Such用法总结(2010-08-02 11:08:30)
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such可以分为三种不同的词性。一、形容词的用法1.such做形容词，是
最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。 She's got such talent. 她很有天赋。 We're having such a wonderful time.
我们过得很愉快。 I've had such a shock.我大吃一惊。 Why are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？2.注意上面的第二
个例子，"such a wonderful time"。通常情况下，如果such与名词之间
还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说"so wonderful a time"或者"a time so wonderful"。3.当句子末尾加上
that引导从句，形成such...that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引
起了某种结果。 He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me. 他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。 It was such a boring speech (that) I
fell asleep. 这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。二、限定词的用
法4.所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对
应限定和前对应限定两种。5.前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的
某一种类。 He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几
千元，他想。 This isn't the only story of crulty to children. Many such cases are reported every day. 这并非虐待儿童的唯
一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。6.后对应限定的such，指的
是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such ... as/that ...的结构。
Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。 The knot was fastened in such
a way that it was impossible to undo.
这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。 Such advice as he was
given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无
价值。 He's not such a fool as he looks. 他并非看上去那样蠢。注意，规范的用法是，这时应避免使用such...that，而只使用such...as，方便与前面的第3点相区分。三、代词的用法7.such做代词
的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。8.前指代的意思是，指代前面提
到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。
Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian.
板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。 She's a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues.
她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。9.后指代的意思是，
指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。 Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.
这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。 The pain in her
foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚上的痛，还没有
到妨碍走路的地步。 The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair. 损害很严重，要用很多钱才能修好。四、词
组 such as 和 as such10.such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思
是“比如、就像”，同like类似。 Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
像兰花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。 Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.
类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。11.词组as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上
去那样”。 If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.
既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。 The new job is
not promotion as such but it has good prospects.
新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。五、莎士比亚著作中的such
例句12.such是一个很老的词，莎士比亚就经常用。下面是一些从他著作
中选出的例句。 Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow, Romeo and Juliet: II, ii良宵，良宵！此时分别真是
甜蜜又悲伤。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》第二幕，第二场 We are such
stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded
with a sleep. The Tempest: IV, iv构成我们的料子也就是那梦
幻的料子，我们短暂的一生，前后都环绕在酣睡之中。《暴风雨》第
四幕，第四场 Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we: For
such as we are made of, such we be. The Twelfth Night唉，
原因在于我们的弱点，而非我们：因为我们由什么材料制成，就会成为
什么样子。《第十二夜》 I had rather be a dog, and bay the
moon, than such a Roman. Julius Caesar: IV, iii我宁愿做一
只向月亮狂吠的狗，也不愿做这样一个罗马人。《尤利乌斯·恺撒》
第四幕，第三场 Teach not thy lip such scorn, for it was made For kissing, lady, not for such contempt. KING RICHARD III: I, ii何必如此出言讥讽，夫人，天生你可亲吻的香唇，不是给你做侮蔑
之用的。《理查三世》第一幕，第三场 We were, fair queen, Two lads that thought there was no more behind. But such a day to-morrow as to-day. And to be boy eternal. The Winter's Tale: I, ii我们那时是两个不知道有将来的孩子，以为明天就跟今天一样，永远是个孩子。《明天的故事》第一幕，第二场
by的用法小结： 1、介词prep. 在…旁；靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来！ · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、介词prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁，没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词prep. 用；靠；通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们举行了几次英语晚会？ 5、介词prep. 通过；沿着 through; along; over
· We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。· to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词prep. （表示作者）被；由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词prep. （指交通等）乘；用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词prep. 在…情况下；在…时间during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行？ 9、介词prep. （表示部分）在…部位word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词adv. 在旁边
初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。
一、并列连词and所连接的分句在语义上的含义 1.表示在动作或事物的前后，一般译为“然后、随即”。 She came in and sat down. 她走了进来，随后就坐了下来。 I pulled the trigger and the gun went off. 我扣动扳机，枪随即响了。 2.表示递进关系，一般可译为“甚至、何况、还”等。 Friction is not always undesirable and can be very useful. 摩擦并不总是不好的，它甚至可能是有用的。 It was not easy to carry such a heavy load,and during the dog day. 提那样的重物已经是够困难的了，何况是在三伏天。 3.表示意义上的转折或让步，可译为“虽然、尽管、但、却”等。 He tried hard and (yet) he failed to get the job. 他努力尝试，却（仍然）没能得到那个工作。 You are not lazy,and still you are an idler. 你并不懒，但多少有点游手好闲。 4.表示对照、对比关系，可译为“而、却”。 She bought me cakes,and I helped her do her homework. 她买蛋糕给我吃，而我帮她做作业。 It can be difficult when you don’t think something is important and someone else does. 如果你并不认为某事重要而某人却认为重要，这时情况就可能不大好办。 5.表示对前面所述事项的结论或看法，and后可加分句或名词组，and一般不译出。 You gave him a piece of your mind,and a very good thing too. 你率直地批评他，这是件好事。 They disliked Joe——and that’s not surprising. 他们不喜欢乔，这并不让人惊讶。 6.表示因果关系，当前面的部分表示原因时，and=so that，译为“因此、从而、所以”；也有将表示原因的部分放在and后的，这时and=because，直接译为“因为”。 Sound is carried by air,and without air there can be no sound. 声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。 Aluminum is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and it is both light and tough. 铝用作制造飞机和宇宙飞船的工程材料，因为铝质轻且韧性好。 7.引起一个插入句，用于中断语气，以便表示意见、看法。这时，and引起的句子中的主语多为第一人称，and引起的句子与句子其余部分用逗号隔开。
