputation [repjuˈteiʃən]n.名⽓气,名声,名誉prestige [presˈti:ʒ] n.威信,威望14.结果,后果result [riˈzʌlt]n.结果;成绩,⽐比分 vi.导致;起因于outcome [ˈautkʌm]n.结果 2007T1consequence [ˈkɔnsikwəns]n.结果,后果;重要(性),重⼤大15.⼯工作,职业Career[kəˈriə]n.⽣生涯,职业profession [prəˈfeʃən]n. 职业(尤指须受⾼高深教育及专业训练者)vocation [vəuˈkeiʃən]n.职业pursuit [pəˈsju:t] [ pl.]⼯工作;嗜好,消遣n.追求;追逐calling[ˈkɔ:liŋ]n. 职业,⼯工作;点名enterprise [ˈentəpraiz]n.(艰巨的)事业;进取⼼心;企业(或事业)单位course [kɔ:s]n.事业;课程cause [kɔ:z]n.事业16.区域area [ˈɛəriə] n.⾯面积;地区,地域;领域,范围field [fi:ld] n.⽥田地;领域district [ˈdistrikt] n.区,地区region [ˈri:dʒən]n.地区,地带,区域zone [zəun]n.地区,区域17.范围,领域Sphere[sfiə]n.球(体);范围,领域category [ˈkætigəri] n.领域,范畴;种类,类,类别domain [dəˈmein,dəu-]n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势⼒力范围realm [relm]n.界,领域,范围;⺩王国,国度dimension [diˈmenʃən]n. 范围,⽅方⾯面,特点;尺⼨寸[ pl.]⾯面积,规模,程度universe [ˈju:nivə:s]n. 领域,范围;宇宙,万物,世界;domain [dəˈmein,dəu-]n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势⼒力范围18.焦虑,担忧anxiety [æŋˈzaiəti] n.焦虑,挂虑;渴望,热望concern [kənˈsə:n] n.关切的事,有兴趣的事;担⼼心,忧虑 vt.有关于;使担⼼心19.混乱disorder [disˈɔ:də] n.混乱,凌乱;骚乱,动乱;失调,病disorganize [dɪs'ɔːgənaɪz]v.扰乱; 使混乱; ⽡瓦解chaos['keiɔs]n.混乱,⽆无秩序turbulence['təә:bjʋləәns] n. 混乱,骚乱,动乱20.机会opportunity [ˌɔpəˈtju:niti] n.机会,时机chance [tʃɑ:ns] n. 机会;可能性;vi.碰巧发⽣生 vt.冒…的险odds [ɔdz]n.机会,概率;悬殊21.多样性multiplicity [ˌmʌlti'plisiti] n.多数,多样性diversity [daiˈvə:siti]n.多样,变化万千22.时期,时代period [ˈpiəriəd]n.(⼀一段)时间,时期;课时;句号era [ˈiərə]n.时代,纪元epoch [ˈi:pɔk]n.时期,时代age [eidʒ]n.年龄;时代(期) v.变旧,成熟stretch [stretʃ]vi.伸展 vt.拉⻓长 n.⼀一段时间(路程);伸展phase [feiz]n.阶段,时期spell [spel] n. ⼀一段时间,⼀一阵⼦子23.能⼒力Capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n. 才能,能⼒力;容量;⾝身份,职位ability [əˈbiliti]n.能⼒力,本领;才能,才智capability [ˌkeipəˈbiliti]n.能⼒力,才能;性能capable [ˈkeipəbəl]a.有能⼒力的,有技能的competent [ˈkɔmpitənt] a.有能⼒力的,能胜任的24.差别,差异difference [ˈdifrəns] n.差别,差异;差,差额;(意⻅见的)分歧distinction [diˈstiŋkʃən]n.差别;区分;优秀;荣誉,优待25.回报reward[riˈwɔ:d] n.报答,奖赏;报酬 vt.报答,奖励return [riˈtə:n] n.回报;返回[ pl.]盈利v.返回;恢复;归还26.⽅方法,途径tactic [ˈtæktik] n. 策略;⼿手段,战术,兵法strategy [ˈstrætidʒi]n.战略,策略approach [əˈprəutʃ]n.途径;⽅方式,⽅方法art [ɑ:t]n.技巧,技术measures ['meʒəz] n. 措施means [mi:nz]n.⽅方法,⼿手段,⼯工具channel [ˈtʃænəl]n.⽅方法,⽅方式;频道;[常 pl.]渠道;沟渠;海峡,航道27.妥协,让步compromise [ˈkɔmprəmaiz] n.妥协,折中 vi.妥协 vt.危及,放弃(原则等) concession [kənˈseʃən]n.让步,妥协;特许(权);承认,认可paycheck['peitʃek]n. 薪⽔水⽀支票, ⼯工资pay packet 收⼊入income [ˈinkʌm]n.收⼊入,所得,收益salary [ˈsæləri]n.薪⾦金,薪⽔水earning ['ə:niŋ] n.所赚的钱, 所得, 收⼊入29.利润,⼤大宗收⼊入profit [ˈprɔfit] n.利润,益处 vt.有益于,有利于 vi.得益gain [gein] [ pl.]收益v.得(益);(钟)⾛走快 n.增加margin [ˈmɑ:dʒin]n.利润;⻚页边空⽩白;差额;余地,余裕;边,边缘 revenue [ˈrevinju:] n.(⼤大宗的)收⼊入(益);税收,岁⼊入proceeds [ˈprəusi:dz]n.收⼊入30.补助⾦金pension [ˈpenʃən]n.养⽼老⾦金,抚恤⾦金 vt.发养⽼老⾦金(抚恤⾦金等)subsidy [ˈsʌbsidi] n.津贴,补助⾦金benefit [ˈbenifit]n.津贴,救济(保险)⾦金;益处vt.有益于 vi.得益31.⻘青少年teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.(13〜~19岁的)⻘青少年adolescent [ædəˈlesənt]n.⻘青少年 a.⻘青春期的,⻘青少年的adolescence [ˌædəuˈlesəns]n.⻘青春期juvenile [ˈdʒu:vənail] a.少年(特有)的;幼稚的 n.未成年⼈人,少年32.责任obligation [ˌɔbliˈgeiʃən]n.义务,责任responsibility [ˌrispɔnsəˈbiliti]n.责任,责任⼼心;职责,义务duty ['djuːtɪ]n.