Reply to ``Comment on `Polynomial-Time Simulation of Pairing Models on a Quantum Computer''

2021年11月Journal on Communications November 2021 第42卷第11期通信学报V ol.42No.11基于矩阵填充问题的五轮零知识身份认证方案王后珍1,2，蔡鑫伟1，郭岩1，张焕国1（1. 武汉大学国家网络安全学院，湖北武汉 430072；2. 密码科学技术国家重点实验室，北京 100878）摘 要：针对现存绝大多数身份认证协议容易遭受量子计算攻击及实现效率低的缺陷，基于矩阵填充（MC）问题构造了一种安全高效的五轮零知识身份认证方案。

由于MC问题是NP完全的，所提方案具有很好的抗量子计算攻击潜力。

相较于目前已有类似方案，所提方案通过增加单轮交互将欺骗概率由2/3降至1/2，同时兼具容易实现、密钥尺寸小等优点。

此外，采用Fiat-Shamir密码转换技术还可将所提五轮零知识认证协议转换为高效的具有抗量子计算攻击潜力的数字签名方案。

关键词：抗量子计算密码；身份认证；零知识证明；矩阵填充问题中图分类号：TP3-0文献标识码：ADOI: 10.11959/j.issn.1000−436x.20212125-pass zero-knowledge identity authentication schemebased on matrix completion problemWANG Houzhen1,2, CAI Xinwei1, GUO Yan1, ZHANG Huanguo11. School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China2. State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing 100878, ChinaAbstract: To solve the problem that most identity authentication schemes are vulnerable to quantum-computing attacks and low efficiency, a new 5-pass zero-knowledge identity authentication scheme was designed based on the matrix com-pletion problem (MCP). Since the MCP is NP-complete, the proposed scheme has the potential to avoid quan-tum-computing attacks. Compared with the existing similar protocols, the proposed scheme reduced the fraud probability from 2/3 to 1/2 by adding a single round of interaction, and had the advantages of easy implementation and small key size.Moreover, based on the proposed zero-knowledge authentication scheme and Fiat-Shamir standard transformation me-thod, a secure and efficient digital signature algorithm against quantum-computing can be obtained.Keywords: post-quantum cryptography, identity authentication, zero-knowledge proof, matrix completion problem1 引言Goldwasser、Micali等[1]给出了零知识身份认证的定义，其含义是P试图使V相信其掌握某个知识，或证明论断的正确性，但在该过程中V或第三方无法获得任何与知识相关的内容。

1.[A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2.[A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3.[A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4.[A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5.[A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6.[A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7.[A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8.[A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9.[A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experienc e demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women .[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress[C] are more capable of avoiding stress[D] are exposed to more stress23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be .[A] domestic and temporary[B] irregular and violent[C] durable and frequent[D] trivial and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that .[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expense s[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove t he author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept thepaper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money fromgovernment–funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (orhis employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybridsof these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses .[A] the background information of journal editing[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers[D] the traditional process of journal publication27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that .[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to .[A] cover the cost of its publication[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it[C] allow other online journals to use it freely[D] complete the peer-review before submission30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easily by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches ta ller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at t his genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist WilliamCameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to .[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.[C] compare different generations of NBA players[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future .[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable35. The text intends to tell us that .[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern[B] human height is becoming even more predictable[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has alteredText 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significant, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, auth or of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravary of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to .[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that .[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his .[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each ofthe numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)_______________.Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) _______________. Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) _______________. Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on either side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) _______________. These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessa ry to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A&P as a Stateof Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) _______________.Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again—working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences andcorrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have already and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrible, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that d escribed Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A&P” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring t o his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectualpowers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his ownPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CDin your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2023年全国硕士硕士招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。

1000 A+B Problem 送分题1001 Exponentiation 高精度1003 Hangover 送分题1004 Financial Management 送分题1005 I Think I Need a Houseboat 几何1006 Biorhythms 送分题1007 DNA Sorting 送分题1008 Maya Calendar 日期处理1010 STAMPS 搜索＋DP1011 Sticks 搜索1012 Joseph 模拟/数学方法1014 Dividing 数论/DP?/组合数学->母函数?1015 Jury Compromise DP1016 Numbers That Count 送分题1017 Packets 贪心1018 Communication System 贪心1019 Number Sequence 送分题1020 Anniversary Cake 搜索1023 The Fun Number System 数论1025 Department 模拟1026 Cipher 组合数学1027 The Same Game 模拟1028 Web Navigation 送分题1031 Fence 计算几何1034 The dog task 计算几何1037 A decorative fence DP/组合数学1039 Pipe 几何1042 Gone Fishing 贪心/DP1045 Bode Plot 送分题(用物理知识)1046 Color Me Less 送分题1047 Round and Round We Go 高精度1048 Follow My Logic 模拟1049 Microprocessor Simulation 模拟1050 To the Max DP1053 Set Me 送分题1054 The Troublesome Frog 搜索1060 Modular multiplication of polynomials 高精度1061 青蛙的约会数论1062 昂贵的聘礼DP1064 Cable master DP/二分查找1065 Wooden Sticks DP1067 取石子游戏博弈论1068 Parencodings 送分题1069 The Bermuda Triangle 搜索1070 Deformed Wheel 几何1071 Illusive Chase 送分题1072 Puzzle Out 搜索1073 The Willy Memorial Program 模拟1074 Parallel Expectations DP1075 University Entrance Examination 模拟1080 Human Gene Functions DP->LCS变形1082 Calendar Game 博弈论1084 Square Destroyer 搜索？1085 Triangle War 博弈论1086 Unscrambling Images 模拟?1087 A Plug for UNIX 图论->最大流1088 滑雪DFS/DP1090 Chain ->格雷码和二进制码的转换1091 跳蚤数论1092 Farmland 几何1093 Formatting Text DP1094 Sorting It All Out 图论->拓扑排序1095 Trees Made to Order 组合数学1096 Space Station Shielding 送分题1097 Roads Scholar 图论1098 Robots 模拟1099 Square Ice 送分题1100 Dreisam Equations 搜索1101 The Game 搜索->BFS1102 LC-Display 送分题1103 Maze 模拟1104 Robbery 递推1106 Transmitters 几何1107 W's Cipher 送分题1110 Double Vision 搜索1111 Image Perimeters 搜索1112 Team Them Up! DP1113 Wall 计算几何->convex hull1119 Start Up the Startup 送分题1120 A New Growth Industry 模拟1122 FDNY to the Rescue! 图论->Dijkstra 1125 Stockbroker Grapevine 图论->Dijkstra 1128 Frame Stacking 搜索1129 Channel Allocation 搜索（图的最大独立集）1131 Octal Fractions 高精度1135 Domino Effect 图论->Dijkstra1137 The New Villa 搜索->BFS1141 Brackets Sequence DP1142 Smith Numbers 搜索1143 Number Game 博弈论1147 Binary codes 构造1148 Utopia Divided 构造1149 PIGS 图论->网络流1151 Atlantis 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的面积->离散化1152 An Easy Problem! 数论1157 LITTLE SHOP OF FLOWERS DP1158 TRAFFIC LIGHTS 图论->Dijkstra变形1159 Palindrome DP->LCS1160 Post Office DP1161 Walls 图论1162 Building with Blocks 搜索1163 The Triangle DP1170 Shopping Offers DP1177 Picture 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的周长->线段树1179 Polygon DP1180 Batch Scheduling DP1182 食物链数据结构->并查集1183 反正切函数的应用搜索1184 聪明的打字员搜索1185 炮兵阵地DP->数据压缩1187 陨石的秘密DP（BalkanOI99 Par的拓展）1189 钉子和小球递推?1190 生日蛋糕搜索/DP1191 棋盘分割DP1192 最优连通子集图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord 1193 内存分配模拟1194 HIDDEN CODES 搜索+DP1197 Depot 数据结构->Young T ableau1201 Intervals 贪心/图论->最长路->差分约束系统1202 Family 高精度1209 Calendar 日期处理1217 FOUR QUARTERS 递推1218 THE DRUNK JAILER 送分题1233 Street Crossing 搜索->BFS1245 Programmer, Rank Thyself 送分题1247 Magnificent Meatballs 送分题1248 Safecracker 搜索1250 T anning Salon 送分题1251 Jungle Roads 图论->最小生成树1271 Nice Milk 计算几何1273 Drainage Ditches 图论->最大流1274 The Perfect Stall 图论->二分图的最大匹配1275 Cashier Employment 图论->差分约束系统->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->Bellman-Ford1280 Game 递推1281 MANAGER 模拟1286 Necklace of Beads 组合数学->Polya定理1288 Sly Number 数论->解模线性方程组1293 Duty Free Shop DP1298 The Hardest Problem Ever 送分题1316 Self Numbers 递推同Humble Number一样1322 Chocolate 递推/组合数学1323 Game Prediction 贪心1324 Holedox Moving BFS+压缩储存1325 Machine Schedule 图论->二分图的最大匹配1326 Mileage Bank 送分题1327 Moving Object Recognition 模拟?1328 Radar Installation 贪心（差分约束系统的特例）1338 Ugly Numbers 递推(有O(n)算法)1364 King 图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord1370 Gossiping (数论->模线性方程有无解的判断)+(图论->DFS)2184 Cow Exhibition DP2190 ISBN 送分题2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers 数论2192 Zipper DP->LCS变形2193 Lenny's Lucky Lotto Lists DP2194 Stacking Cylinders 几何2195 Going Home 图论->二分图的最大权匹配2196 Specialized Four-Digit Numbers 送分题2197 Jill's Tour Paths 图论->2199 Rate of Return 高精度2200 A Card Trick 模拟2210 Metric Time 日期处理2239 Selecting Courses 图论->二分图的最大匹配2243 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS2247 Humble Numbers 递推(最优O(n)算法)2253 Frogger 图论->Dijkstra变形(和1295是一样的)2254 Globetrotter 几何2261 France '98 递推2275 Flipping Pancake 构造2284 That Nice Euler Circuit 计算几何2289 Jamie's Contact Groups 图论->网络流?2291 Rotten Ropes 送分题2292 Optimal Keypad DP2299 Ultra-QuickSort 排序->归并排序2304 Combination Lock 送分题2309 BST 送分题2311 Cutting Game 博弈论2312 Battle City 搜索->BFS2314 POJ language 模拟2315 Football Game 几何2346 Lucky tickets 组合数学2351 Time Zones 时间处理2379 ACM Rank T able 模拟+排序2381 Random Gap 数论2385 Apple Catching DP(像NOI98“免费馅饼”)2388 Who's in the Middle 送分题(排序)2390 Bank Interest 送分题2395 Out of Hay 图论->Dijkstra变形2400 Supervisor, Supervisee 图论->二分图的最大权匹配?2403 Hay Points 送分题2409 Let it Bead 组合数学->Polya定理2416 Return of the Jedi 图论->2417 Discrete Logging 数论2418 Hardwood Species 二分查找2419 Forests 枚举2421 Constructing Roads 图论->最小生成树2423 The Parallel Challenge Ballgame 几何2424 Flo's Restaurant 数据结构->堆2425 A Chess Game 博弈论2426 Remainder BFS2430 Lazy Cows DP->数据压缩1375 Intervals 几何1379 Run Away 计算几何->1380 Equipment Box 几何1383 Labyrinth 图论->树的最长路1394 Railroad 图论->Dijkstra1395 Cog-Wheels 数学->解正系数的线性方程组1408 Fishnet 几何1411 Calling Extraterrestrial Intelligence Again 送分题1430 Binary Stirling Numbers 日期处理1431 Calendar of Maya 模拟1432 Decoding Morse Sequences DP1434 Fill the Cisterns! 计算几何->离散化/1445 Random number 数据结构->碓1447 Ambiguous Dates 日期处理1450 Gridland 图论(本来TSP问题是NP难的，但这个图比较特殊，由现成的构造方法)1458 Common Subsequence DP->LCS1459 Power Network 图论->最大流1462 Random Walk 模拟+解线性方程组1463 Strategic game 贪心1466 Girls and Boys 图论->n/a1469 COURSES 贪心1475 Pushing Boxes DP1476 Always On the Run 搜索->BFS1480 Optimal Programs 搜索->BFS1481 The Die Is Cast 送分题1482 It's not a Bug, It's a Feature! 搜索->BFS1483 Going in Circles on Alpha Centauri 模拟1484 Blowing Fuses 送分题1485 Fast Food DP(似乎就是ioi2000的postoffice)1486 Sorting Slides 图论->拓扑排序1505 Copying Books DP+二分查找1510 Hares and Foxes 数论1512 Keeps Going and Going and ... 模拟1513 Scheduling Lectures DP1514 Metal Cutting 几何1515 Street Directions 图论->把一个无向连通图改造成为有向强连通图1517 u Calculate e 送分题1518 Problem Bee 几何1519 Digital Roots 送分题(位数可能很大)1520 Scramble Sort 排序1547 Clay Bully 送分题1555 Polynomial Showdown 送分题(非常阴险)1563 The Snail 送分题1601 Pizza Anyone? 搜索1604 Just the Facts 送分题1605 Horse Shoe Scoring 几何1606 Jugs 数论/搜索1631 Bridging signals DP+二分查找1632 Vase collection 图论->最大完全图1633 Gladiators DP1634 Who's the boss? 排序1635 Subway tree systems 图论->不同表示法的二叉树判同1637 Sightseeing tour 图论->欧拉回路1638 A number game 博弈论1639 Picnic Planning 图论->1641 Rational Approximation 数论1646 Double Trouble 高精度1654 Area 几何1657 Distance on Chessboard 送分题1658 Eva's Problem 送分题1660 Princess FroG 构造1661 Help Jimmy DP1663 Number Steps 送分题1664 放苹果组合数学->递推1677 Girls' Day 送分题1688 Dolphin Pool 计算几何1690 (Your)((Term)((Project))) 送分题1691 Painting A Board 搜索/DP1692 Crossed Matchings DP1693 Counting Rectangles 几何1694 An Old Stone Game 博弈论?1695 Magazine Delivery 图论->1712 Flying Stars DP1713 Divide et unita 搜索1714 The Cave 搜索/DP1717 Dominoes DP1718 River Crossing DP1719 Shooting Contest 贪心1729 Jack and Jill 图论->1730 Perfect Pth Powers 数论1732 Phone numbers DP1734 Sightseeing trip 图论->Euler回路1738 An old Stone Game 博弈论?1741 Tree 博弈论?1745 Divisibility DP1751 Highways 图论->1752 Advertisement 贪心/图论->差分约束系统1753 Flip Game 搜索->BFS1755 Triathlon 计算几何?1770 Special Experiment 树形DP1771 Elevator Stopping Plan DP1772 New Go Game 构造?1773 Outernet 模拟1774 Fold Paper Strips 几何1775 Sum of Factorials 送分题1776 T ask Sequences DP1777 Vivian's Problem 数论1870 Bee Breeding 送分题1871 Bullet Hole 几何1872 A Dicey Problem BFS1873 The Fortified Forest 几何+回溯1874 Trade on Verweggistan DP1875 Robot 几何1876 The Letter Carrier's Rounds 模拟1877 Flooded! 数据结构->堆1879 Tempus et mobilius Time and motion 模拟+组合数学->Polya定理1882 Stamps 搜索+DP1883 Theseus and the Minotaur 模拟1887 Testing the CATCHER DP1889 Package Pricing DP1893 Monitoring Wheelchair Patients 模拟+几何1915 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS1916 Rat Attack 数据结构->?1936 All in All DP?1946 Cow Cycling DP1947 Rebuilding Roads 二分1985 Cow Marathon 图论->有向无环图的最长路1995 Raising Modulo Numbers 数论->大数的幂求余2049 Finding Nemo 图论->最短路2050 Searching the Web 模拟(需要高效实现)2051 Argus 送分题(最好用堆，不用也可以过)2054 Color a Tree 贪心2061 Pseudo-random Numbers 数论2080 Calendar 日期处理2082 Terrible Sets 分治/2083 Fractal 递归2084 Game of Connections 递推(不必高精度)2105 IP Address 送分题2115 C Looooops 数论->解模线性方程2136 Vertical Histogram 送分题2165 Gunman 计算几何2179 Inlay Cutters 枚举2181 Jumping Cows 递推2182 Lost Cows ->线段树/＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝1370 Gossiping (数论->模线性方程有无解的判断)+(图论->DFS)1090 Chain ->格雷码和二进制码的转换2182 Lost Cows ->线段树/2426 Remainder BFS1872 A Dicey Problem BFS1324 Holedox Moving BFS+压缩储存1088 滑雪DFS/DP1015 Jury Compromise DP1050 To the Max DP1062 昂贵的聘礼DP1065 Wooden Sticks DP1074 Parallel Expectations DP1093 