so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。 1. so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。 so的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an） + n. such的词序为：such +a（an） +adj. + n. 它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。 so nice a coat =such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套 so interesting a book = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书 补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如： such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花 such clever children 如此聪明的孩子 但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。如： so many books 这么多书 so few people 这么少的人 so much money 那么多的钱 so little milk 那么少的牛奶 2. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为： so + adj. （adv.） +that… so + adj. +a（an）+单数n. +that… so +many（few）+复数n. +that… so +much（little）+不可数n. +that…如：
This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。 He spoke so fast that we couldn‘t understand him. 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。 It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。 There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。 “such…that…”句型结构为： such + a （an）+adj. +单数n. +that… such + adj. +复数n. +that… such +adj. +不可数n. +that… She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。 They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。 It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。 补给站：由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 3. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。如： He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但such没有这种用法）
by 的用法小： 1、介prep. 在?旁；靠近 ·Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我的老正坐在窗旁。 ·Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来！ ·We spent our holiday by the sea. 我在海度假。 2、介prep. ·He walked by me without speaking. 他走我的身旁，没有。 ·My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从楼旁走。 3、介prep. 用；靠；通 using (showing who or what did something) ·I know it by heart. 我把它在心。 ·They can read by touch. 他可以通手摸来。 ·By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小英。 4、介prep. 不于 not later than ·I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最五点我一定回来。 ·How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你行了几次英晚会？ 5、介prep. 通；沿着 through; along; over ·We came through the fields, not by the road. 我是穿田野而不是沿那条路来的。 ·to send a letter by post 通局寄信 6、介prep. （表示作者）被；由
u s e用法总结 -标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
use的用法简单归纳如下： 1. used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事"，它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意，其否定形式常用used not to或didn't use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didn't或used/usedn't。例如： I used to swim in this river when I was young.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。 They used to be good friends, didn't they他们过去是好朋友，是吗？ 2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事"，它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词；be used可用于多种时态；如强调动作可用get或become替换be。例如： Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。 I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。 3. be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事"，其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式，to是动词不定式符号。例如： Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。 4. be used for...意为"被当做……",其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式。例如： The seal's fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。 5. be of use意为"有用的"，其中use是名词，可用形容词来修饰。例如： The dictionary is of great use to the students.这本字典对学生们很有用。 6. be in use意为"在使用"，其中use也是名词。例如：
and的用法及含义 And是英语中一个普通的连词，然而and并非只作并列连词用，它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义，应根据上下文的特殊环境，作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。 1．and作并列连词，译为“和、并且”等，当连接三个以上的并列成分时，它放在最后一个成分之前，其余用逗号分开，例如： He bought a book and a pen．他买了一本书和一支笔。 Solid，liquid and gas are the three states of matter．固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。 2．名词+and+名词，若这种结构表示一个概念时，and+名词相当于介词with+名词，译为“附带、兼”的意思，例如： Noodle and egg is a kind of delicious food．（and egg=with egg）鸡蛋面是一种美味食物。 Whose is this watch and chain？（and chain＝with chain）这块带表链的手表是谁的？ 3．名词复数+and+同一名词的复数，强调连续或众多的含义。例如： There are photos and photos．照片一张接着一张。 They saw film hours and hours last week．上星期他们一小时接一小时地看电影。 4．形容词+and+形容词，这种结构形似并列，实际并非并列结构。例如： This roon is nice and warm（＝nicely warm）． The coffee is nice and hot（=thoroughly hot）． 5．用and连接动词的用法：and+动词作目的状语。动词go（come，stop等）＋and+动词，此时，and+动词相当于in order to+动词，例如： ①I'll go and bring back your boots，（go and bring back=go in order to bringback）我去把你的靴子拿来。 ②and+动词，起现在分词的作用，表示方式或伴随情况。例如： He sat and waited．（and waited=waiting）他坐着等。 ③and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”，例如：
s o 和s u c h 用法小结
