复旦大学考博英语阅读题及其解析

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______ the consequences.A．answer forB．run intoC．abide byD．step into正确答案：A解析：answer for是“对……负责”；B．run into是“陷入，碰到”；C．abide by是“遵守”；D．step into是“进入，走进”。

2．The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A．in line withB．in terms ofC．in regard toD．in case of正确答案：B解析：本题意为“衡量一个国家的财富，既要根据一个国家生产的物质又要根据该国人民的健康和幸福”。

in terms of的意思是“根据，按照”；in line with 的意思是“跟……一致，符合”；in regard to的意思是“关于”；in case of的意思是“假使……，万一……”。

3．I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat ______ .A．disapprovalB．rejectionC．refusalD．decline正确答案：C解析：本题意为“我竭力劝他加入我们的团体，但遭到断然的拒绝”。

盛世清北-复旦大学考博英语真题及答案（06）盛世清北教研中心Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20%Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A.refers toB.definesC.describesD.devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation________the quality of interpersonal relationship.A.ascendspelsC.enhancesD.prefers24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of research_____ on the human brain.A.was…didB.has been…to be doneC.was…doingD.has been…done25.“I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not to eat ata restaurant.You’d better_______at home when you are not in the shape.”A.to throw up…to eatB.throwing up…eatingC.to throw up…eatD.throwing up…eat26.Parents have to show due concerns to their children’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations.A.hold backB.hold toC.hold downD.hold over27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals________by their context,significance,and information content.A.not less than…asB.as…just asC.so much…asD.not so much…as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south.A.the windows of which openedB.the windows of it opened C7U O:`naC.its windows openedD.the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A.put him upB.put him outC.put him onD.put him in cd30.Bystanders,_______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances.A.bloody and covered with dust,looking dazedB.bloodied and covered with dust,looked dazedC.bloody and covered with dust,looked dazedD.bloodied and covered with dust,looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks,the Government insisted yesterday,as the US________closed for an apparent security review.A.ConsulationB.ConstitutionC.ConsulateD.Consular32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game______the legendary O’Neal,who______the“Great Wall”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers._A.in head of,ran onB.in head of,ran intoC.ahead of,ran ontoD.ahead of,ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in_________computers.A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house.“I actually think there’s something about the______of paper that feels more comforting.”She said.A.tangibilityB.tanglednessC.tangentD.tantalization35.“They said what we always knew,”said an administration source,___________.A.he asked not to be namedB.who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be namedD.who asked not named36.In Germany,the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A.muscledB.movedC.mushedD.muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness,and has left the country _______.A.energizedB.EnervatedC.NervedD.enacted38.The more people hear his demented rants,the more they see that he is a terrorist_______.A.who is pure and simpleB.being pure and simpleC.pure and simpleD.as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible________in the character of the population.A.determinationB.deteriorationC.desolationD.desperation U[~~CVV40._______a declining birth rate,there will be an over-supply of27,000primary school places by2010,_______leaving35schools idle.A.Coupled with,equals toB.Coupling with,equivalent toC.Coupled with,equivalent toD.Coupling with,equals toPart Three:Reading Comprehension10%Passage One The HeroMy mother’s parents came from Hungary,but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany.Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages,he was most comfortable in German.Every morning,before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper,which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children.He still had relatives living in Europe.When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle,his only son had to go,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.In the early days of the war,my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper,instead.He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper,but only an American newspaper,printed in German.But my grandmother insisted,for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German.So,he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day,the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army.My grandparents were very upset,but my mother,his little sister,was excited.Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war.She was ten years old at the time,and my uncle,realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends,went out and bought them all service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little girls were delighted.When the day came for him to leave,his whole regiment, in their uniforms,left together from the same train station.There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off.Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag,cheering the boys,as they left.The moment came and the soldiers,all very young,none of whom had had any training,but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms,boarded the train.The band played and the crowd cheered.The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers,but it soon began to move.Still cheering and waving their flags,the band still playing,the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt.The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering.Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station.It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out.Someone shouted,“It’s the armistice.The war is over.”For a moment,nobody moved,but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.The men lined up and formed into two lines.They walked down the steps and,with the band playing behind,paraded down the street,as returning heroes,to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd.The next day my uncle returned to his job,and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41.Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?A.In Germany.B.In Hungary.C.In the United StatesD.In New York.42.His grandfather____________.A.could not speak and read English well enoughB.knew nine languages equally wellC.knew a number of languages,but felt more kin to GermanD.loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because________.A.it was war time and Germans were their enemyB.the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD.nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time44.The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A.like everybody else at the war time,she was very patrioticB.she hated the war and the Germans very muchC.all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like themD.she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage Two Waking Up from the American Dream ssdsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“Wal-Martization”of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels.For years,many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs,such as hiring temps(temporary workers)and part-timers, fighting unions,dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices,they’re costly in other ways.More than a quarter of the labor force,about34million workers, is trapped in low-wage,often dead-end jobs.Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities,too,as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value:giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes.Historically,most Americans, even low-skilled ones,were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs,then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve.But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in1970s.Upward mobility diminished even more in the1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’inadequacy for years,but fixing them is a long,arduous struggle.Similarly,there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45.The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.-A.there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB.Americans can always move up the pay ladderC.American young people can have access to college,even they are poorD.the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy,according to this passage,is to___________.A.hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB.outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC.hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD.dismantle the career ladder and stop people’s mobility upward47.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B.Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C.More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D.Although people know how to restore American mobility,it’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city.They are looking for what most older people want:a home with no stairs and low crime rates.And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings,young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants.Spying an opportunity,major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees.These seniors are already changing the face of big cities.One developer,Fran McCarthy asks:“Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream.While some cities,especially those with few cultural offerings,have seen an exodus of seniors,urban planners say others have become retirees magnets.Between1999and2000,the population of64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose17percent.Austin,New Orleans,and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well.There may be hidden health benefits to city living.A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging---social isolation.In the next six years,downtowns are expected to grow even grayer.For affluent retirees,city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A.they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB.unlike the flats in the city,their country house have stairs to climbC.they are no longer interested in playing golfD.in the city,they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49.From the passage we can infer that_________.A.the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB.a life in the downtown city is expensive,and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC.with more older people living in the city,the city will become gray and less beautifulD.very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50.Fran McCarthy’s question means:nobody ever thought that__________.A.people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB.suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round tripC.suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD.senior people’s moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2) 15%(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury,especially among men,new research says.The researchers gathered data on more than2,400accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and24hours earlier,gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable,angry or hostile,and to what degree.Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“road rage,”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly,anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men,but there were no differences by race.The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports,which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known.“I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury,or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,”said the study’s lead author.Part Four:Cloze Test10%Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______than5,000people on the roads for the first time in decades.Credit goes largely(57)________the1,000automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s highways since2003,which experts reckon(58)_______3,000lives last year.Success,of course breeds success:the government plans to install500(59)______ radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days.Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities,subways and buses(60)_______the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe.But last year’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators,have helped spur a sea change.A month(62)_______the London attacks,half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail,Internet and phone data for“anti-terror”(63)______.In a British poll,73percent of respondents said they were(64)_______to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)________.Part Five:Proofreading10%Directions:In the following passage,there are altogether10mistakes,ONE in each numbered and underlined part.You may have to change a word,add a word,or just delete a word.If you change a word,cross it with a slash(/)and write the correct word beside it.If you add a word,write the missing word between the words(in brackets)immediately before andafter it.If you delete a word,cross it out with a slash(/).Put your answer on ANSWER SHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun2hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(66)begunbeganeg.2(67)Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters,scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications:a class ranking,once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69)thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information,concluding it could harm the chances of their very better,but not best,students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn,have found a tactical way to response.(71)Using broad data that high schools often provide,like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class,they essentially recreate an applicant’s class rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school,with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,”said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation,(75)many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do:give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six:Writing15%Directions:Write a short composition of about250to300words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET(2).Recently,a newspaper carried an article entitled:“We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”.The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference,and they should not be forced to do so.What do you think?56.fewer57.to58.saved59.more60.as61.played62.after63.purposes64.ready/willing 65.security北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案Structure and written expression1point each)21-25a c c d d26-30a d a a b31-35c d b a b36-40a b c b cReading1point each)41-45c c b d a46-50c b d b aParaphrasing:(3points each)51.According to new research,getting angry adds to the chances of getting physically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people gen[size=5][/size]erally believe hat people easily get angry when driving on the road,but anger didn’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for people who intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women,but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1point each)56.Fewer57.To58.Saved59.More60.As61.Played62.After63.Purposes64.Ready65.SecurityProofreading:(1point each)66.Highly-high67.Pore-pore over68.Anything-something69.Better-good70.Response-respond71.For entire-for an entire72.Exasperating-exasperated bS73. With-without74.Strategy-the strategy75.And-butWriting:(15points)关于盛世清北盛世清北教育成立于2006年，由清华北大名师与归国人士共同创办。