Formatting Text DP1112 Team Them Up! DP1141 Brackets Sequence DP1157 LITTLE SHOP OF FLOWERS DP1160 Post Office DP1163 The Triangle DP1170 Shopping Offers DP1179 Polygon DP1180 Batch Scheduling DP1191 棋盘分割DP1293 Duty Free Shop DP2184 Cow Exhibition DP2193 Lenny's Lucky Lotto Lists DP2292 Optimal Keypad DP1432 Decoding Morse Sequences DP1475 Pushing Boxes DP1513 Scheduling Lectures DP1633 Gladiators DP1661 Help Jimmy DP1692 Crossed Matchings DP1712 Flying Stars DP1717 Dominoes DP1718 River Crossing DP1732 Phone numbers DP1745 Divisibility DP1771 Elevator Stopping Plan DP1776 T ask Sequences DP1874 Trade on Verweggistan DP1887 Testing the CATCHER DP1889 Package Pricing DP1946 Cow Cycling DP1187 陨石的秘密DP（BalkanOI99 Par的拓展）1485 Fast Food DP(似乎就是ioi2000的postoffice) 2385 Apple Catching DP(像NOI98“免费馅饼”) 1064 Cable master DP/二分查找1037 A decorative fence DP/组合数学1936 All in All DP?1505 Copying Books DP+二分查找1631 Bridging signals DP+二分查找1159 Palindrome DP->LCS1458 Common Subsequence DP->LCS1080 Human Gene Functions DP->LCS变形2192 Zipper DP->LCS变形1185 炮兵阵地DP->数据压缩2430 Lazy Cows DP->数据压缩1067 取石子游戏博弈论1082 Calendar Game 博弈论1085 Triangle War 博弈论1143 Number Game 博弈论2311 Cutting Game 博弈论2425 A Chess Game 博弈论1638 A number game 博弈论1694 An Old Stone Game 博弈论?1738 An old Stone Game 博弈论?1741 Tree 博弈论?2083 Fractal 递归1104 Robbery 递推1217 FOUR QUARTERS 递推1280 Game 递推2261 France '98 递推2181 Jumping Cows 递推1316 Self Numbers 递推同Humble Number一样2084 Game of Connections 递推(不必高精度) 1338 Ugly Numbers 递推(有O(n)算法)2247 Humble Numbers 递推(最优O(n)算法)1322 Chocolate 递推/组合数学1189 钉子和小球递推?1947 Rebuilding Roads 二分2418 Hardwood Species 二分查找2082 Terrible Sets 分治/1001 Exponentiation 高精度1047 Round and Round We Go 高精度1060 Modular multiplication of polynomials 高精度1131 Octal Fractions 高精度1202 Family 高精度2199 Rate of Return 高精度1646 Double Trouble 高精度1147 Binary codes 构造1148 Utopia Divided 构造2275 Flipping Pancake 构造1660 Princess FroG 构造1772 New Go Game 构造?1005 I Think I Need a Houseboat 几何1039 Pipe 几何1070 Deformed Wheel 几何1092 Farmland 几何1106 Transmitters 几何2194 Stacking Cylinders 几何2254 Globetrotter 几何2315 Football Game 几何2423 The Parallel Challenge Ballgame 几何1375 Intervals 几何1380 Equipment Box 几何1408 Fishnet 几何1514 Metal Cutting 几何1518 Problem Bee 几何1605 Horse Shoe Scoring 几何1654 Area 几何1693 Counting Rectangles 几何1774 Fold Paper Strips 几何1871 Bullet Hole 几何1875 Robot 几何1873 The Fortified Forest 几何+回溯1031 Fence 计算几何1034 The dog task 计算几何1271 Nice Milk 计算几何2284 That Nice Euler Circuit 计算几何1688 Dolphin Pool 计算几何2165 Gunman 计算几何1755 Triathlon 计算几何?1379 Run Away 计算几何->1113 Wall 计算几何->convex hull1434 Fill the Cisterns! 计算几何->离散化/1151 Atlantis 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的面积->离散化1177 Picture 计算几何->同等安置矩形的并的周长->线段树2419 Forests 枚举2179 Inlay Cutters 枚举1025 Department 模拟1027 The Same Game 模拟1048 Follow My Logic 模拟1049 Microprocessor Simulation 模拟1073 The Willy Memorial Program 模拟1075 University Entrance Examination 模拟1098 Robots 模拟1103 Maze 模拟1120 A New Growth Industry 模拟1193 内存分配模拟1281 MANAGER 模拟2200 A Card Trick 模拟2314 POJ language 模拟1431 Calendar of Maya 模拟1483 Going in Circles on Alpha Centauri 模拟1512 Keeps Going and Going and ... 模拟1773 Outernet 模拟1876 The Letter Carrier's Rounds 模拟1883 Theseus and the Minotaur 模拟2050 Searching the Web 模拟(需要高效实现)1012 Joseph 模拟/数学方法1086 Unscrambling Images 模拟?1327 Moving Object Recognition 模拟?1893 Monitoring Wheelchair Patients 模拟+几何1462 Random Walk 模拟+解线性方程组2379 ACM Rank T able 模拟+排序1879 Tempus et mobilius Time and motion 模拟+组合数学->Polya定理1520 Scramble Sort 排序1634 Who's the boss? 排序2299 Ultra-QuickSort 排序->归并排序1008 Maya Calendar 日期处理1209 Calendar 日期处理2210 Metric Time 日期处理1430 Binary Stirling Numbers 日期处理1447 Ambiguous Dates 日期处理2080 Calendar 日期处理2351 Time Zones 时间处理1770 Special Experiment 树形DP1916 Rat Attack 数据结构->?1197 Depot 数据结构->Young T ableau1182 食物链数据结构->并查集2424 Flo's Restaurant 数据结构->堆1877 Flooded! 数据结构->堆1445 Random number 数据结构->碓1023 The Fun Number System 数论1061 青蛙的约会数论1091 跳蚤数论1152 An Easy Problem! 数论2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers 数论2381 Random Gap 数论2417 Discrete Logging 数论1510 Hares and Foxes 数论1641 Rational Approximation 数论1730 Perfect Pth Powers 数论1777 Vivian's Problem 数论2061 Pseudo-random Numbers 数论1014 Dividing 数论/DP?/组合数学->母函数?1606 Jugs 数论/搜索1995 Raising Modulo Numbers 数论->大数的幂求余2115 C Looooops 数论->解模线性方程1288 Sly Number 数论->解模线性方程组1395 Cog-Wheels 数学->解正系数的线性方程组1000 A+B Problem 送分题1003 Hangover 送分题1004 Financial Management 送分题1006 Biorhythms 送分题1007 DNA Sorting 送分题1016 Numbers That Count 送分题1019 Number Sequence 送分题1028 Web Navigation 送分题1046 Color Me Less 送分题1053 Set Me 送分题1068 Parencodings 送分题1071 Illusive Chase 送分题1096 Space Station Shielding 送分题1099 Square Ice 送分题1102 LC-Display 送分题1107 W's Cipher 送分题1119 Start Up the Startup 送分题1218 THE DRUNK JAILER 送分题1245 Programmer, Rank Thyself 送分题1247 Magnificent Meatballs 送分题1250 T anning Salon 送分题1298 The Hardest Problem Ever 送分题1326 Mileage Bank 送分题2190 ISBN 送分题2196 Specialized Four-Digit Numbers 送分题2291 Rotten Ropes 送分题2304 Combination Lock 送分题2309 BST 送分题2390 Bank Interest 送分题2403 Hay