so和such用法小结 一,so的常见用法 1. 当so作副词，修饰形容词或副词时，表示程度，意为"这么","那么".如： Don' t be so silly. 别那么傻? He ran so fast. 他跑得那么快. 2. 如果so后无形容词，则so不能与名词连用.如: r ve n ever see n so tall a child(二such a tall child). 我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩? 切不可以说"He is so a child." 但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用 如： Tom ate so much food a meal. 汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物. There' re so few people in the hall. 大厅里的人很少. 3.So…that意为"如此……以至于……",是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型 如:J ane' s leg was so painful that she couldn' t move at all. 简的腿那么疼，以至于根本动不了. 该句型还可以转换成"So + adj.+ a/an+名词"结构.如: Mike is so clever a boy that all like him. 麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他. so that意为"以便","为的是",引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作 谓语)如: They can help you to compare two differe nt products so that you can buy the
by用法的练习题 1. Come and sit _______ （我旁边）. 2. There is a big tree _______ （在河边）. 3. _______________ （到上星期日）I had finished the book . 4. Can you finish the work _____ （在五点之前）. 5. Her mother goes to work ____ bus every morning. A.by B.at C.take D.o n 6.She came home _________ （乘飞机）. 7.Did you make the desk ___________ （自己独自）？ 8.She made a meal for her parents __________ （独自）for the first time. 9. _______________ （顺便问一下）how many people are there in your family? 10. You should know her ______________ （逐渐地）. 11.Ice has been turned into water ___________ （受热）. 12. ________________ （不久以后）more and more people bega n to study En glish . 13. he Great Wall was built ____________ （用手）. 14. He makes a livi ng _________________ （通过教书）. 15. -How do you lear n En glish? -I learn English ________________________ （通过向老师请教的方式）. used to相关用法的练习题 一、翻译 1. 我妈妈习惯早起。 2. 王先生曾经是一位工人。 3. 他过去常常骑自行车上学。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空： 1. We used to _ （go ）swimming last year. 2.1 am used to ___ （run）every morning. 3. Bamboos are used to _（build） houses there. 4. They have bee n used to ___ （live ） in the coun tryside. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子： 1.1 ___________________ the food here.（我习惯于吃这儿的食物。）
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. . 教学过程 一、课堂导入 本堂知识是初中最常见的介词by的一个整理与总结，让学生对这个词的用法有一个系统的认识。页脚.
. . 二、复习预习 复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 页脚.
. . 三、知识讲解 知识点1： by + v.-ing结构是一个重点，该结构意思是“通过……，以……的方式”，后面常接v.-ing形式，表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”，即表示行为的方式或手段。 I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。 Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.先生靠开出租车为生。 页脚.
. . 页脚. 介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。 —How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢？ —I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。 —How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢？ —By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。 知识点2：by 是个常用介词，其他用法还有： 1【考查点】表示位置，意思是“在……旁边”，“靠近……”，有时可与beside互换。 The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。 此时要注意它与介词near有所不同，即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较： He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。
so和such用法及区别全解 such和so两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同；such 为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词；如： No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 而so是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如： Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointed. 但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。 一、后接可数名词的单数形式 1、直接跟名词时，用such；如： However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing. Why are you in such a hurry? ēQ|ほīｗwW．CＩHＵｉ．Ｂｉｚ∏θ∫ミ 注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such 本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如： I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.) 2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注
意冠词位置的不同，如： I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man. He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother. 二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：Such things often happen in our daily life. Such people are dangerous. Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other. He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper. 三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如： Did you ever see such weather? You can’t drink such hot milk. She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English. 四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，如： so many people / so many students / so few days so much time / so much money / so little time等。 注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两
插入语用法归纳 插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类: 1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly. This diet, I think, will do good to your health. It won't be raining long, I hope. You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed. 2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too. You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely. Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident. Honestly, I don't need it at the moment. 3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child. By the way, Bob sends his best wishes. On the other hand, I didn't know you were there. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. 4. 分词短语作插入语。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England. Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class. Compared with China, the USA is smaller. 5. 不定式短语作插入语。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark. To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her. To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures. To conclude, it was a great success. 在日常交际用语和书面表达中，插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语（Parenthesis）是插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，因此，有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。 插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。 插入语大致可分为以下10种类型： 1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语