责任; 本分; 义务; 税commitment [kəˈmitmənt]n. 承担的义务,责任;承诺,保证;信奉,献⾝身stress [stres] n.压⼒力;重要性;应⼒力;重⾳音 vt.强调,重读 pressure [ˈpreʃə] n.压(⼒力),压强;压迫 vt.迫使,说服strain [strein] n.拉紧;压⼒力 [ pl.]旋律 vt.扭伤;绷紧 vi.尽⼒力34.志向,抱负aspiration [ˌæspəˈreiʃən] n.强烈的愿望,志向,抱负ambition [æmˈbiʃən]n.抱负,雄⼼心,野⼼心 201135.同龄⼈人Peer [piə]n.同龄⼈人,同地位的⼈人;贵族 vi.仔细看 counterpart [ˈkauntəpɑ:t] n.与对⽅方地位作⽤用相当的⼈人(或物)36.分配distribution [ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən]n.分发,分配;散布,分布 allocation [ˌæləˈkeiʃən]n.拨给,分配37.状态state [steit]n.状态;国家,政府;州 vt.陈述,说明status [ˈsteitəs]n. 情形,状况;地位,⾝身份;condition [kəәn'diʃəәn] n.情况;状态38.命运fortune [ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n. 命运,(⼤大量)财产,⼤大笔的钱;运⽓气fate [feit]n.命运destiny [ˈdestini] n.命运;定数,天命39.渠道Channel ['tʃænl]n.频道, 海峡, ⽅方法, 通道, 渠道 vt.引导, 形成河道, 集中(精⼒力)Canal [kəˈnæl]n.运河,沟渠40.趋势trend [trend] n.趋向,趋势,倾向;时新款式,时尚tendency [ˈtendənsi] n.趋向,趋势41.结构architecture['ɑ:kitektʃə] n.建筑学, 结构, ⼀一座建筑物, 总称建筑物, 建筑⻛风格 structure [ˈstrʌktʃə]n.结构,构造;建筑物 vt.构造,建造construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən] n. 结构;建造,建设;建造物,建筑物infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.结构,基础设施pattern [ˈpætən]n.结构,模式;花样,图案 vt.仿制fabric [ˈfæbrik]n. 结构,组织;织物,织品,布;构造42.解释interpret [inˈtə:prit] vt.解释,说明,诠释vi.⼝口译,翻译interpretation [inˌtə:priˈteiʃən] n.解释,说明,诠释;(表演的)艺术处理explanation [ˌekspləˈneiʃən]n.解释,说明,阐述43.成就achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n.成就,成绩;达到,实现(⻓长期努⼒力达成的) accomplishment [əˈkʌmpliʃmənt] n.完成;成就;才艺(前⼈人未达的) attainment [əˈteinmənt]n.完成,成就44.⽅方⾯面aspect [ˈæspekt]n.⽅方⾯面respect [riˈspekt] [ pl.]⽅方⾯面vt./ n.尊敬;尊重,重视45.原则principle [ˈprinsəpl]n.原则,原理,道义;基本信念,信条formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.原则,⽅方案;公式,⽅方程式;配⽅方46.合理rationalization [ˌræʃənəlai'zeiʃən] n.合理化legitimacy [li'dʒitiməsi] n.合法性, 合理性,正当47.环境setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.环境,背景,布景;调节,设定的位置circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns]n.环境,形势;[ pl.]境况,经济状况 condition [kənˈdiʃən]n.状况[ pl.]环境 vt.适应;调整状况;决定 environment [inˈvaiərənmənt]n.环境,周围状况,⾃自然环境surrounding [səˈraundiŋ]n.[ pl.]周围的事物48.含义Connotation[ˌkɔnəˈteiʃən] n.⾔言外之意,含义;内涵,暗⽰示 implication [ˌimpliˈkeiʃən]n.含意,暗⽰示,暗指;卷⼊入,牵连denote [diˈnəut]vt.意思是;表⽰示,是…的标志49.错误mistake [misˈteik] n.错误,过失error [ˈerə] n.错误,差错50.特点,特征c haracteristics [ˌkæriktə'ristik] n.特性, 特征, 特点quality [ˈkwɔliti] n. 性质,特质;质(量);品质; a.优良(质)的feature [ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征[ pl.]相貌;特写;故事⽚片 vt.突出trait[treit]n.特征,特点,特性character [ˈkæriktə]n. (个⼈人﹑ 集体﹑ 民族等特有的)品质, 特性;性格;⾓角⾊色;符号,(汉)字attribute [ˈætribju:t, əˈtribju:t] n.属性,特性vt.(to)把…归因于51.政治家politician [ˌpɔliˈtiʃən]n.政治家,政客statesman [ˈsteitsmən] n.国务活动家,政治家52.⾎血统,家系lineage ['linidʒ] n. 家系, 直系, ⾎血统bloodline['blʌdlain] n.⾎血统, ⾎血族ancestry [ˈænsəstri, ˈænsestri]n.祖先,⾎血统,世系Origin[ˈɔridʒin] [pl.]出⾝身,⾎血统n.起源,来源,起因[常race [reis]n.⼈人种, 种族, ⾎血统;赛跑, 竞争 v.赛跑, 竞赛53.准确性accuracy [ˈækjurəsi]n.准确(性),精确(性)precision[priˈsiʒən]n.精确(性),精密(度)54.复杂complexity [kəmˈpleksiti] n.复杂,复杂性intricacy [ˈintrikəsi]n.错综复杂intricate [ˈintrikit]a.