[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语3Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：I'd ( ) his reputation with other farmers and business peoplein the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out参考答案：A答案解析：四选项的意思分别是：A.“把……考虑在内”；B．“说明……发生的原因”；C．“弥补，补偿”；D．“书写；拼凑；说明；理解；辨认出”。

第2题：He was ( ) when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent参考答案：C答案解析：本题意为“当他听到这个意外的消息时很怀疑，但是我最终还是说服了他(相信这个意外的消息)”。

据此推断前面应该填表示“怀疑的”单词。

incredulous的意思是“怀疑的，不轻信的”，如： incredulous about ghosts(不信鬼)。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some people find that certain foods（） their headaches.问题1选项A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

introduce “介绍”；trigger “引发，引起”；summon “召唤”；create “创造”。

句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The news that the company is being taken over by foreign investors has severely（）the stock markets.问题1选项A.vibratedB.swungC.trembledD.jolted 【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

vibrate“使震动，使摇摆”，指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等来回摆动；swing“使摇摆，使旋转”；tremble“发抖，颤动”；jolt“使震惊，使颠簸”。

句意：公司被国外投资者接管的消息深深震惊了股市。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题What he told me was a（） of downright lies.问题1选项A.loadB.mobC.packD.flock【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

load“负荷，重担，装载量”；mob“暴民，乌合之众”；pack“包裹，背包”；flock“（飞禽，牲畜等的）群”。

句意：他告诉我的都是一些明显的谎言。

a load of “大量，许多”，选项A符合题意。

4.单选题The president has said that there are no plans to（）taxes.问题1选项A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.soar【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

2023年复旦大学考博英语试题题目一阅读下面短文，并回答问题。

（文章内容略）问题：1. 根据短文，当代社会面临的最大挑战是什么？为什么？题目二将以下汉语句子翻译成英语。

1. 我们应该保护环境，减少污染。

2. 这个项目需要大量资金支持。

题目三选择正确的选项填空。

- A. working hard- B. to work hard- C. worked hard- D. work hard2. I have ______ seen such a beautiful sunset before. - A. never- B. ever- C. already- D. yet题目四写一封回信，回答以下问题。

假设你是一位大学生，你的国外朋友Tom来信向你了解中国传统文化。

请你用英语回信，向Tom介绍中国传统节日中的一个，并解释该节日的由来和庆祝方式。

题目五阅读以下文章，并回答问题。

（文章内容略）问题：1. 文章主要讲述了什么？题目六将以下英语句子翻译成汉语。

2. The book you lent me is really interesting.题目七选择正确的选项填空。

1. The concert was ______ amazing. I enjoyed every moment of it.- A. such- B. so- C. too- D. very2. ______ the weather is good, we can go for a picnic.- A. If- B. Although- C. Because- D. Since以上为2023年复旦大学考博英语试题，请同学们按部就班完成。

祝你们考试顺利！。

[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语1Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms ( )in the air.A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking参考答案：B答案解析：flail“用力地挥动或摆动”与题意相符。

override比其他一切更重要；overact 过度，过分，(把剧中角色等)演得过火；forsake舍弃，背弃，革除(旧风习等)，抛弃(坏习惯)。

第2题：They have been arrested as suspected drug( ).A.abortionB.vectorC.uraniumD.traffickers参考答案：D答案解析：drug trafficker毒品走私贩。

abortion流产，堕胎；vector[数]向量，矢量，带菌者；uranium铀。

第3题：She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completelyat odds with her public( ).A.personaB.tummyC.steppeD.rendezvous参考答案：A答案解析：public persona公众角色；tummy胃，腹痛；steppe特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原；rendezvous集合点。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_____.A．bruisesB．blundersC．handicapsD．drawbacks正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：很多纯金属因为太软，易生锈，或有其他的缺陷而无法使用。

各项的意思是：bruises“瘀伤，擦伤”；blunders“大错，失误”；handicaps “妨碍，使不利，阻碍”；drawbacks“缺点，障碍”。

2．Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was_____in tropic countries.A．prospectiveB．prevalentC．provocativeD．perpetual正确答案：B解析：空格意思是：一些研究证实，在热带国家这种眼疾很普遍。

各项的意思是：prospective“预期的”；prevalent“普遍的，流行”；provocative“煽动的，挑衅的”；perpetual“永久的，不断的”。

3．After several nuclear disasters, a_____has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A．quarrelB．suspicionC．verdictD．controversy正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：经过多次核灾难后，展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析(精)复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析In1939two brothers,Mac and Dick McDonald,started a drive-inrestaurant in San Bernadino,California.They carefully chose a busycorner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years,first a theater,then a barbecue(烤肉restaurant,and then anotherdrive-in.But in their new operation,they offered a new,shortenedmenu:French fries,hamburgers,and sodas.To this small selectionthey added one new concept:quick service,no waiters or waitresses,and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.Cheese was another fourcents.Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity,for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparationof their food,and they insisted on their cooks'sticking to theirroutine.Their new drive-in became incredibly popular,particularlyfor lunch.People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers hadallowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.They were contentwith this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Geng duo yuan xiaowan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guomian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in1954,whenhe was selling milk shake-mixing machines.He quickly saw the uniqueappeal of the brothers'fast-food restaurants and bought the rightto franchise(特许经营other copies of their restaurants.The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu.The equipment,even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门.Today McDonald's is really a household name.Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers.In 1976,McDonald's had over$1billion in total sales.Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1.This passage mainly talks about.Athe development of fast food servicesBhow McDonald's became a billion-dollar businessCthe business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldDRay Kroc's business talent2.Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except.Aa drive-inBa cinemaCa theaterDa barbecue restaurant3.We may infer from this passage that.AMac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocBThe location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inCForty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsDRay Kroc was a good businessman4.The passage suggests that.Acreativity is an important element of business successBRay Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersCMac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc DCalifornia is the best place to go into business5.As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph,the worduniquemeans. AspecialBfinancialCattractiveDpeculiarPassage11.C2.B3.D4.A5.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Flatfish,such as the flounder,are among the few vertebrates thatlack approximate bilateral symmetry(symmetry in which structures tothe left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images).Moststriking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish iseye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adultflatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.While in mostspecies with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi asymmetry,membersof the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed(both eyes onthe left side of head)or right-eyed.In the waters between the UnitedStates and Japan,the starry flounder populations vary from about50percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast,through about70percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan,tonearly100percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certaingeographic range a“cline”and interpret clines as strongindications that the variation is adaptive,a response toenvironmental differences.For the starry flounder thisinterpretation implies that a geometric difference(between fish thatare mirror images of one another)is adaptive,that left-eyedness inthe Japanese starry flounder has been selected for,which provokesa perplexing question:what is the selective advantage in having botheyes on one side rather than on the other?The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy,especially the optic nerves,for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross,so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa.This crossing introduces an asymmetry,as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other.G.H.Parker reasoned that if,for example,a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top,there would be a twisting of nerves,which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders,then,the left-eyed variety would be selected against,since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed,and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.As other explanations proved equally untenable,biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness,and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference,however striking,appears to be an evolutionary red herring.1.According to the text,starry flounder differ form most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder[A]are not basically bilaterally symmetric.[B]do not become asymmetric until adulthood.[C]do not all share the same asymmetry.[D]have both eyes on the same side of the head.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?[A]A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.[B]A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.[C]A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.[D]A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.3.The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?[A]Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?[B]Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?[C]Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?[D]How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?4.Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?[A]A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.[B]A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.[C]A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.[D]A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.5.Which of the following phrases from the text best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?[A]“Most striking”(line3,paragraph1)[B]“variation is adaptive”(line2,paragraph2)[C]“mechanically disadvantageous”(line7,paragraph3)[D]“evolutionary red herring”(line9,paragraph4)[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I don’t know what all the（）was about ― it was a dull sort of a film and there was almost no sex in it.问题1选项A.controversyB.conversationC.discussionD.illumination【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