Points 送分题1411 Calling Extraterrestrial Intelligence Again 送分题1481 The Die Is Cast 送分题1484 Blowing Fuses 送分题1517 u Calculate e 送分题1547 Clay Bully 送分题1563 The Snail 送分题1604 Just the Facts 送分题1657 Distance on Chessboard 送分题1658 Eva's Problem 送分题1663 Number Steps 送分题1677 Girls' Day 送分题1690 (Your)((Term)((Project))) 送分题1775 Sum of Factorials 送分题1870 Bee Breeding 送分题2105 IP Address 送分题2136 Vertical Histogram 送分题1555 Polynomial Showdown 送分题(非常阴险) 2388 Who's in the Middle 送分题(排序)1519 Digital Roots 送分题(位数可能很大)1045 Bode Plot 送分题(用物理知识)2051 Argus 送分题(最好用堆，不用也可以过) 1011 Sticks 搜索1020 Anniversary Cake 搜索1054 The Troublesome Frog 搜索1069 The Bermuda Triangle 搜索1072 Puzzle Out 搜索1100 Dreisam Equations 搜索1110 Double Vision 搜索1111 Image Perimeters 搜索1128 Frame Stacking 搜索1142 Smith Numbers 搜索1162 Building with Blocks 搜索1183 反正切函数的应用搜索1184 聪明的打字员搜索1248 Safecracker 搜索1601 Pizza Anyone? 搜索1713 Divide et unita 搜索1129 Channel Allocation 搜索（图的最大独立集）1190 生日蛋糕搜索/DP1691 Painting A Board 搜索/DP1714 The Cave 搜索/DP1084 Square Destroyer 搜索？1010 STAMPS 搜索＋DP1194 HIDDEN CODES 搜索+DP1882 Stamps 搜索+DP1101 The Game 搜索->BFS1137 The New Villa 搜索->BFS1233 Street Crossing 搜索->BFS2243 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS2312 Battle City 搜索->BFS1476 Always On the Run 搜索->BFS1480 Optimal Programs 搜索->BFS1482 It's not a Bug, It's a Feature! 搜索->BFS 1753 Flip Game 搜索->BFS1915 Knight Moves 搜索->BFS1017 Packets 贪心1018 Communication System 贪心1323 Game Prediction 贪心1463 Strategic game 贪心1469 COURSES 贪心1719 Shooting Contest 贪心2054 Color a Tree 贪心1328 Radar Installation 贪心（差分约束系统的特例）1042 Gone Fishing 贪心/DP1752 Advertisement 贪心/图论->差分约束系统1201 Intervals 贪心/图论->最长路->差分约束系统1097 Roads Scholar 图论1161 Walls 图论1450 Gridland 图论(本来TSP问题是NP难的，但这个图比较特殊，由现成的构造方法)2197 Jill's Tour Paths 图论->2416 Return of the Jedi 图论->1639 Picnic Planning 图论->1695 Magazine Delivery 图论->1729 Jack and Jill 图论->1751 Highways 图论->1122 FDNY to the Rescue! 图论->Dijkstra1125 Stockbroker Grapevine 图论->Dijkstra1135 Domino Effect 图论->Dijkstra1394 Railroad 图论->Dijkstra1158 TRAFFIC LIGHTS 图论->Dijkstra变形2395 Out of Hay 图论->Dijkstra变形2253 Frogger 图论->Dijkstra变形(和1295是一样的)1734 Sightseeing trip 图论->Euler回路1466 Girls and Boys 图论->n/a1515 Street Directions 图论->把一个无向连通图改造成为有向强连通图1635 Subway tree systems 图论->不同表示法的二叉树判同1275 Cashier Employment 图论->差分约束系统->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->Bellman-Ford1274 The Perfect Stall 图论->二分图的最大匹配1325 Machine Schedule 图论->二分图的最大匹配2239 Selecting Courses 图论->二分图的最大匹配2195 Going Home 图论->二分图的最大权匹配2400 Supervisor, Supervisee 图论->二分图的最大权匹配?1637 Sightseeing tour 图论->欧拉回路1383 Labyrinth 图论->树的最长路1094 Sorting It All Out 图论->拓扑排序1486 Sorting Slides 图论->拓扑排序1149 PIGS 图论->网络流2289 Jamie's Contact Groups 图论->网络流?1192 最优连通子集图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord 1364 King 图论->无负权回路的有向图的最长路->BellmanFord1985 Cow Marathon 图论->有向无环图的最长路1087 A Plug for UNIX 图论->最大流1273 Drainage Ditches 图论->最大流1459 Power Network 图论->最大流1632 Vase collection 图论->最大完全图2049 Finding Nemo 图论->最短路1251 Jungle Roads 图论->最小生成树2421 Constructing Roads 图论->最小生成树1026 Cipher 组合数学1095 Trees Made to Order 组合数学2346 Lucky tickets 组合数学1286 Necklace of Beads 组合数学->Polya定理2409 Let it Bead 组合数学->Polya定理1664 放苹果组合数学->递推。

2009and2010Papers:Big-4Security ConferencespvoOctober13,2010NDSS20091.Document Structure Integrity:A Robust Basis for Cross-site Scripting Defense.Y.Nadji,P.Saxena,D.Song2.An Efficient Black-box Technique for Defeating Web Application Attacks.R.Sekar3.Noncespaces:Using Randomization to Enforce Information Flow Tracking and Thwart Cross-Site Scripting Attacks.M.Van Gundy,H.Chen4.The Blind Stone Tablet:Outsourcing Durability to Untrusted Parties.P.Williams,R.Sion,D.Shasha5.Two-Party Computation Model for Privacy-Preserving Queries over Distributed Databases.S.S.M.Chow,J.-H.Lee,L.Subramanian6.SybilInfer:Detecting Sybil Nodes using Social Networks.G.Danezis,P.Mittal7.Spectrogram:A Mixture-of-Markov-Chains Model for Anomaly Detection in Web Traffic.Yingbo Song,Angelos D.Keromytis,Salvatore J.Stolfo8.Detecting Forged TCP Reset Packets.Nicholas Weaver,Robin Sommer,Vern Paxson9.Coordinated Scan Detection.Carrie Gates10.RB-Seeker:Auto-detection of Redirection Botnets.Xin Hu,Matthew Knysz,Kang G.Shin11.Scalable,Behavior-Based Malware Clustering.Ulrich Bayer,Paolo Milani Comparetti,Clemens Hlauschek,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda12.K-Tracer:A System for Extracting Kernel Malware Behavior.Andrea Lanzi,Monirul I.Sharif,Wenke Lee13.RAINBOW:A Robust And Invisible Non-Blind Watermark for Network Flows.Amir Houmansadr,Negar Kiyavash,Nikita Borisov14.Traffic Morphing:An Efficient Defense Against Statistical Traffic Analysis.Charles V.Wright,Scott E.Coull,Fabian Monrose15.Recursive DNS Architectures and Vulnerability Implications.David Dagon,Manos Antonakakis,Kevin Day,Xiapu Luo,Christopher P.Lee,Wenke Lee16.Analyzing and Comparing the Protection Quality of Security Enhanced Operating Systems.Hong Chen,Ninghui Li,Ziqing Mao17.IntScope:Automatically Detecting Integer Overflow Vulnerability in X86Binary Using Symbolic Execution.Tielei Wang,Tao Wei,Zhiqiang Lin,Wei Zou18.Safe Passage for Passwords and Other Sensitive Data.Jonathan M.McCune,Adrian Perrig,Michael K.Reiter19.Conditioned-safe Ceremonies and a User Study of an Application to Web Authentication.Chris Karlof,J.Doug Tygar,David Wagner20.CSAR:A Practical and Provable Technique to Make Randomized Systems Accountable.Michael Backes,Peter Druschel,Andreas Haeberlen,Dominique UnruhOakland20091.Wirelessly Pickpocketing a Mifare Classic Card.