错综复杂的,复杂精细的complicated[ˈkɔmplikeitid]a. 复杂的,难懂的55.⼼心情,情绪mood [mu:d] n.⼼心情,情绪emotion [iˈməuʃən]n.情感,感情,激情sentiment [ˈsentimənt]n. 感情,情绪意⻅见,观点standard[ˈstændəd] n.标准,规格 a.标准的criteria [krai'tiəriə] n.标准, 尺度, 准则 名词criterion的复数形式norm[nɔ:m]n.标准,规范[ pl.]准则57.进步,进展progressheadway [ˈhedwei]n.进展advance [ədˈvɑ:ns] n.进展vi.前进 vt.预先发放,提前 a.预先的58.障碍barrier [ˈbæriə]n. 障碍,隔阂;栅栏obstacle [ˈɔbstəkl]n.障碍(物)59.仪式ritual [ˈritʃuəl]n.(宗教等的)仪式;例⾏行公事 a.例⾏行的ceremony [ˈseriməni]n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪60.委员会board [bɔ:d]n. 委员会,理事会,董事会;(⿊黑)板; v.上(船,⻜飞机等);搭伙 committee [kəˈmiti]n.委员会council [ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会,理事会;会议commission [kəˈmiʃən] n.委员会;佣⾦金;授权 vt.委任,委托61.观点,想法idea [aiˈdiə]n.想法,主意;思想,概念notion [ˈnəuʃən]n.概念,观念;意图,想法,(怪)念头concept [ˈkɔnsept]n.概念,观念,思想conception [kənˈsepʃən]n.思想,观念,概念;构想perception [pəˈsepʃən]n.感知(能⼒力),觉察(⼒力);观念,看法position [pəˈziʃən]n. 职务;位置;地位,姿势;⽴立场 vt.安置post [ˈpəust] n. 职位;邮政(件);(⽀支)柱vt.邮寄;贴出opening [ˈəupəniŋ]n. 空缺;⼝口⼦子,洞,孔;开端a.开(始)的63.元素,成分element [ˈelimənt]n.元素;成分[ pl.]基础,纲要,原理component [kəmˈpəunənt]n.(组)成(部)分,部件 a.组成的,构成的 part and parcel 重要(或必要、基本)的部分constituent [kənˈstitʃuənt]n.选民;成分,组分 a.组成的,构成的block [blɔk]n.组成部分;⽯石块,⽉⽊木块;⼤大楼;街区;障碍(物) vt.堵塞;妨碍 ingredient [inˈgri:diənt]n.组成部分,成分,原料;要素,因素variable[ˈveəriəbəl] n.可变因素,变量a. 多变的;可变的factor [ˈfæktə] n.因素,要素64.选择choice [tʃɔis]n.选择(权);供选择的东⻄西 a.上等的,精选的option [ˈɔpʃən]n.选择(权);可选择的事物(或⼈人),选课alternative [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv]a.两者择⼀一的;另类的 n.取舍;选择余地65.挫折frustration [frʌsˈtreiʃən] n.挫折,阻挠setback [ˈsetbæk]n.挫折,倒退,失败66.法官judge [dʒʌdʒ]n.法官;裁判员 v.断定;裁决,评定;审判justice ['dʒʌstis] n. 法官,公平, 公正, 正义, 司法, 法律制裁67.动⼒力dynamics [dai'næmiks] n.动⼒力;⼒力学, 动⼒力学, 动态motive [ˈməutiv] n.动机,动因,⺫⽬目的stimulus[ˈstimjuləs] n.促进(因素);刺激(物)incentive [ɪn'sentɪv]n. 激励,刺激,奖励;动机adj.激励的68.评论critique [kri'ti:k] n. 批评性的分析; 评论; 评论⽂文章criticism [ˈkritisizəm]n.批评,批判,指责;评论,评论⽂文章 comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论,意⻅见;闲话,议论 vt.评论review [ri'vju:]n. 评论69.运动campaign [kæmˈpein] n.运动;战役 vi.发起运动,参加竞选move [mu:v] n.运动;动作;移动,搬家v.搬;动摇;感动 movement [ˈmu:vmənt]n.运动activity [ækˈtivəti]n.活动,⾏行动Program活动,活动计划 =plan of activitiesinitiative [iˈniʃiətiv]n. 主动(的⾏行动);主动性,⾸首创精神;倡议70.缺陷,缺点lameness [ˈleɪm.nəs] n.令⼈人不满意的地⽅方,缺陷,不⾜足flaw [flɔ:]n.缺点,瑕疵,缺陷kink [kiŋk] n.纽结, 抽筋,怪癖, 奇想,缺陷 v.打结, 绞71.婴⼉儿toddler ['tɔdlə] n.初学⾛走路的孩⼦子infant [ˈinfənt]n.婴⼉儿,幼⼉儿 a.婴⼉儿的,幼稚的,初期的consciousness [ˈkɔnʃəsnis]n.意识;觉悟;知觉awareness [əˈwɛənis]n.知道,晓得perception[pəˈsepʃən]n.感知(能⼒力),觉察(⼒力);观念,意识,看法 consciousness['kɔnʃəәsnis]n.意识,知觉,感觉73.条件prerequisite['pri:'rekwizit] n.先决条件, 前提 adj.作为前提的, 必备的condition [kənˈdiʃən]n.条件;状况[ pl.]环境 vt.适应;调整状况;决定74.⾼高峰,⾼高点peak[pi:k] n.⼭山(顶)峰,最⾼高值,顶点vi.达到⾼高峰 a.最⼤大值的in one’s prime 在某⼈人的全盛时期at the height of处在 ... 的最巅峰,达最⾼高点, 在最旺盛时,75.经济衰退downturn['dauntə:n] n.低迷时期,下滑时期recession [riˈseʃən]n.(经济的)衰退,衰退期decline [diˈklain]n.下降 vi.下降;衰退;谢绝 vt.谢绝slump [slʌmp]vi.暴跌;突然倒下n.萧条期,低潮depression [diˈpreʃən]n.抑郁,沮丧;不景⽓气,萧条(期);洼地 stagnation [stægˈneiʃən]n.