controversy “争论，论战，辩论”；conversation “交谈，会话，社交”；discussion “讨论，议论”；illumination “阐明”。

根据空格后面的dull, no sex可以推断空格处是“没什么好争论的”。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题Some people find that certain foods（） their headaches.问题1选项A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

introduce “介绍”；trigger “引发，引起”；summon “召唤”；create “创造”。

句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won’t stand much blowi ng up, and it won’t stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people —clown with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone’s life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billing wittily called them, “tite” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably，in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.1.The central theme of this essay is:（）2.The main idea of Paragraph 2 is:（）3.Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?（）4.The word “melancholy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean s （）.5.In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image of （）.问题1选项A.There is little humor in old newsreel.B.Humor can be dissected like a frog.C.Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, they seem sadder than most people.D.Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.问题2选项A.The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever made.B.The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.C.Humor is fragile.ughter is not a measure of humor.问题3选项A.The fun in humor lies in examining its contents.B.Humor must tantalize the senses on impact — if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C.Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.D.A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.问题4选项A.joyB.sadnessC.hysteriaD.exhilaration问题5选项A.the oceanB.sparkling germsC.high tideD.flowing water【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:作者认为幽默是生活中的一部分。

复旦大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题及答案Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault(断层),whichconstantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid faultin Missouri?Between December of1811and February of1812,three majorearthquakes occurred,all centered around the town of New Madrid,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell atonce,and huge cracks opened in the ground,allowing smell ofsulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character,Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi developing suddenrapids and whirlpools.Several times it changed its course,and once,according to some observers,it actually appeared to runbackwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes,probably simply because few people lived in the area in1811;but theseverity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock wavesrang bells in church towers in Charleston,South Carolina,on thecoast.Buildings shook in New York City,and clocks wer stopped inWashington,D.C.Scientists now know that America's two major faultsare essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal boundarybetween two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches(倾斜)forward.The New Madrid fault,on the other hand,is a vertical fault;at some points,possibly hundreds of millions of years ago,rock was pushed up toward the surface,probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly,the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed,leaving huge cracks.Even now,the rock continues to settle downwards,and sudden sinking motions trigger(触发)earthquakes in the region.The fault itself,a large crack in this layer of rock,with dozens of other cracks that split off from it,extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since1811;these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming,but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.11.This passage is mainly about.A)the New Madrid fault in Missouri B)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faults D)current scientific knowledge about faults12.The New Madrid fault is.A)a horizontal faultB)a vertical faultC)a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD)responsible for forming the Mississippi River13.We may conclude from the passage that.A)it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB)the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC)California will become an island in futureD)A big earthquake will occur to California soon14.This passage implies that.A)horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.B)Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC)Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake15.As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph,the word essentially means.A)greatly C)basically B)extremely D)necessarilyPassage31.B2.B3.A4.C5.C本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The judge remained sober despite the lawyer’s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant’s innocence.A．sadB．sorryC．seriousD．surprised正确答案：C解析：本题中，sober的意思是“冷静的，镇定的”。

C项serious“严肃的，认真的”符合题意，如：This is a serious political story，not an entertainment．(这是一个严肃的政治故事，不是供消遣的。

