复旦大学考博英语阅读题及其解析

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______ the consequences.A．answer forB．run intoC．abide byD．step into正确答案：A解析：answer for是“对……负责”；B．run into是“陷入，碰到”；C．abide by是“遵守”；D．step into是“进入，走进”。

2．The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A．in line withB．in terms ofC．in regard toD．in case of正确答案：B解析：本题意为“衡量一个国家的财富，既要根据一个国家生产的物质又要根据该国人民的健康和幸福”。

in terms of的意思是“根据，按照”；in line with 的意思是“跟……一致，符合”；in regard to的意思是“关于”；in case of的意思是“假使……，万一……”。

3．I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat ______ .A．disapprovalB．rejectionC．refusalD．decline正确答案：C解析：本题意为“我竭力劝他加入我们的团体，但遭到断然的拒绝”。

盛世清北-复旦大学考博英语真题及答案（06）盛世清北教研中心Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20%Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A.refers toB.definesC.describesD.devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation________the quality of interpersonal relationship.A.ascendspelsC.enhancesD.prefers24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of research_____ on the human brain.A.was…didB.has been…to be doneC.was…doingD.has been…done25.“I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not to eat ata restaurant.You’d better_______at home when you are not in the shape.”A.to throw up…to eatB.throwing up…eatingC.to throw up…eatD.throwing up…eat26.Parents have to show due concerns to their children’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations.A.hold backB.hold toC.hold downD.hold over27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals________by their context,significance,and information content.A.not less than…asB.as…just asC.so much…asD.not so much…as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south.A.the windows of which openedB.the windows of it opened C7U O:`naC.its windows openedD.the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A.put him upB.put him outC.put him onD.put him in cd30.Bystanders,_______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances.A.bloody and covered with dust,looking dazedB.bloodied and covered with dust,looked dazedC.bloody and covered with dust,looked dazedD.bloodied and covered with dust,looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks,the Government insisted yesterday,as the US________closed for an apparent security review.A.ConsulationB.ConstitutionC.ConsulateD.Consular32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game______the legendary O’Neal,who______the“Great Wall”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers._A.in head of,ran onB.in head of,ran intoC.ahead of,ran ontoD.ahead of,ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in_________computers.A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house.“I actually think there’s something about the______of paper that feels more comforting.”She said.A.tangibilityB.tanglednessC.tangentD.tantalization35.“They said what we always knew,”said an administration source,___________.A.he asked not to be namedB.who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be namedD.who asked not named36.In Germany,the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A.muscledB.movedC.mushedD.muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness,and has left the country _______.A.energizedB.EnervatedC.NervedD.enacted38.The more people hear his demented rants,the more they see that he is a terrorist_______.A.who is pure and simpleB.being pure and simpleC.pure and simpleD.as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible________in the character of the population.A.determinationB.deteriorationC.desolationD.desperation U[~~CVV40._______a declining birth rate,there will be an over-supply of27,000primary school places by2010,_______leaving35schools idle.A.Coupled with,equals toB.Coupling with,equivalent toC.Coupled with,equivalent toD.Coupling with,equals toPart Three:Reading Comprehension10%Passage One The HeroMy mother’s parents came from Hungary,but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany.Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages,he was most comfortable in German.Every morning,before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper,which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children.He still had relatives living in Europe.When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle,his only son had to go,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.In the early days of the war,my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper,instead.He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper,but only an American newspaper,printed in German.But my grandmother insisted,for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German.So,he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day,the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army.My grandparents were very upset,but my mother,his little sister,was excited.Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war.She was ten years old at the time,and my uncle,realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends,went out and bought them all service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little girls were delighted.When the day came for him to leave,his whole regiment, in their uniforms,left together from the same train station.There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off.Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag,cheering the boys,as they left.The moment came and the soldiers,all very young,none of whom had had any training,but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms,boarded the train.The band played and the crowd cheered.The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers,but it soon began to move.Still cheering and waving their flags,the band still playing,the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt.The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering.Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station.It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out.Someone shouted,“It’s the armistice.The war is over.”For a moment,nobody moved,but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.The men lined up and formed into two lines.They walked down the steps and,with the band playing behind,paraded down the street,as returning heroes,to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd.The next day my uncle returned to his job,and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41.Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?A.In Germany.B.In Hungary.C.In the United StatesD.In New York.42.His grandfather____________.A.could not speak and read English well enoughB.knew nine languages equally wellC.knew a number of languages,but felt more kin to GermanD.loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because________.A.it was war time and Germans were their enemyB.the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD.nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time44.The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A.like everybody else at the war time,she was very patrioticB.she hated the war and the Germans very muchC.all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like themD.she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage Two Waking Up from the American Dream ssdsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“Wal-Martization”of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels.For years,many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs,such as hiring temps(temporary workers)and part-timers, fighting unions,dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices,they’re costly in other ways.More than a quarter of the labor force,about34million workers, is trapped in low-wage,often dead-end jobs.Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities,too,as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value:giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes.Historically,most Americans, even low-skilled ones,were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs,then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve.But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in1970s.Upward mobility diminished even more in the1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’inadequacy for years,but fixing them is a long,arduous struggle.Similarly,there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45.The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.-A.there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB.Americans can always move up the pay ladderC.American young people can have access to college,even they are poorD.the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy,according to this passage,is to___________.A.hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB.outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC.hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD.dismantle the career ladder and stop people’s mobility upward47.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B.Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C.More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D.Although people know how to restore American mobility,it’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city.They are looking for what most older people want:a home with no stairs and low crime rates.And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings,young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants.Spying an opportunity,major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees.These seniors are already changing the face of big cities.One developer,Fran McCarthy asks:“Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream.While some cities,especially those with few cultural offerings,have seen an exodus of seniors,urban planners say others have become retirees magnets.Between1999and2000,the population of64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose17percent.Austin,New Orleans,and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well.There may be hidden health benefits to city living.A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging---social isolation.In the next six years,downtowns are expected to grow even grayer.For affluent retirees,city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A.they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB.unlike the flats in the city,their country house have stairs to climbC.they are no longer interested in playing golfD.in the city,they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49.From the passage we can infer that_________.A.the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB.a life in the downtown city is expensive,and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC.with more older people living in the city,the city will become gray and less beautifulD.very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50.Fran McCarthy’s question means:nobody ever thought that__________.A.people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB.suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round tripC.suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD.senior people’s moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2) 15%(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury,especially among men,new research says.The researchers gathered data on more than2,400accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and24hours earlier,gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable,angry or hostile,and to what degree.Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“road rage,”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly,anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men,but there were no differences by race.The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports,which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known.“I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury,or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,”said the study’s lead author.Part Four:Cloze Test10%Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______than5,000people on the roads for the first time in decades.Credit goes largely(57)________the1,000automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s highways since2003,which experts reckon(58)_______3,000lives last year.Success,of course breeds success:the government plans to install500(59)______ radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days.Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities,subways and buses(60)_______the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe.But last year’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators,have helped spur a sea change.A month(62)_______the London attacks,half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail,Internet and phone data for“anti-terror”(63)______.In a British poll,73percent of respondents said they were(64)_______to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)________.Part Five:Proofreading10%Directions:In the following passage,there are altogether10mistakes,ONE in each numbered and underlined part.You may have to change a word,add a word,or just delete a word.If you change a word,cross it with a slash(/)and write the correct word beside it.If you add a word,write the missing word between the words(in brackets)immediately before andafter it.If you delete a word,cross it out with a slash(/).Put your answer on ANSWER SHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun2hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(66)begunbeganeg.2(67)Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters,scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications:a class ranking,once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69)thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information,concluding it could harm the chances of their very better,but not best,students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn,have found a tactical way to response.(71)Using broad data that high schools often provide,like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class,they essentially recreate an applicant’s class rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school,with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,”said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation,(75)many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do:give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six:Writing15%Directions:Write a short composition of about250to300words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET(2).Recently,a newspaper carried an article entitled:“We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”.The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference,and they should not be forced to do so.What do you think?56.fewer57.to58.saved59.more60.as61.played62.after63.purposes64.ready/willing 65.security北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案Structure and written expression1point each)21-25a c c d d26-30a d a a b31-35c d b a b36-40a b c b cReading1point each)41-45c c b d a46-50c b d b aParaphrasing:(3points each)51.According to new research,getting angry adds to the chances of getting physically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people gen[size=5][/size]erally believe hat people easily get angry when driving on the road,but anger didn’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for people who intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women,but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1point each)56.Fewer57.To58.Saved59.More60.As61.Played62.After63.Purposes64.Ready65.SecurityProofreading:(1point each)66.Highly-high67.Pore-pore over68.Anything-something69.Better-good70.Response-respond71.For entire-for an entire72.Exasperating-exasperated bS73. With-without74.Strategy-the strategy75.And-butWriting:(15points)关于盛世清北盛世清北教育成立于2006年，由清华北大名师与归国人士共同创办。