停滞economic weakness经济疲软lean time 拮据时期,⻘青⻩黄不接的时期 (hard times)troubled economic 陷⼊入困境的经济softening economy疲软的经济slowdown ['sləudaun] n.降低速度, 减速shrink [ʃriŋk]vi.起皱,收缩;畏缩 vt.使起皱,使收缩downside ['daunsaid] n. 下降趋势piece [pi:s] n.件, 篇, ⽚片, 块, 作品vt.修补, 拼凑work [wə:k] [ pl.]作品;著作;研究成果v.⼯工作;有效 n.⼯工作;职业 masterpiece [ˈmɑ:stəpi:s]n. 杰作77.裁决,排定verdict [ˈvə:dikt]n.裁定,裁决;定论,判断性意⻅见judgment [ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]n. 审判,判决意⻅见;评价;判断(⼒力) ruling ['ru:liŋ] n.裁决 adj.统治的, ⽀支配的, 流⾏行的78.游客tourist [ˈtuərist]n.旅游者,观光者visitor [ˈvizitə]n.参观者,访问者,来客sightseer ['saitˌsi:ə] n.观光者, 游客79.顾客customer [ˈkʌstəmə]n.顾客,主顾consumer [kənˈsju:mə] n.消费者,⽤用户,消耗者client [ˈklaiənt]n. 顾客clientele [ˌkli:ənˈtel]n.(医⽣生、律师的)顾客,(商店的)常客80.喜悦,满⾜足pleasure [ˈpleʒə]n.⾼高兴,满⾜足;令⼈人⾼高兴的事物,乐事joy [dʒɔi]n.欢欣,喜悦;乐事,乐趣delight [diˈlait]n.⾼高兴;使⼈人⾼高兴的东⻄西(或⼈人) v.⾼高兴,欣喜 gratification [ˌgrætifiˈkeiʃən]n.满⾜足,满意81.对⼿手rival [ˈraivəl]n.竞争对⼿手 a.竞争的 vt.竞争;与…匹敌opponent [əˈpəunənt]n.敌⼿手,对⼿手;反对者82.摇摆,动摇swing [swiŋ]v.(使)摇摆;(使)旋转 n.摆动,波动fluctuation [ˌflʌktjuˈeiʃən]n.波动,起伏,变动83.崇拜cult [kʌlt] n. 狂热崇拜, 个⼈人崇拜,宗教膜拜仪式, 异教worship [ˈwə:ʃip] n.崇拜,崇敬;敬奉,信奉.84.律师lawyer [ˈlɔ:jə]n.律师attorney [əˈtə:ni]n.律师counsel [ˈkaunsəl]n.律师,法律顾问;忠告 vt.劝告,提议85.价格price [prais]n.价格,价钱;代价 vt.定价(或标价)rate [reit]n.价格,费⽤用;进度;⽐比率,率 vt.评估 vi.被评价bid [bid]n.出价,叫价;企图;投标 vi.投标 vt.出(价);祝;命令86.在…⽅方⾯面in respect ofin terms of87.指控allegation [æliˈgeiʃən] n.(⽆无证据的)指控charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]n.指控;费⽤用;管理 vt.要价;指控 vi.收费;冲锋 accusation [ækju:ˈzeiʃən]n.谴责;告发B.形容词、副词类1.可⾏行的possible [ˈpɔsəb(ə)l]a.可能的,做得到的;可接受的,合理的 viable [ˈvaiəbəl]a.可⾏行的,能活下去的feasible [ˈfi:zəbəl]a.可⾏行的,可能的,可⽤用的eligible [ˈelidʒəbəl] a.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的2.以前的former [ˈfɔ:mə]a.在前的,以前的,旧时的 n.[the〜~]前者previous[ˈpri:viəs]a.先,前,以前的;(to)在…之前prior [ˈpraiə]a.优先的,在前的preceding [pri(:)ˈsi:diŋ]a.在先的,在前的,前⾯面的ahead of [əˈhed əv]⽐比…提前,⽐比…更早3.严格的strict [strikt]a.严格的;严谨的stern [stə:n]a.严厉的,严格的,严峻的rigid [ˈridʒid]a.严格的rigorous [ˈrigərəs]a.严密的,缜密的;严格的,严厉的4.坏的,恶劣的nasty[ˈnɑ:sti] a.令⼈人讨厌的;困难的;恶劣的;下流的 undesirable [ˌʌndiˈzaiərəbəl] a.令⼈人不悦的,讨厌的 Awkward [ˈɔ:kwəd]a.尴尬的,棘⼿手的;难操纵的;笨拙的 dreadful [ˈdredfəl]a.糟透了的;极端的;可怕的,令⼈人畏惧的 vicious [ˈviʃəs]a.恶毒的,凶残的;剧烈的,严重的evil [ˈi:vəl]a.邪恶的,坏的 n.邪恶,罪恶,祸害passive [ˈpæsiv] a.被动的,消极的negative [ˈnegətiv] a.否定的;消极的;负的 n.底⽚片;负数5.密切地closely [ˈkləusli]ad.紧密地;准确地intimately [ˈintimitli]ad.密切地;熟悉地6.脆弱的,易受影响的Susceptible[sə'septəbl] adj.易受外界影响的, 易受感染的 Vulnerable [ˈvʌlnərəbəl]a.易受伤的,脆弱的;易受攻击的Vulnerability [ˌvʌlnərə'biliti] n. 易受攻击, 弱点, [计]漏洞fragile [ˈfrædʒail] a.易碎的,脆的,易损坏的;虚弱的,脆弱的feeble[ˈfi:bəl]a.虚弱的,衰弱的,⽆无⼒力的;⽆无效的,⽆无益的infirm [in'fə:m] adj.体弱的, 虚弱的weak [wi:k]a.虚弱的;(能⼒力等)差的;微弱的,稀薄的7.唯⼀一的,单⼀一的unique [ju:ˈni:k]a.唯⼀一的,独⼀一⽆无⼆二的;极不寻常的sole [səul]a.唯⼀一的;独有的 n.脚底,鞋底,袜底8.相等的equal [ˈi:kwəl] a.同样的,相同的vt.等于 n.相等的数量;可⽐比的东⻄西 identical [aiˈdentikəl]a.(to,with)相同(等)的;同⼀一的equivalent [iˈkwivələnt]a.相等的,相当的 n.等价物,意义相同的词9.相似的analogy[əˈnælədʒi]n.⽐比拟,类⽐比,类推; 相似, 类似analogous [əˈnæləgəs]a.相似的parallel[ˈpærəlel] n.相似处;平⾏行线;纬线 a.平⾏行的;类似的 similar [ˈsimilə, ˈsimələ]a.相似的,类似的akin [əˈkin]a.