)sad“伤心的”，sorry“抱歉的”，surprised “惊讶的”都不正确。

知识模块：词汇2．I want to talk about all these points in______order of importance.A．decliningB．descendingC．plungingD．falling正确答案：B解析：本题意为“我想以重要性递减的方式谈论这些要点”。

descending的意思是“递降的”，如：descending powers(降幂)。

declining的意思是“倾斜的，衰落的”；plunging的意思是“突进的，急降的”；falling的意思是“下降的，落下的”。

这四个词均有“下降”的意思，但只有descend指“递降”。

因此B项正确。

知识模块：词汇3．In today’s rapidly changing economy, opportunities ______ for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their career goals.A．aboundB．refrainC．transcendD．uphold正确答案：A解析：本题中，abound的意思是“多，富于”；refrain的意思是“避免，抑制”；transcend的意思是“超越，胜过”；uphold的意思是“支持，赞成”。

复旦大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through center.1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．plodded B．peeped C．plunged D．peaked2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed away B．passed off C．passed out D．passed by 3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．sagged B．sacked C．saddled D．scored4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．worked B．works C．to work D．work5．Jane was badly taken in when she paid $ 300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worth ______.A．that all much B．all that much C．much all that D．that much all6．A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A．contracted B．consulted C．contemplated D．congregated 7．UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A．flail B．clandestine C．temperate D．fake8．Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A．trace B．transcend C．tranquilize D．trail9．When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A．alert B．zealous C．meek D．gregarious10．Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A．pull off B．pull out C．pull through D．pull on11．Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A．so old a B．a too old C．too old a D．a so old12．The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．being taken13．We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A．grim B．glossy C．gorgeous D．gracious14．If law and order ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A．were B．are C．is D．was15．He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______.credibility on the regime.A．bestow B．embrace C．disperse D．undertake16．When import taxes on goods are high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A．bartered B．counterfeited C．manufactured D．smuggled 17．There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A．precarious B．feeble C．convenient D．liable18．The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A．on B．along C．at D．for19．On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A．treacherous B．enchanting C．rash D．furtive20．Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A．talk over B．talk into C．talk down D．talk round21．He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A．listen to B．compose C．face D．play22．Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffused ______ color.A．with B．in C．by D．of23．In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A．too much B．as much C．very much D．so much24．Yesterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A．fell off B．fell out C．fell away D．fell apart25．The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A．spurred B．menaced C．cautioned D．induced26．Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A．obnoxious B．straightforward C．considerate D．genial 27．She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors．A．relieved B．replaced C．retrieved D．resurrected28．Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A．see through B．see to C．see into D．see after29．I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A．get B．hold C．let D．have30．The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A．ransacked B．besieged C．mortgaged D．renovatedPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneNowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when he first tasted it, exclaimed, “What a pity this isn't a sin!”Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand．Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla sugar or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of flesh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increase fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to 1 cup of coarse rock salt. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Then triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or flesh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to about 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder than if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container. Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proportions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served. If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving. Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31．In the first paragraph, “took a turn at the crank” could be paraphrased ______.A．“helped to mix the ice cream”B．“ate some ice cream”C．“helped break up the ice with a hammer”D．“protected the ice cream from children”32．According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A．is now common and inexpensive at most storesB．is only possible with hand laborC．should be melted and then refrozenD．needs to be a sin33．When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A．syrup and cream B．syrup and iceC．salt and ice D．flesh fruit and ice34．In paragraph 4, “taper off” means ______.A．cut up B．stop C．speed up D．slow down35．This passage reflects an era when ______.A．people liked a little salt in their ice creamB．making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC．ice cream was not popularD．people did not knew now to make cheese with their creamPassage TwoFood and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end．Thus does the extended family keep on extending—further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under- than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor—mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now thesecond fattest nation in that group of 30 countries A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese. Juan Rivera，an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising. Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is a head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely than the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74%of men and 70％of women are either over weight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59％of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33 %. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable than in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6.5m diabetics out of a population of 100m, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly, Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexi co is in the grip of an “epidemic”.Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans, tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 liters of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible—preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic．Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured mostof the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these are also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money. But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparatively expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36．The phrase “on end” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A．until all been consumed B．uprightC．continuously D．until the last day37．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A．Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B．Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C．Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D．Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38．Judging by the context, the word “perennial” in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A．perpetual B．recurring C．transient D．perilous39．Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A．Cancer. B．Heart disease. C．Diabetes. D．Epidemic.40．It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight or obese in Mexico rose by ______.A．30% B．26% C．35% D．55%Passage ThreeWhen you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category：when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and thenthey'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course—or dam little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty), “You seem so kind a grown up somehow”, and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, really he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed—and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up …When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aer o plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop” there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up—I mean when they're grown up—I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to tend at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you've ever thought or done or worn. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial then girls, since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad,still, likeeating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one’s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41．What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A．have so many unselfish ambitions B．have such long-term ambitionsC．don't all want to be spacemen D．all long for adult pleasures42．The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A．satisfy ambition B．lessen ambitionC．stimulate ambition D．frustrate ambition43．What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A．Their wanting to grow up. B．Their not wanting to grow up.C．Their wanting to improve adults. D．Their not wanting to improve adults.44．The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A．achieve one's ambitions at all costsB．continue to be ambitiousC．find a compromise between ambition and realityD．give up all one's earlier ambitions45．When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A．there will be compensations B．she will be delightedC．she will be desolated D．there will be nothing to doPassage FourFor years, pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with high bloodpressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well,” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it's worrisome.”Who's most at risk? Boys more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately, the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control—through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment—allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could he the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood pressure checks for every child over age 3．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the US who are overweight has doubled, from 5 % to 11%, or 4.7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking your kids—the earlier the better—on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes) or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure；these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their Play Station. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat right and exercise if you set a good example.46．This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A．parents B．boys C．gifts D．pediatrician47．The word “unclog” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.A．fix B．clear C．hinder D．dismantle48．By saying “It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery”, the writer implies ______.A．hypertension is hard to detectB．children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC．you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD．in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49．Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A．Drug treatments. B．Weight loss.C．Exercise. D．Overwork.50．We can conclude from the passage that ______.A．children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB．parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC．besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD．vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePart ⅢCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised above sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed 51 the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks 52 even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and 53 of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing materialfrom one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in 54 course protected by soil, itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly 55 surely, different types of soil with differing “profiles” evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is hold together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, 56 long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The 57 is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical downpours beating on the leaves of the giant trees reach the ground only 58 spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms—earthworms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting 59 leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking 60 ; soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣTranslation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of a cute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibility for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, everyday, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section B(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。