(Best Practical Paper Award)Flavio D.Garcia,Peter van Rossum,Roel Verdult,Ronny Wichers Schreur2.Plaintext Recovery Attacks Against SSH.Martin R.Albrecht,Kenneth G.Paterson,Gaven J.Watson3.Exploiting Unix File-System Races via Algorithmic Complexity Attacks.Xiang Cai,Yuwei Gui,Rob Johnson4.Practical Mitigations for Timing-Based Side-Channel Attacks on Modern x86Processors.Bart Coppens,Ingrid Verbauwhede,Bjorn De Sutter,Koen De Bosschere5.Non-Interference for a Practical DIFC-Based Operating System.Maxwell Krohn,Eran Tromer6.Native Client:A Sandbox for Portable,Untrusted x86Native Code.(Best Paper Award)B.Yee,D.Sehr,G.Dardyk,B.Chen,R.Muth,T.Ormandy,S.Okasaka,N.Narula,N.Fullagar7.Automatic Reverse Engineering of Malware Emulators.(Best Student Paper Award)Monirul Sharif,Andrea Lanzi,Jonathon Giffin,Wenke Lee8.Prospex:Protocol Specification Extraction.Paolo Milani Comparetti,Gilbert Wondracek,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda9.Quantifying Information Leaks in Outbound Web Traffic.Kevin Borders,Atul Prakash10.Automatic Discovery and Quantification of Information Leaks.Michael Backes,Boris Kopf,Andrey Rybalchenko11.CLAMP:Practical Prevention of Large-Scale Data Leaks.Bryan Parno,Jonathan M.McCune,Dan Wendlandt,David G.Andersen,Adrian Perrig12.De-anonymizing Social Networks.Arvind Narayanan,Vitaly Shmatikov13.Privacy Weaknesses in Biometric Sketches.Koen Simoens,Pim Tuyls,Bart Preneel14.The Mastermind Attack on Genomic Data.Michael T.Goodrich15.A Logic of Secure Systems and its Application to Trusted Computing.Anupam Datta,Jason Franklin,Deepak Garg,Dilsun Kaynar16.Formally Certifying the Security of Digital Signature Schemes.Santiago Zanella-Beguelin,Gilles Barthe,Benjamin Gregoire,Federico Olmedo17.An Epistemic Approach to Coercion-Resistance for Electronic Voting Protocols.Ralf Kuesters,Tomasz Truderung18.Sphinx:A Compact and Provably Secure Mix Format.George Danezis,Ian Goldberg19.DSybil:Optimal Sybil-Resistance for Recommendation Systems.Haifeng Yu,Chenwei Shi,Michael Kaminsky,Phillip B.Gibbons,Feng Xiao20.Fingerprinting Blank Paper Using Commodity Scanners.William Clarkson,Tim Weyrich,Adam Finkelstein,Nadia Heninger,Alex Halderman,Ed Felten 21.Tempest in a Teapot:Compromising Reflections Revisited.Michael Backes,Tongbo Chen,Markus Duermuth,Hendrik P.A.Lensch,Martin Welk22.Blueprint:Robust Prevention of Cross-site Scripting Attacks for Existing Browsers.Mike Ter Louw,V.N.Venkatakrishnan23.Pretty-Bad-Proxy:An Overlooked Adversary in Browsers’HTTPS Deployments.Shuo Chen,Ziqing Mao,Yi-Min Wang,Ming Zhang24.Secure Content Sniffing for Web Browsers,or How to Stop Papers from Reviewing Themselves.Adam Barth,Juan Caballero,Dawn Song25.It’s No Secret:Measuring the Security and Reliability of Authentication via’Secret’Questions.Stuart Schechter,A.J.Bernheim Brush,Serge Egelman26.Password Cracking Using Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars.Matt Weir,Sudhir Aggarwal,Bill Glodek,Breno de MedeirosUSENIX Security2009promising Electromagnetic Emanations of Wired and Wireless Keyboards.(Outstanding Student Paper)Martin Vuagnoux,Sylvain Pasini2.Peeping Tom in the Neighborhood:Keystroke Eavesdropping on Multi-User Systems.Kehuan Zhang,XiaoFeng Wang3.A Practical Congestion Attack on Tor Using Long Paths,Nathan S.Evans,Roger Dingledine,Christian Grothoff4.Baggy Bounds Checking:An Efficient and Backwards-Compatible Defense against Out-of-Bounds Errors.Periklis Akritidis,Manuel Costa,Miguel Castro,Steven Hand5.Dynamic Test Generation to Find Integer Bugs in x86Binary Linux Programs.David Molnar,Xue Cong Li,David A.Wagner6.NOZZLE:A Defense Against Heap-spraying Code Injection Attacks.Paruj Ratanaworabhan,Benjamin Livshits,Benjamin Zorn7.Detecting Spammers with SNARE:Spatio-temporal Network-level Automatic Reputation Engine.Shuang Hao,Nadeem Ahmed Syed,Nick Feamster,Alexander G.Gray,Sven Krasser8.Improving Tor using a TCP-over-DTLS Tunnel.Joel Reardon,Ian Goldberg9.Locating Prefix Hijackers using LOCK.Tongqing Qiu,Lusheng Ji,Dan Pei,Jia Wang,Jun(Jim)Xu,Hitesh Ballani10.GATEKEEPER:Mostly Static Enforcement of Security and Reliability Policies for JavaScript Code.Salvatore Guarnieri,Benjamin Livshits11.Cross-Origin JavaScript Capability Leaks:Detection,Exploitation,and Defense.Adam Barth,Joel Weinberger,Dawn Song12.Memory Safety for Low-Level Software/Hardware Interactions.John Criswell,Nicolas Geoffray,Vikram Adve13.Physical-layer Identification of RFID Devices.Boris Danev,Thomas S.Heydt-Benjamin,Srdjan CapkunCP:Secure Remote Storage for Computational RFIDs.Mastooreh Salajegheh,Shane Clark,Benjamin Ransford,Kevin Fu,Ari Juels15.Jamming-resistant Broadcast Communication without Shared Keys.Christina Popper,Mario Strasser,Srdjan Capkun16.xBook:Redesigning Privacy Control in Social Networking Platforms.Kapil Singh,Sumeer Bhola,Wenke Lee17.Nemesis:Preventing Authentication and Access Control Vulnerabilities in Web Applications.Michael Dalton,Christos Kozyrakis,Nickolai Zeldovich18.Static Enforcement of Web Application Integrity Through Strong Typing.William Robertson,Giovanni Vigna19.Vanish:Increasing Data Privacy with Self-Destructing Data.