同类的,相似的10.精疲⼒力竭worn out 疲惫不堪的;穿破了的Stressed-out adj. 精疲⼒力尽的, 虚弱不堪的exhausted [igˈzɔ:stid]a.耗尽的;精疲⼒力尽的11.家庭的domestic [dəˈmestik] a. 家⽤用的,家庭的;国内的;家(庭)的,驯养的 household [ˈhaushəuld] n.家庭,户 a.家庭(⽤用)的;家喻户晓的12.国内的civil [ˈsivəl] a.公民的,国内的;民⽤用(事)的;⽂文明的domestic [dəˈmestik]a.国内的;家(庭)的,家⽤用的;驯养的13.道德的moral [ˈmɔrəl]a.道德的,有道德的 n.[ pl.]道德;寓意ethical [''eθɪkl]adj.伦理的, 道德的virtuous [ˈvə:tjuəs]a.有道德的14.优秀的,卓越的outstanding [autˈstændiŋ]a.突(杰)出的,显著的superior [su:ˈpiəriə, sju:-]a.上级的,较优的;较⾼高的;⾼高傲的 n.上级,⻓长官 excellent [ˈeksələnt] a.优秀的,卓越的,杰出的unprecedented [ʌnˈpresidentid]a.空前的extraordinary [ikˈstrɔ:dinəri]a.不平常的,特别的,⾮非凡的eminent [ˈeminənt]a.卓越的,显赫的prominent [ˈprɔminənt]a.突出的,杰出的;突起的,凸出的 distinguished [diˈstiŋgwiʃt]a.著名的,卓越的15.模糊的unclear ['ʌn'kliə] adj.不清楚的, 含混的vague [veig] a.含糊的,不明确的,模糊的ambiguous [æmˈbigjuəs]a.引起歧义的,模棱两可的,含糊不清的 indefinite [inˈdefinit]a.⽆无限期的;不明确的,含糊的16.⽭矛盾的contradictory [ˌkɔntrə'diktəri] adj. ⽭矛盾的 n. ⽭矛盾 Paradoxical ['pærədɑksɪkl]a. ⾃自相⽭矛盾的17.故意的intentional [inˈtenʃənəl]a.故意的,存⼼心的deliberate [diˈlibəreit]a.故意的purposedly ['pə:pəstli]adv. 故意地, 蓄意地18.到⺫⽬目前so far迄今为⽌止,到⺫⽬目前为⽌止hitherto [ˌhiðəˈtu:] ad.到⺫⽬目前为⽌止,迄今19.关于regarding [riˈgɑ:diŋ] prep.关于concerning [kənˈsə:niŋ]prep.关于20.全世界的worldwide [ˌwə:ldˈwaid] ad.世界范围(的),全世界(的) global [ˈgləubəl]a.全球的,全世界的;总的,完整的 international [ˌintəˈnæʃənəl]a.国际的,世界(性)的21.可观的,⼤大量的handsome [ˈhændsəm] a. 可观的;(男)英俊的;(⼥女)好看的 considerable [kənˈsidərəbəl] a.相当⼤大(或多)的substantial [səbˈstænʃəl] a.可观的superfluous [su:ˈpə:fluəs, sju:-]a.过多的,过剩的,多余的abundant [əˈbʌndənt]a.⼤大量(充⾜足)的;(in)丰富(富裕)的extensive [ikˈstensiv]a. ⼲⼴广泛的,⼤大量的;⼲⼴广⼤大的,⼲⼴广阔的22.学术的Scholarly ['skɔləli]adj.学术性的, 学究⽓气的, 学者派头的academic [ˌækəˈdemik]a.学校(院)的;学术的 n.⼤大学教师23.完全的completely [kəmˈpli:tli]ad.完全地,彻底entirely [inˈtaiəli]ad.完全地;彻底地thoroughly [ˈθʌrəli]ad.完全地,彻底地radical [ˈrædikəl] a.彻底的,完全的;根(基)本的;激进(派)的 n.激进分⼦子 purely ['pjʊəlɪ]adv.纯粹地;完全地 全然地fundamental [ˌfʌndə'mentl] adj. 根本的,基本的,重要的n.基础, 基本原理literally [ˈlitərəli]n. 真正地;简直地,完全地;逐字地,照字⾯面地24.负责Be responsible for对…负责accountable [əˈkauntəbəl]a.负有责任的,对…负责 [responsible]25.明显dramatically[drə'mætikli] adv. 显著的; 戏剧地, 引⼈人注⺫⽬目地,marked [mɑ:kt] adj. 显著的,明显的;有记号的,remarkable [riˈmɑ:kəbl]a.引⼈人注⺫⽬目的;异常的,⾮非凡的measurable [ˈmeʒərəbl] a.明显的,重⼤大的;可测量的glaring ['glɛəriŋ]adj. 明显的,耀眼的, 华丽⽽而俗⽓气的,怒视的pronounced[prə'naunst]adj.显著的, 明确的; 断然的evident [ˈevidənt]a.明显的,明⽩白的distinctly [diˈstiŋktli]ad.清楚地,明晰地strikingly ['straikiŋli] adv. 显著地, 突出地, 惊⼈人地, 引⼈人注⺫⽬目地conspicuous [kənˈspikjuəs]a.显眼的,明显的apparently[əˈpærəntli]ad.显然,表⾯面上地notably['nəutəbli]adv. 显著地, 值得注意地, 特别地26.有价值的,有意义的worthy [ˈwə:ði]a. 有价值的;(of)值得的,配得上的valuable [ˈvæljuəbəl, -jubəl]a有价值的,.贵重的n.[ pl.]贵重物品(⾸首饰) worthwhile [ˌwə:θˈwail]a.值得(做)的,有价值的precious [ˈpreʃəs]a.珍贵的,贵重的meaningful [ˈmi:niŋfəl] a.富有意义的,意味深⻓长的significant [sigˈnifikənt]a.意义重⼤大的;意味深⻓长的count [kaunt] vt.有重要意义,有价值;计算;认为 vi.计算;值得考虑 n.总数27.⾮非常,相当very [ˈveri]ad.很;完全地quite [kwait]ad.相当fairly [ˈfɛəli]ad.相当,尚可,还;公平地,公正地28.可信credible [ˈkredəbəl] a.可信的,可靠的plausible [ˈplɔ:zəbəl]a.似乎正确的,貌似可信的29.重要的essential [iˈsenʃəl] a.必不可少的;本质的,基本的 n.[ pl.]