复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Bush’s first major political setback was the downfall of his original choice for secretary of defense-John G. Tower,who was discredited for improper behavior in both professional and private affairs.A．assaultB．humiliationC．strategyD．frustration正确答案：D解析：这句话的意思是：布什第一次重大的政治——是他当初选择的国防秘书John G，Tower的垮台。

John G．Tower在公共事务和私人问题上的不当行为使他失去信任。

根据句意，划线部分的词意大概是“失误，失败”。

在给出的选项中，assault”攻击，突袭”；humiliation”羞耻，歧视”；strategy”战略，策略”；frustration“挫折，失败”。

只有D选项符合题意，可以替换划线部分词语。

因此正确答案为D。

2．When asked if there were any circumstances under which they would declare war,he dismissed such questions as purely hypothetical.A．imaginaryB．pessimisticC．inevitableD．ironical正确答案：A解析：这句话的意思是：当被问及是否会发动战争，他不考虑这样的问题：认为那是纯粹的——。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some people find that certain foods（） their headaches.问题1选项A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

introduce “介绍”；trigger “引发，引起”；summon “召唤”；create “创造”。

句意：有些人发现某些食物会引发头痛。

选项B符合题意。

2.写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on ANSWER SHEET II.“My Views about Ambition Makes a Man”【答案】略3.单选题Snow began to fall at about the beginning of the New Year and continued on and off for（）ten days.问题1选项A.appropriatelyB.exceedinglyC.approximatelyD.apprehensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。

appropriately “适当地，合适地”；exceedingly “极其，非常”；approximately“大约，近似地”；apprehensively “担心地”。

句意：在新年即将开始的时候，雪开始下，一直持续了大约十天。

选项C符合题意。

4.单选题We hadn’t met for nearly 20 years, but I recognized him _____ I saw him in the street.问题1选项A.the minute thatB.the minute whenC.at a time whenD.at a time that【答案】A【解析】考查 the minute that 句型。