(Outstanding Student Paper)Roxana Geambasu,Tadayoshi Kohno,Amit A.Levy,Henry M.Levy20.Efficient Data Structures for Tamper-Evident Logging.Scott A.Crosby,Dan S.Wallach21.VPriv:Protecting Privacy in Location-Based Vehicular Services.Raluca Ada Popa,Hari Balakrishnan,Andrew J.Blumberg22.Effective and Efficient Malware Detection at the End Host.Clemens Kolbitsch,Paolo Milani Comparetti,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda,Xiaoyong Zhou,XiaoFeng Wang 23.Protecting Confidential Data on Personal Computers with Storage Capsules.Kevin Borders,Eric Vander Weele,Billy Lau,Atul Prakash24.Return-Oriented Rootkits:Bypassing Kernel Code Integrity Protection Mechanisms.Ralf Hund,Thorsten Holz,Felix C.Freiling25.Crying Wolf:An Empirical Study of SSL Warning Effectiveness.Joshua Sunshine,Serge Egelman,Hazim Almuhimedi,Neha Atri,Lorrie Faith Cranor26.The Multi-Principal OS Construction of the Gazelle Web Browser.Helen J.Wang,Chris Grier,Alex Moshchuk,Samuel T.King,Piali Choudhury,Herman VenterACM CCS20091.Attacking cryptographic schemes based on”perturbation polynomials”.Martin Albrecht,Craig Gentry,Shai Halevi,Jonathan Katz2.Filter-resistant code injection on ARM.Yves Younan,Pieter Philippaerts,Frank Piessens,Wouter Joosen,Sven Lachmund,Thomas Walter3.False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids.Yao Liu,Michael K.Reiter,Peng Ning4.EPC RFID tag security weaknesses and defenses:passport cards,enhanced drivers licenses,and beyond.Karl Koscher,Ari Juels,Vjekoslav Brajkovic,Tadayoshi Kohno5.An efficient forward private RFID protocol.Come Berbain,Olivier Billet,Jonathan Etrog,Henri Gilbert6.RFID privacy:relation between two notions,minimal condition,and efficient construction.Changshe Ma,Yingjiu Li,Robert H.Deng,Tieyan Li7.CoSP:a general framework for computational soundness proofs.Michael Backes,Dennis Hofheinz,Dominique Unruh8.Reactive noninterference.Aaron Bohannon,Benjamin C.Pierce,Vilhelm Sjoberg,Stephanie Weirich,Steve Zdancewicputational soundness for key exchange protocols with symmetric encryption.Ralf Kusters,Max Tuengerthal10.A probabilistic approach to hybrid role mining.Mario Frank,Andreas P.Streich,David A.Basin,Joachim M.Buhmann11.Efficient pseudorandom functions from the decisional linear assumption and weaker variants.Allison B.Lewko,Brent Waters12.Improving privacy and security in multi-authority attribute-based encryption.Melissa Chase,Sherman S.M.Chow13.Oblivious transfer with access control.Jan Camenisch,Maria Dubovitskaya,Gregory Neven14.NISAN:network information service for anonymization networks.Andriy Panchenko,Stefan Richter,Arne Rache15.Certificateless onion routing.Dario Catalano,Dario Fiore,Rosario Gennaro16.ShadowWalker:peer-to-peer anonymous communication using redundant structured topologies.Prateek Mittal,Nikita Borisov17.Ripley:automatically securing web2.0applications through replicated execution.K.Vikram,Abhishek Prateek,V.Benjamin Livshits18.HAIL:a high-availability and integrity layer for cloud storage.Kevin D.Bowers,Ari Juels,Alina Oprea19.Hey,you,get offof my cloud:exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds.Thomas Ristenpart,Eran Tromer,Hovav Shacham,Stefan Savage20.Dynamic provable data possession.C.Christopher Erway,Alptekin Kupcu,Charalampos Papamanthou,Roberto Tamassia21.On cellular botnets:measuring the impact of malicious devices on a cellular network core.Patrick Traynor,Michael Lin,Machigar Ongtang,Vikhyath Rao,Trent Jaeger,Patrick Drew McDaniel,Thomas Porta 22.On lightweight mobile phone application certification.William Enck,Machigar Ongtang,Patrick Drew McDaniel23.SMILE:encounter-based trust for mobile social services.Justin Manweiler,Ryan Scudellari,Landon P.Cox24.Battle of Botcraft:fighting bots in online games with human observational proofs.Steven Gianvecchio,Zhenyu Wu,Mengjun Xie,Haining Wang25.Fides:remote anomaly-based cheat detection using client emulation.Edward C.Kaiser,Wu-chang Feng,Travis Schluessler26.Behavior based software theft detection.Xinran Wang,Yoon-chan Jhi,Sencun Zhu,Peng Liu27.The fable of the bees:incentivizing robust revocation decision making in ad hoc networks.Steffen Reidt,Mudhakar Srivatsa,Shane Balfe28.Effective implementation of the cell broadband engineTM isolation loader.Masana Murase,Kanna Shimizu,Wilfred Plouffe,Masaharu Sakamoto29.On achieving good operating points on an ROC plane using stochastic anomaly score prediction.Muhammad Qasim Ali,Hassan Khan,Ali Sajjad,Syed Ali Khayam30.On non-cooperative