要素critical [ˈkritikəl] a.决定性的,关键性的,危急的;批评(判)的crucial [ˈkru:ʃiəl] a.⾄至关重要的,决定性的indispensable [ˌindiˈspensəbəl] a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的 urgent [ˈə:dʒənt] a.急迫的,紧要的necessary [ˈnesisəri]a.必要的;必然的 n.[ pl.]必需品30.令⼈人恐惧的fearsome['fiəsəm]adj.吓⼈人的, 可怕的, 害怕的formidable [ˈfɔ:midəbəl]a.可怕的;难以克服的,难对付的 thorny [ˈθɔ:ni]a.多刺的,棘⼿手的31.⼩小⼼心的,谨慎的careful [ˈkɛəful]a.⼩小⼼心的,仔细的cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs]a.⼗十分⼩小⼼心的,谨慎的Prudent[ˈpru:dənt]a.审慎的,⼩小⼼心谨慎的alert [əˈlə:t] a.警觉的 vt.使警惕 n.戒备;警报32.共同的shared['tʃeəd]adj. 共同的, 共⽤用的collective [kəˈlektiv]a.集体的,共同的 n.团体,集体33.活的live [laiv] a.活的;直播的vi.居住;活;难忘 vt.⽣生活alive [əˈlaiv] a.活着的;存在的living [ˈliviŋ]a.活(着)的,⽣生活(动)的;现⾏行的 n.⽣生计(活)lively [ˈlaivli]a.活泼的;热烈的;逼真的34.分别地,各⾃自地respective [riˈspektiv] a.各⾃自的,各个的,分别的separate [ˈsepəreit]a.分离的;各别的 v.使分离;区分;分居jealous [ˈdʒeləs]a.妒忌的,羡慕的envious [ˈenviəs]a.妒忌的,羡慕的36.最初的initial [i'niʃəl] adj.开始的, 最初的, 字⾸首的n.(词)⾸首字⺟母original [əˈridʒənəl] a.最初的,最开始的;原来的;原版的 n.原件,原作 primitive [ˈprimitiv]a.原始的;简单的 n.原(始)⼈人,原始事物37.内在的,固有的Inherently [in'hiərəntli] adv. 天性地, 固有地,内在地inborn [ˌinˈbɔ:n]a.天⽣生的,天赋的intrinsic[inˈtrinsik]a.固有的,本质的,内在的innate [ˌiˈneit]a.天⽣生的,固有的,天赋的38.有害的injurious [inˈdʒuəriəs] a.有害的harmful [ˈhɑ:mful]a.有害的detrimental [ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntl]a.有害的,不利的39.基本的,基础的basic [ˈbeisik]a.基本的,基础的primary [ˈpraiməri]a. 基本的;⾸首要的,主要的,最初(级)的fundamental [ˌfʌndə'mentl]adj.基本的, 根本的, 重要的 n.基础, 基本原理brief [bri:f] a. 简短的;短暂的vt.作…的提要 n.摘要,简报 concise [kənˈsais] a.简明的,简要的41.⽆无效的invalid [inˈvælid] a.(法律上)⽆无效的;站不住脚的 n.残疾者In vain ⽆无效的,徒劳的42.⾜足够的enough [iˈnʌf]ad.⾜足够地,充分地;相当,尚 a.⾜足够的 sufficient [səˈfiʃənt]a. ⾜足够的,充分的adequate [ˈædikwit]a.充⾜足的,⾜足够的;适当的,胜任的43.最终finally [ˈfainəli]ad.最后,终于ultimately [ˈʌltimitli]ad.最后,最终eventually [iˈventʃuəli]ad.终于,最后44.满意content [ˈkɔntent] a.满意的n.内容;含量;满意 vt.使满意Satisfied[`sætɪs,faɪd ]gratification[ˌgrætifiˈkeiʃən]n.满⾜足,满意45.关⼼心,在意be concerned with关⼼心be interested in对…感兴趣46.怀疑skeptical [ˈskeptikəl] a.表⽰示怀疑的doubtful [ˈdautful]a. 怀疑的,可疑的doubt [daut]n.疑惑,疑问,怀疑 v.怀疑,不相信suspicion [səˈspiʃən]n.怀疑,猜疑suspicious [səˈspiʃəs]a.猜疑的;可疑的;(of)表⽰示怀疑的questionable [ˈkwestʃənəbəl] a.可疑的,不可靠的mistrust [misˈtrʌst]v.& n.不信任;怀疑47.短暂的passing a.短暂的; 短促的; ⻜飞逝的fleeting [ˈfli:tiŋ]a.短暂的,⻜飞逝的temporary [ˈtempərəri]a.暂时的,临时的48.相对地comparatively [kəm'pærətivli] adv. ⽐比较地, 相对地relatively [ˈrelətivli]ad.⽐比较地;相对地49.惊⼈人的startling [ˈstɑ:tliŋ]a.惊⼈人的surprising [səˈpraiziŋ]a.惊⼈人的50.有趣的entertaining [ˌentə'teiniŋ] adj.有趣的, 娱乐性的, 令⼈人愉快的n.招待, 款待 funny [ˈfʌni]a.滑稽的,有趣的;稀奇的;稍感不适的amusing [əˈmju:ziŋ]a.有趣的interesting [ˈintristiŋ]a.有趣的,引起兴趣的51.令⼈人困惑confusing [kən'fju:ziŋ] adj. 使⼈人困惑的, 令⼈人费解的confused [kən'fju:zd] adj.困惑的perplex [pəˈpleks]vt.使困惑perplexing [pə'pleksiŋ] adj.使⼈人困惑的elude [i'lu:d] vt.使困惑,使理解不了,使记不起来; 逃避, 躲避, puzzle[ˈpʌzl]v.(使)迷惑;(使)苦思 n.谜;难题obscure [əbˈskjuə]a.不著名的;令⼈人费解的 vt.使变模糊,掩盖bewildering [bi'wildəiŋ] adj. 令⼈人困惑的, 使⼈人混乱的52.微妙的delicate [ˈdelikeit] a. 微妙的;易碎的;娇弱的;精美的subtle [ˈsʌtl]a.微妙的;诡秘的,狡诈的;隐约的53.过分的,过度的undue[ˌʌnˈdju:, -ˈdu:]a.过分的,过度的excessive [ikˈsesiv]a.