Or和and的用法 一、连词or主要用法分述如下： 1、用在选择疑问句中连结被选择的对象，意为“或者，还是”。例如： Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是医生还是教师？ Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作业还是看电视了？Are they singing or reading English? 他们是在唱歌还是在读英语？ 下列两个疑问句中的并列成份由于使用了不同的连词，因而句式有所不同。试比较： A、Does he like milk and bread? 他喜欢牛奶或者面包吗？ B、Does he like milk or bread? 他喜欢牛奶还是面包？ 分析：A 句中使用了连词and,是一般疑问句，对其作肯定或否定回答应用：Yes,he does.No,he doesn`t.B句中使用了并列连词or,因而是选择疑问句，对其回答不用“yes”或“no”，而应根据实际情况直接选择回答：He likes milk.或：He likes bread. 2、用于否定句中连结并列成分，表示“和，与”之意。例如： There isn`t any air or water on the moon.月球上既没有空气也没有水。 The baby is too young. He can`t speak or walk.那婴儿太小，他不会说话，也不会走路。 He hasn`t got any brothers or sisters.他没有兄弟和姐妹。 肯定句中并列连词应用and，在把含有and的肯定句改为否定句时，莫忘把连词and改为or。例如： The students sang and danced in the park yesterday. →The students didn`t sing or dance in the park yesterday. 3、用于句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”。例如： Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力学习，否则会落后。 Get up early tomorrow,or you will miss the early train.你明天要早点起身，要不然就赶不上早班火车了。 Don`t jump the queue,or other peopoe will not be pleased.别插队，否则别人会不高兴的。 可以把这类句型中的祈使句换为一个条件句（注意改写时应去掉连词or）。例如：Hurry up,or you will be late for the meeting.→If you don`t hurry up,you will be late for the meeting. 4、用于“either…or…”结构中，意为“不是……就是……”，“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。（注意：连结并列成份作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。）例如： Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。（连接主语） The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小 He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作业，要么看电视。（ We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。 5、用于连结并列成份，表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如： This story happened five or six years ago. 这个故事发生在四、五年前。
so与such用法，练习 So与Such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。 1. so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。 so的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an）+ n. such的词序为：such +a（an）+adj. + n. 它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。 so nice a coat =such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套 so interesting a book = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书 注意：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如： such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花such clever children 如此聪明的孩子 但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little(少) 修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。如： so many books so few people so much money so little milk 2. “so…that…”句型结构为：如此…以至于” so + adj. （adv.）+that… so + adj. +a（an）+单数n. +that… so +many（few）+复数n. +that… so +much（little）+不可数n. +that…如： This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. There were so many people that we could hardly move on. “such…that…”如此…以至于 such + a （an）+adj. +单数n. +that… such + adj. +复数n. +that… such +adj. +不可数n. +that… She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 注：由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中： This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. -- This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. 3. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便于、为了”的意思。如： He worked hard so that he could pass the exams.（但such没有这种用法）
疑问代词用法总结归纳 以下是为大家整理的疑问代词的用法总结，希望能帮助大家更好地认识疑问代词，提高英语水平。 1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个： 指人：who, whom, whose 指物：what 既可指人又可指物：which 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较： 疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? 限定词：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比
河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 说明1： 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如： What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘? Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? 说明2： Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如： Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语，置句首) Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who 取代。) 说明3： 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：
一、and可以连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，表示并列或对称的关系，可翻译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。 1. 连接两个并列主语。如： Millie and Amy go to the park every week. Millie和Amy每周去公园。 2. 连接两个并列谓语。如： You must take care of yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾你自己并保持健康。 3. 连接两个简单句。如： They love playing football and we love playing football too.他们喜欢踢足球，我们也喜欢踢足球。 4. 如果连接两个或两个以上的词语，通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；为了强调，可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时，通常把较短的词语放在前面。如： I like eggs, meat, rice, noodles and dumplings.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面条和饺子。 All that afternoon we jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.整个下午我们又唱又跳，做各种各样的事情。 但是有些用and连接的词语，顺序是固定的，不能随意改变。如：Men, women and children男人、妇女和儿童，fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片。 二、表示动作的先后关系
And常用来连接两个动词或动词词组，后面一个动词所表示的动作比前面的动作发生得迟一点，可翻译为“然后”。如：Go along the street, and take the second turning on the right，you will find the cinema.沿着这条街走，然后在第二个路口向右拐，你就会发现电影院。 He got out of the lift and climbed the fifteenth floor on foot.他从电梯里走出来，然后步行爬上第十五层楼。 三、表示目的 在口语中，and常用在come，go，try等动词后连接另一个动词，表示目的，此时and相当于to，不需要翻译。如：Let us go and ask Miss Green.让我们去问格林小姐吧。Come and meet this family.来见见这家人吧。 四、表示因果关系 And连接两个动词或者两个分句，带有因果关系，此时and 相当于so，可以翻译为“便”、“于是”、“因而”、“结果”等。如：She could not find her mother and began to cry.她找不到妈妈，于是哭了起来。 It is a fine day today，and everyone is busy.今天是个好天气，因而人人都很忙。 五、表示条件和结果 在祈使句中，经常用and连接一个简单句，表示条件与结果的关系，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。它们在语法上是并