复旦大学2007 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecorresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.1.Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not to a closeexamination.A．keep up B．put up C．stand up D．look up2．When I bent down to tie my shoelace, the seat of my trousers .A．split B．cracked C．broke D．holed3.His thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.A．inanimate B．rustic C．malleable D．shrunken4.To get my travellers' cheques I had to a special cheque to the bank for the totalamount.A．make for B．make out C．make up D．make off5．She described the distribution of food and medical supplies a s a nightmare.A．paranoid B．putative C．benign D．logistical6．A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with a n inevitable ending.A．mawkish B．fateful C．beloved D．perfunctory7．Despite efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36 points.A．absurd B．grimy C．valiant D．fraudulent8.In I wish I had thought about alternative courses of action.A．retrospect B．disparity C．succession D．dissipation9．Psychoanalysts tend to regard both and masochism as arising from childhood deprivation.A．attachment B．distinction C．ingenuity D．sadism10．Fear showed in the eyes of the young man, while the old man looked t ired and .A．watery B．wandering C．weary D．wearing11.The clash between Real Madrid and Arsenal i s being as the match of the season.A．harbinger B．allured C．congested D．lodged12．What he told me was a of downright lies.A．load B．mob C．pack D．flock13．We regret to inform you that the materials you o rdered are .A．out of work B．out of stock C．out of reach D．out of practice14.I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.A．Even if B．Had C．As long as D．If15.They managed to the sound on TV every time the alleged victim's name was spoken.A．deaden B．deprive C．punctuate D．rebuff16．He had been to appear in court on charges of incitement o f lawbreaking.A．illuminated B．summoned C．prevailed D．trailed17．The computer doesn't human thought; it reaches the same ends by different means.A．flunk B．renew C．succumb D．mimic18．How about a glass of orange juice to your thirst？A．quench B．quell C．quash D．quieten19．The rain looked as if it had for the night.A．set off B．set up C．set out D．set in20.My aunt lost her cat last summer, but it a week later at a home in the next village.A．turned up B．turned in C．turned on D．turned out21．As is known to all, a vague law is always to different interpretations.A．invulnerable B．immune C．resistant D．susceptible22．The manager facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A．beguiled B．besmirched C．juxtaposed D．juggled23.To our great delight, yesterday we received a（n）donation from a benefactor.A．handsome B．awesome C．miserly D．prodigal24．Students who get very high marks will be from the final examination.A．expelled B．banished C．absolved D．ousted25．It me that the man was not telling the truth.A．effects B．pokes C．hits D．stirs26．John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained .A．manifest B．obnoxious C．inscrutable D．obscene27．My neighbor tended to react in a heat and way.A．impetuous B．impertinent C．imperative D．imperceptible 28．This morning when she was walking in the street, a black car beside her.A．drew out B．drew off C．drew down D．drew up29．She decided to keep reticent about the unpleasant past and it to memory.A．attribute B．allude C．commit D．credit30.It did not take long for the central bank to their fears.A．soothe B．snub C．smear D．sanctifyPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰwith a single line through the center.Passage OneJean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly”' aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek and many other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastwardto the sea at Townsville．Here she was in Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide，dusty main street to a café for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday．She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge main street for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield,with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Women's Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the café for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a folding chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight o'cock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.31.When Jean had to leave Alice S prings, she .A.wished she could have stayed lodgerB．regretted she had decided to flyC．wasn't looking forward to flying all dayD．wished it had not been a Monday morning32.How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station？A.She learnt about them at first h and.B.She learnt about them from friends.C.She visited them weekly.D.She stayed on one for a week.33.Jean's main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was .A．the width of the main street B．the poor service at the hotelC．the poor-looking buildings D．the smell of cows34．For her evening meal on the second day J ean had .A．only an ice-cream B．a lot of cooked foodC．some cold beer D．a cooling, but non-alcoholic drink35．Jean left Cloncurry .A．early on Wednesday morning B．late on Tuesday eveningC．after breakfast on Tuesday D．before breakfast on TuesdayPassage TwoIt was unfortunate that, after so trouble-free an arrival, he should stumble in the dark as he was rising and severely twist his ankle on a piece of rock. After the first shock the pain became bearable, and he gathered up his parachute before limping into the trees to hide it as best he could. The hardness of the ground and the deep darkness made it almost impossible to do this efficiently. The pine needles lay several inches deep so he simply piled them on top of the parachute, cutting the short twigs that he could feel around his legs, and spreading them on top of the needles. He had great doubts about whether it would stay buried, but there was very little else that he could do about it.After limping for some distance in an indirect course away from his parachute he began to make his way downhill through the trees. He had to find out where he was, and then decide what to do next. But walking downhill on a rapidly swelling ankle soon proved to be almost beyond his powers. He moved more and more slowly，walking in long sideways movements across the slope, which meant taking more steps but less painful ones. By the time he cleared the trees and reached the valley, day was breaking. Mist hung in soft sheets across the field. Small cottages and farm buildings grouped like sleeping cattle around a village church, whose pointed tower, pointed high into the cold winter air to welcome the morning.“I can't go no further，” John Harding thought. “Someon e is bound to find me, but what can't I do？I must get a rest before I go on. Ther'll look for me first up there on the mountain where the plane crashed. I bet they're out looking for it already and they're bound to find the parachute in the end. I can't believe they won't. So they'll know I'm not dead and must be somewhere. They'll think I'm hiding up there in the trees and rocks so they'll look for me, so I'll go down to the village. With luck by the evening my foot will be good enough to get me to the border.”Far above him on the mountainside he could hear the faint echo of voices, startling him after great silence. Looking up he saw lights like little pinpoints moving across the face of the mountain in the grey light. But the road was deserted, and he struggled along, still almost invisible in the first light, easing his aching foot whenever he could, avoiding stones and rough places, and limping quietly and painfully towards the village. He reached the church at last. A great need for peace almost drew him inside, but he knew that would not do. Instead, he limped along its wails towards a very old building standing a short distance from the church doors. It seemed to have been there for ever, as if it had grown out of the hillside. It had the same air of timelessness as the church. John Harding pushed open the heavy wooden door and slipped inside.36.It is known from the passage that John Harding was .A.an escaped prisonerB．a criminal on the run from the policeC．an airman who had landed in an enemy country areaD．a spy who had been hiding in the forest37.John Harding found it hard to hide his parachute because .A．