[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语3Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：I'd ( ) his reputation with other farmers and business peoplein the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out参考答案：A答案解析：四选项的意思分别是：A.“把……考虑在内”；B．“说明……发生的原因”；C．“弥补，补偿”；D．“书写；拼凑；说明；理解；辨认出”。

第2题：He was ( ) when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent参考答案：C答案解析：本题意为“当他听到这个意外的消息时很怀疑，但是我最终还是说服了他(相信这个意外的消息)”。

据此推断前面应该填表示“怀疑的”单词。

incredulous的意思是“怀疑的，不轻信的”，如： incredulous about ghosts(不信鬼)。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some people find that certain foods（） their headaches.问题1选项A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

introduce “介绍”；trigger “引发，引起”；summon “召唤”；create “创造”。

句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The news that the company is being taken over by foreign investors has severely（）the stock markets.问题1选项A.vibratedB.swungC.trembledD.jolted 【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

vibrate“使震动，使摇摆”，指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等来回摆动；swing“使摇摆，使旋转”；tremble“发抖，颤动”；jolt“使震惊，使颠簸”。

句意：公司被国外投资者接管的消息深深震惊了股市。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题What he told me was a（） of downright lies.问题1选项A.loadB.mobC.packD.flock【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

load“负荷，重担，装载量”；mob“暴民，乌合之众”；pack“包裹，背包”；flock“（飞禽，牲畜等的）群”。

句意：他告诉我的都是一些明显的谎言。

a load of “大量，许多”，选项A符合题意。

4.单选题The president has said that there are no plans to（）taxes.问题1选项A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.soar【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

2023年复旦大学考博英语试题题目一阅读下面短文，并回答问题。

（文章内容略）问题：1. 根据短文，当代社会面临的最大挑战是什么？为什么？题目二将以下汉语句子翻译成英语。

1. 我们应该保护环境，减少污染。

2. 这个项目需要大量资金支持。

题目三选择正确的选项填空。

- A. working hard- B. to work hard- C. worked hard- D. work hard2. I have ______ seen such a beautiful sunset before. - A. never- B. ever- C. already- D. yet题目四写一封回信，回答以下问题。

假设你是一位大学生，你的国外朋友Tom来信向你了解中国传统文化。

请你用英语回信，向Tom介绍中国传统节日中的一个，并解释该节日的由来和庆祝方式。

题目五阅读以下文章，并回答问题。

（文章内容略）问题：1. 文章主要讲述了什么？题目六将以下英语句子翻译成汉语。

2. The book you lent me is really interesting.题目七选择正确的选项填空。

1. The concert was ______ amazing. I enjoyed every moment of it.- A. such- B. so- C. too- D. very2. ______ the weather is good, we can go for a picnic.- A. If- B. Although- C. Because- D. Since以上为2023年复旦大学考博英语试题，请同学们按部就班完成。

祝你们考试顺利！。

[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语1Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms ( )in the air.A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking参考答案：B答案解析：flail“用力地挥动或摆动”与题意相符。

override比其他一切更重要；overact 过度，过分，(把剧中角色等)演得过火；forsake舍弃，背弃，革除(旧风习等)，抛弃(坏习惯)。

第2题：They have been arrested as suspected drug( ).A.abortionB.vectorC.uraniumD.traffickers参考答案：D答案解析：drug trafficker毒品走私贩。

abortion流产，堕胎；vector[数]向量，矢量，带菌者；uranium铀。

第3题：She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completelyat odds with her public( ).A.personaB.tummyC.steppeD.rendezvous参考答案：A答案解析：public persona公众角色；tummy胃，腹痛；steppe特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原；rendezvous集合点。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_____.A．bruisesB．blundersC．handicapsD．drawbacks正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：很多纯金属因为太软，易生锈，或有其他的缺陷而无法使用。

各项的意思是：bruises“瘀伤，擦伤”；blunders“大错，失误”；handicaps “妨碍，使不利，阻碍”；drawbacks“缺点，障碍”。

2．Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was_____in tropic countries.A．prospectiveB．prevalentC．provocativeD．perpetual正确答案：B解析：空格意思是：一些研究证实，在热带国家这种眼疾很普遍。

各项的意思是：prospective“预期的”；prevalent“普遍的，流行”；provocative“煽动的，挑衅的”；perpetual“永久的，不断的”。