过多的,过分的,过度的egregiously[iˈgri:dʒəs li]a.(缺点等)过份地,惊⼈人地,⾮非常地 superfluous [su:ˈpə:fluəs, sju:-] a.过多的,过剩的,多余的54.事实上actually [ˈæktʃuəli]ad.事实上;实际上virtually [ˈvə:tʃuəli]ad.实际上,事实上55.可⽤用的,可得的available [əˈveiləbəl]a.现成可使⽤用的,可利⽤用的;可得到的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl]a.容易取得的,可获得的56.令⼈人信服的compelling [kəm'peliŋ] adj. 令⼈人信服的;引⼈人注⺫⽬目的, 紧迫的, convincing [kənˈvinsiŋ]a.令⼈人信服的;有说服⼒力的;有⼒力的p ersuasive [pə'sweisiv] adj.有说服⼒力的, 令⼈人信服的reliable [riˈlaiəbl]a.可靠的,可信赖的valid [ˈvælid]a.有根据的;有效的,具有法律效⼒力的57.流⾏行的prevailing [priˈveiliŋ]a.盛⾏行的,流⾏行的prevalent [ˈprevələnt]a.流⾏行的,普遍的widespread [ˈwaidspred]a. 分布(或散布)⼲⼴广的,普遍的epidemic [ˌepiˈdemik] n.盛⾏行,(⻛风尚、思潮)流⾏行流⾏行病a.流⾏行性的,流传极⼲⼴广的pervasive [pəˈveisiv]a.普遍的,遍及的58.传统,常规traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]a.传统的,习惯的conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl]a.普通的,常规的;符合习俗的,因循守旧的 unconventional ['ʌnkənv'enʃənəl] a. 不合传统的,不合常规的 stereotypical[,steriə`tɪpɪkl]a.陈规的,⽼老套的59.愚蠢的dumb [dʌm]a.愚蠢的;哑的;说不出话的,沉默的dim [dim] adj. 笨的;暗淡的, 模糊的, v.使暗淡, 使失去光泽60.可鄙的scornful ['skɔrnfʊl]adj.轻蔑的, 嘲笑的contemptible [kənˈtemptəbəl]a.可鄙的61.深刻的profound [prə'faund] adj.深奥的, 渊博的, 极度的, 意义深远的insightful ['insaitfəl] adj.有深刻⻅见解的, 富有洞察⼒力的62.补充的complementary [ˌkɔmpliˈmentəri] a.补充的supplement [ˈsʌplimənt, ˈsʌpliment]n.补充(物);增刊,副刊 vt.增补 additional [əˈdiʃənəl]a.添加的,额外的,另外的63.公正的objective[ɔbˈdʒektiv] a.客观的,不带偏⻅见的n.⺫⽬目标,⺫⽬目的 unbiased ['ʌn'baiəst]a.客观的,公正的impartial [imˈpɑ:ʃəl] a.公平的detached [diˈtætʃt]a.公正的;分开的;超然的;离群的unjust [ʌnˈdʒʌst]a.不公平(正)的64.残忍brutal [ˈbru:tl]a.残忍的;冷酷的,难以忍受的savagely [ˈsævidʒli]ad.野蛮地,残酷的ruthless [ˈru:θləs]a.⽆无情的,冷酷的,残忍的inhuman [inˈhju:mən]a.不⼈人道的cruel [ˈkru:əl]a.残酷的,残忍的cruelty [ˈkru:əlti]n.残忍;残酷⾏行为65.全部的holistic[həu'listik] adj.整体的, 全盘的overall [ˈəuvərɔ:l]a.全⾯面(部)的wholesale [ˈhəulseil]a. ⼤大规模的66.持续的,⻓长期的relentless [ri'lentlis] adj.冷酷⽆无情的, 不间断的persist [pəˈsist]vi. 持续;(in)坚持不懈,执意persistent [pəˈsistənt]a.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的constant [ˈkɔnstənt]a.始终如⼀一的,⻓长期的,不断的;忠实的 n.常数,恒量 consistent [kənˈsistənt]a.持续的,⻓长期的;坚持的,⼀一贯的;⼀一致的 lasting [ˈlɑ:stiŋ]a.持久的permanent [ˈpə:mənənt]a.永久(性)的,固定的endless [ˈendlis] a.⽆无⽌止境的,没完没了的perpetual [pəˈpetʃuəl]a.永久的,⻓长期的;⽆无休⽌止的sustained [səs'teind] adj.持久的, 经久不衰的perpetuate[pəˈpetʃueit]v. 使(某事物)永久, 永存或持续perpetuity [ˌpə:piˈtju:iti]n.永恒,永久durable [ˈdjuərəbl]a.耐⽤用的,持久的continual [kənˈtinjuəl] a.不间断的,不停的;多次重复的,频频的 continuous [kənˈtinjuəs] a.连续不断的,不断延伸的enduring [inˈdjuəriŋ]a.持久的eternal [i'tə:nəl] adj.永久的, 永恒的 n.永恒的事67.温和的,适度的mild [maild]a.温和的,温柔的;温暖的;轻微的moderate[ˈmɔdərit]a.⼀一般的;温和的,适度的v.(使)和缓 n.温和派 modest ['mɔdist] adj. 适度的;谦虚的;端庄的, 有节制的68.初期的preliminary [priˈliminəri]a.预备的,初步的 n.[ pl.]初步做法infancy [ˈinfənsi]n.婴⼉儿期;初期initial[i'niʃəәl]n. 开始的,最初的69.猛烈的violent [ˈvaiələnt]a. 猛烈的,强烈的;暴⼒力引起的,强暴的fierce [fiəs]a.凶猛的,好⽃斗的;狂热的;猛烈的intense [inˈtens]a.强烈的,紧张的;认真的;热情(切)的70.献⾝身的dedicated [ˈdedikeitid]a.献⾝身的,⼀一⼼心⼀一意的,热诚的 devoted [diˈvəutid]a.献⾝身…的,忠实的71.古怪的weird [wiəd]a.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘⽽而可怕的odd [ɔd]a.奇特的bizarre [biˈzɑ:]a.