he got his ankle twisted severelyB.the trees did not give very good coverC.the earth was not soft and there was little lightD.the pine needles lay too thick on the ground38.In spite of his bad ankle John Harding was a ble to .A．carry on walking fairly rapidlyB.walk in a direction that was less steepC.bear the pain without changing directionD.find out where he had landed39.When John Harding got out of the forest he saw that .A．it was beginning to get much lighterB.washing was hanging on the lines in the villageC.the fields were full of sleeping cowsD.some trees had been cleared near the village40.John Harding decided to go down to the village .A.to find a doctor to see to his ankle B．to be near the frontierC．to avoid the search party D．to find shelter in a buildingPassage ThreeA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers have an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caug ht.” Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users, something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ）It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To ju stify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of 1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for San Diego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey，whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcoholonline. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41.Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B.The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C.The influence of wide coverage of news media.D.The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42.According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B.The numbers in this report were falsified.C.The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D.The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate” in paragraph 8？A.Conduct. B．Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44.By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that .A.it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB.the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC.this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD.teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B.The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C.Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole American teenage population.D.The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.Passage FourI had visited the capital before although my friend Arthur had not, I first visited London as astudent, reluctantly released from the bosom of a tearful mum, with a traveling trunk stuffed full of home-made fruit cakes and woolly vests. I was ill-prepared for the Spartan standards of the South. Through even the grimmest post-war days, as kids we had ploughed our way through corner cuts of beef and steamed puddings. So you can imagine my dismay when I arrived, that first day, at my London digs to be faced with a plate of tuna-paste sandwiches and a thin slice of cake left curling under a tea-towel. And that was supposed to be Sunday l unch!When I eventually caught up with my extremely irritating landlady, I met with a vision of splendor more in keeping with the Royal Enclosure at the races than the area in which she lived. Festooned with jewels and furs and plastered with exclusive cosmetics, she was a walking advert for Bond Street.Now, we have a none too elegant but very apt phrase for this in the North of England, and it was the one my friend Arthur to describe London after three days there: “All fur coat and nothing underneath.”Take our hotel. The reception area was plush and inviting, the lounge and diningroom poor enough to start Arthur speaking “properly”. But journey upstairs from one landing to the next, at the veneers of civilization fell away before your eyes. By the time we reached our room, all pretension to refinement and comfort had disappeared. The fur coat was off （back in the bands of the hire purchase company）, and what we were really expected to put up with for a small fortune a night was exposed in all its shameful nakedness. It was little more than a garret, a s habby affair with patched and peeling walls. There was a stained sink with pipes that grumbled and muttered all night long and an assortment of furnishings that would have disgraced Her Majesty's Prison Service. But the crowning glory was the view from the window. A peek behind the handsome facade of our fabled city, rank gardens choked with rubbish, all the debris of life piled against the back door. It was a good job the window didn't open, because from it all arose the unmistakable odor of the abyss.Arthur, whose mum still polishes her back step and disinfects her dustbin once a week, slumped on to the bed in a sudden fit of depression. “Neve r mind，” I said, drawing the curtains. “You can watch telly.” This was one of the hotel's luxuries, which in the newspaper ad had persuaded us we were going to spend the week in style. It turned out to be a yellowing plastic thing with a picture which rolled over and over like a floundering fish until you took your fist to it.But Arthur wasn't going to be consoled by any cheap technological gimmicks.He was sure his dad had forgotten to feed his pigeons and that his dogs were pining away for him. He grew horribly homesick. After a terrible night spent tossing and turning to a ceaselesscacophony of pipes and fire doors, traffic, drunks and low-flying aircraft, Arthur surfaced next daylike a claustrophobic mole. London had got squarely on top of him. Seven million people had saton him all night, breathed his air, generally fouled his living space, and come between him andthat daily quota of privacy and peace which prevents us all from degenerating into mad axemen orreservoir poisoners.Arthur had to be got out of London for a while.46．When the writer first came to t he capital .A.he had been very reluctant to leave his motherB.his mother had not wanted him to leave homeC.he had made no preparations for his journey southD.he had sent his possessions on ahead in a trunk47.The writer was surprised at what he received for Sunday lunch because .A.food had always been plentiful at homeB.he had been used to grimmer times at homeC.things had been difficult after the war up NorthD.beef had always been available from the butcher on the corner at home48.The landlady seemed to epitomize a phrase used in the North of England to indicate thatthings were .A.tender underneath the surface B．vulnerable to the outside worldC．more profound than they seemed D．beautiful but only superficially49．The room which the writer and his friend were t o share .A.was more suited to housing prisoners than hotel guestsB.had a magnificent view from one of its windowsC.had a door which provided access to a rubbish tipD.was situated above some foul-smelling gardens50.The writer feels that in order to remain sane, one needs a certain amount of .A．physical exercise B．fresh airC．daily nourishment D．breathing space注意：以下各题的答案必须写在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and， hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?2.The author uses “labor market problems” in Line 1 to refer to which of the following?3.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?4.The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by（）.5.According to the passage，one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-predict the amount of economic hardship is the （）.问题1选项A.What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering.B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C.Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures.D.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and问题2选项A.The overall causes of poverty.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income.问题3选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题4选项A.the employed poorB.dependent children in single-earner familiesC.workers who become disabledD.retired workers问题5选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB.possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workerC.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poorD.establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章开头一句话How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems?引出话题。