3．After several nuclear disasters, a_____has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A．quarrelB．suspicionC．verdictD．controversy正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：经过多次核灾难后，展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析(精)复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析In1939two brothers,Mac and Dick McDonald,started a drive-inrestaurant in San Bernadino,California.They carefully chose a busycorner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years,first a theater,then a barbecue(烤肉restaurant,and then anotherdrive-in.But in their new operation,they offered a new,shortenedmenu:French fries,hamburgers,and sodas.To this small selectionthey added one new concept:quick service,no waiters or waitresses,and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.Cheese was another fourcents.Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity,for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparationof their food,and they insisted on their cooks'sticking to theirroutine.Their new drive-in became incredibly popular,particularlyfor lunch.People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers hadallowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.They were contentwith this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Geng duo yuan xiaowan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guomian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in1954,whenhe was selling milk shake-mixing machines.He quickly saw the uniqueappeal of the brothers'fast-food restaurants and bought the rightto franchise(特许经营other copies of their restaurants.The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu.The equipment,even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门.Today McDonald's is really a household name.Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers.In 1976,McDonald's had over$1billion in total sales.Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1.This passage mainly talks about.Athe development of fast food servicesBhow McDonald's became a billion-dollar businessCthe business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldDRay Kroc's business talent2.Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except.Aa drive-inBa cinemaCa theaterDa barbecue restaurant3.We may infer from this passage that.AMac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocBThe location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inCForty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsDRay Kroc was a good businessman4.The passage suggests that.Acreativity is an important element of business successBRay Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersCMac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc DCalifornia is the best place to go into business5.As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph,the worduniquemeans. AspecialBfinancialCattractiveDpeculiarPassage11.C2.B3.D4.A5.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Flatfish,such as the flounder,are among the few vertebrates thatlack approximate bilateral symmetry(symmetry in which structures tothe left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images).Moststriking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish iseye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adultflatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.While in mostspecies with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi asymmetry,membersof the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed(both eyes onthe left side of head)or right-eyed.In the waters between the UnitedStates and Japan,the starry flounder populations vary from about50percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast,through about70percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan,tonearly100percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certaingeographic range a“cline”and interpret clines as strongindications that the variation is adaptive,a response toenvironmental differences.For the starry flounder thisinterpretation implies that a geometric difference(between fish thatare mirror images of one another)is adaptive,that left-eyedness inthe Japanese starry flounder has been selected for,which provokesa perplexing question:what is the selective advantage in having botheyes on one side rather than on the other?The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy,especially the optic nerves,for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross,so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa.This crossing introduces an asymmetry,as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other.G.H.Parker reasoned that if,for example,a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top,there would be a twisting of nerves,which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders,then,the left-eyed variety would be selected against,since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed,and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.As other explanations proved equally untenable,biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness,and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference,however striking,appears to be an evolutionary red herring.1.According to the text,starry flounder differ form most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder[A]are not basically bilaterally symmetric.[B]do not become asymmetric until adulthood.[C]do not all share the same asymmetry.[D]have both eyes on the same side of the head.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?[A]A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.[B]A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.[C]A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.[D]A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.3.The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?[A]Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?[B]Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?[C]Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?[D]How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?4.Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?[A]A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.[B]A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.[C]A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.[D]A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.5.Which of the following phrases from the text best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?[A]“Most striking”(line3,paragraph1)[B]“variation is adaptive”(line2,paragraph2)[C]“mechanically disadvantageous”(line7,paragraph3)[D]“evolutionary red herring”(line9,paragraph4)[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I don’t know what all the（）was about ― it was a dull sort of a film and there was almost no sex in it.问题1选项A.controversyB.conversationC.discussionD.illumination【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

controversy “争论，论战，辩论”；conversation “交谈，会话，社交”；discussion “讨论，议论”；illumination “阐明”。

根据空格后面的dull, no sex可以推断空格处是“没什么好争论的”。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题Some people find that certain foods（） their headaches.问题1选项A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

introduce “介绍”；trigger “引发，引起”；summon “召唤”；create “创造”。

句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won’t stand much blowi ng up, and it won’t stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people —clown with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone’s life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billing wittily called them, “tite” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably，in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.1.The central theme of this essay is:（）2.The main idea of Paragraph 2 is:（）3.Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?（）4.The word “melancholy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean s （）.5.In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image of （）.问题1选项A.There is little humor in old newsreel.B.Humor can be dissected like a frog.C.Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, they seem sadder than most people.D.Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.问题2选项A.The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever made.B.The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.C.Humor is fragile.ughter is not a measure of humor.问题3选项A.The fun in humor lies in examining its contents.B.Humor must tantalize the senses on impact — if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C.Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.D.A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.问题4选项A.joyB.sadnessC.hysteriaD.exhilaration问题5选项A.the oceanB.sparkling germsC.high tideD.flowing water【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:作者认为幽默是生活中的一部分。