奇形怪状的,怪诞的72.有利的beneficial [ˌbeniˈfiʃəl]a.有益的,有利的favorable [ˈfeivərəbəl]a.有利的conducive [kənˈdju:siv] a.有益的,有助的contribute to 有助于,有利于73.潜在的,可能的potential [pəˈtenʃəl]a.潜在的,可能的 n.潜⼒力,潜能 underlying [ˌʌndəˈlaiiŋ]a.含蓄的,潜在的insidious [in'sidiəs] adj. 隐伏的, 暗中为害的, 阴险的74.势不可挡的predominantly [pri'dɔminəntli] adv.主要地, 占优势地, 压倒性地overwhelming [ˌəuvəˈwelmiŋ]a.势不可挡的,压倒的;巨⼤大的75.奢侈地extravagantly [ik'strævəgəntli] adv. 挥霍⽆无度地,奢侈的luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈,华贵;奢侈品76.假冒的phony ['fəʊnɪ]n.赝品; 骗⼦子; 骗⼈人的东⻄西adj.假冒的artificial [ˌɑ:tiˈfiʃəl]a.⼈人⼯工(造,为)的;假的,模拟的synthetic [sinˈθetik] a.合成的,⼈人造的;虚假的fake [feik]n.假货;骗⼦子 a.假的的 vt.伪造;伪装counterfeit [ˈkauntəfit]vt.伪造 n.赝品 a.假冒的C.动词类1.关注,聚焦Focus on 以…为焦点;集中于Concentrate on聚焦,关注center on 集中在, 着重在2.遵守,服从adhere [ədˈhiə]vi. 遵守,坚持;粘附,附着;追随,⽀支持stick to 粘贴在…上;紧跟;坚持,忠于,信守abide by 履⾏行协议﹑ 服从裁决﹑ 遵从裁定,遵守诺⾔言conform [kənˈfɔ:m]vi.(to)遵守,适应;相似,⼀一致,符合3.引起,激起arouse[əˈrauz]vt.引起,激起,唤起;唤醒trigger[ˈtrigə] vt.触发,引起n.扳机;引起反应的⾏行动,触发的 incur[inˈkə:]vt.招致,遭受,引起provoke [prəˈvəuk]vt. 激起,引起;对…挑衅,激怒spark[spɑ:k] vt.触发,引起n.⽕火花,⽕火星 vi.发出⽕火花bring out激起,引起induce [inˈdju:s]vt.引诱,劝;引起,导致invite [inˈvait]vt. 吸引,招致(⿇麻烦等) ;邀请;征(请)求4.寻求quest[kwest] n.寻求,搜索,追求search [sə:tʃ]n.搜索,寻找,探查seek [si:k]vt.寻找,追求;请求(帮助);试图5.源⾃自于Originate[əˈridʒineit]vi.起源于,来⾃自 vt.创造,创始,开创 derive [diˈraiv] vi.(from)起源,衍⽣生vt.取得;追溯起源 result from 由…产⽣生,源⾃自于stem [stem] vi.(from)起源于 n.茎,干;词干 vt.堵住6.监管monitor [ˈmɔnitə]vt.监听(视;测) n.检测器;显⽰示器;班⻓长supervise [ˈsu:pəvaiz, ˈsju:-]v.监督,管理,指导7.⽣生⽓气,愤怒rage [reidʒ]n.狂怒outrage[ˈautˌreidʒ] n.义愤,愤慨;暴⾏行 vt.激起…的义愤enrage[in'reidʒ] vt. 激怒, 使暴怒Seething anger愤恨indignation [ˌindigˈneiʃən]n.愤怒,愤慨,义愤indignant [inˈdignənt]a.愤怒的,愤慨的,义愤的8.影响affect [ə'fekt]vt.影响, 感动, 作⽤用influence [ˈinfluəns] vt.影响n.影响(⼒力);势⼒力,权势impact [ˈimpækt]n./ v.影响,作⽤用;冲击,碰撞9.遭受,受到subject sb./sth to使某⼈人[某物]经历或遭受某事物Suffer from 遭受10.联系,连接link [liŋk]v.连接,联系 n.环节,联系,纽带associate [əˈsəuʃieit]vt.使联合 vi.结交 n.伙伴 a.副的 connect [kənˈnekt]vt.连接;联系;接通电话 vi.连接,衔接 combine [kəmˈbain]v.结(联,化)合 n.联合企业;联合收割机 bind [baind]vt.捆绑(扎);使结(粘)合;约束;装订attach [əˈtætʃ]vt.连接,附上;使依恋;认为有;使附属tie [tai]vt.扎;系;连接 vi.不分胜负 n.领带;联系11.被视为be seen as 被视为be regarded as 被认为是be thought of as 被认为,被视为 & 215be considered asbe recognized asbe viewed as 被视为12.倾向tend [tend]vi.易于;趋向,倾向 vt.照管,护理inclined [inˈklaind] a.倾向于,赞成的prone [prəun]a.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的13.恢复restore [riˈstɔ:]vt.恢复,使回复;修复,整修;归还recover [riˈkʌvə]vi.恢复,痊愈 vt.收复;使复原;挽回revive [riˈvaiv]vt.使复苏 vi.恢复revitalize [ri:ˈvaitəlaiz]v.使复活,使重新充满活⼒力14.忍受tolerate [ˈtɔləreit] vt. 容忍,忍受;容许,承认withstand [wiðˈstænd]vt.经受,承受,抵住endure [inˈdjuə]vt.忍受,容忍 vi.忍受,忍耐;持久15.处理,应对cope(with) [kəup] vi. (成功地)应付,(妥善地)处理deal with处理,对付Handle [ˈhændl]vt.处理,应付;操作;拿 n.柄,把⼿手work through 处理 解决approach [əˈprəutʃ]v.应对,着⼿手处理;靠近 n.接近,临近;途径;⽅方式,⽅方法 address [əˈdres]n.地址;演说 vt. 对付,应付;写地址;演说16.将…变成…transform A into B 将A 变为Bturn A into B将A变成B 2011translate [træns'leit] v.翻译, 解释, 转移, 调动;转变为17.揭⽰示expose[ikˈspəuz]vt.暴露,显露;(to)曝光;揭露,坦露reveal [riˈvi:l]vt.揭露,泄露;展现,显⽰示disclose [disˈkləuz]vt.揭露,泄露,透露。