location privacy:a game-theoretic analysis.Julien Freudiger,Mohammad Hossein Manshaei,Jean-Pierre Hubaux,David C.Parkes31.Privacy-preserving genomic computation through program specialization.Rui Wang,XiaoFeng Wang,Zhou Li,Haixu Tang,Michael K.Reiter,Zheng Dong32.Feeling-based location privacy protection for location-based services.Toby Xu,Ying Cai33.Multi-party off-the-record messaging.Ian Goldberg,Berkant Ustaoglu,Matthew Van Gundy,Hao Chen34.The bayesian traffic analysis of mix networks.Carmela Troncoso,George Danezis35.As-awareness in Tor path selection.Matthew Edman,Paul F.Syverson36.Membership-concealing overlay networks.Eugene Y.Vasserman,Rob Jansen,James Tyra,Nicholas Hopper,Yongdae Kim37.On the difficulty of software-based attestation of embedded devices.Claude Castelluccia,Aurelien Francillon,Daniele Perito,Claudio Soriente38.Proximity-based access control for implantable medical devices.Kasper Bonne Rasmussen,Claude Castelluccia,Thomas S.Heydt-Benjamin,Srdjan Capkun39.XCS:cross channel scripting and its impact on web applications.Hristo Bojinov,Elie Bursztein,Dan Boneh40.A security-preserving compiler for distributed programs:from information-flow policies to cryptographic mechanisms.Cedric Fournet,Gurvan Le Guernic,Tamara Rezk41.Finding bugs in exceptional situations of JNI programs.Siliang Li,Gang Tan42.Secure open source collaboration:an empirical study of Linus’law.Andrew Meneely,Laurie A.Williams43.On voting machine design for verification and testability.Cynthia Sturton,Susmit Jha,Sanjit A.Seshia,David Wagner44.Secure in-VM monitoring using hardware virtualization.Monirul I.Sharif,Wenke Lee,Weidong Cui,Andrea Lanzi45.A metadata calculus for secure information sharing.Mudhakar Srivatsa,Dakshi Agrawal,Steffen Reidt46.Multiple password interference in text passwords and click-based graphical passwords.Sonia Chiasson,Alain Forget,Elizabeth Stobert,Paul C.van Oorschot,Robert Biddle47.Can they hear me now?:a security analysis of law enforcement wiretaps.Micah Sherr,Gaurav Shah,Eric Cronin,Sandy Clark,Matt Blaze48.English shellcode.Joshua Mason,Sam Small,Fabian Monrose,Greg MacManus49.Learning your identity and disease from research papers:information leaks in genome wide association study.Rui Wang,Yong Fuga Li,XiaoFeng Wang,Haixu Tang,Xiao-yong Zhou50.Countering kernel rootkits with lightweight hook protection.Zhi Wang,Xuxian Jiang,Weidong Cui,Peng Ning51.Mapping kernel objects to enable systematic integrity checking.Martim Carbone,Weidong Cui,Long Lu,Wenke Lee,Marcus Peinado,Xuxian Jiang52.Robust signatures for kernel data structures.Brendan Dolan-Gavitt,Abhinav Srivastava,Patrick Traynor,Jonathon T.Giffin53.A new cell counter based attack against tor.Zhen Ling,Junzhou Luo,Wei Yu,Xinwen Fu,Dong Xuan,Weijia Jia54.Scalable onion routing with torsk.Jon McLachlan,Andrew Tran,Nicholas Hopper,Yongdae Kim55.Anonymous credentials on a standard java card.Patrik Bichsel,Jan Camenisch,Thomas Gros,Victor Shouprge-scale malware indexing using function-call graphs.Xin Hu,Tzi-cker Chiueh,Kang G.Shin57.Dispatcher:enabling active botnet infiltration using automatic protocol reverse-engineering.Juan Caballero,Pongsin Poosankam,Christian Kreibich,Dawn Xiaodong Song58.Your botnet is my botnet:analysis of a botnet takeover.Brett Stone-Gross,Marco Cova,Lorenzo Cavallaro,Bob Gilbert,MartinSzydlowski,Richard A.Kemmerer,Christopher Kruegel,Giovanni VignaNDSS20101.Server-side Verification of Client Behavior in Online Games.Darrell Bethea,Robert Cochran and Michael Reiter2.Defeating Vanish with Low-Cost Sybil Attacks Against Large DHTs.S.Wolchok,O.S.Hofmann,N.Heninger,E.W.Felten,J.A.Halderman,C.J.Rossbach,B.Waters,E.Witchel3.Stealth DoS Attacks on Secure Channels.Amir Herzberg and Haya Shulman4.Protecting Browsers from Extension Vulnerabilities.Adam Barth,Adrienne Porter Felt,Prateek Saxena,and Aaron Boodman5.Adnostic:Privacy Preserving Targeted Advertising.Vincent Toubiana,Arvind Narayanan,Dan Boneh,Helen Nissenbaum and Solon Barocas6.FLAX:Systematic Discovery of Client-side Validation Vulnerabilities in Rich Web Applications.Prateek Saxena,Steve Hanna,Pongsin Poosankam and Dawn Song7.Effective Anomaly Detection with Scarce Training Data.William Robertson,Federico Maggi,Christopher Kruegel and Giovanni Vignarge-Scale Automatic Classification of Phishing Pages.Colin Whittaker,Brian Ryner and Marria Nazif9.A Systematic Characterization of IM Threats using Honeypots.Iasonas Polakis,Thanasis Petsas,Evangelos P.Markatos and Spiros Antonatos10.On Network-level Clusters for Spam Detection.Zhiyun Qian,Zhuoqing Mao,Yinglian Xie and Fang Yu11.Improving Spam Blacklisting Through Dynamic Thresholding and Speculative Aggregation.Sushant Sinha,Michael Bailey and Farnam Jahanian12.Botnet Judo:Fighting Spam with Itself.A.Pitsillidis,K.Levchenko,C.Kreibich,C.Kanich,G.M.Voelker,V.Paxson,N.Weaver,S.Savage13.Contractual Anonymity.Edward J.Schwartz,David Brumley and Jonathan M.McCune14.A3:An Extensible Platform for Application-Aware Anonymity.Micah Sherr,Andrew Mao,William R.Marczak,Wenchao Zhou,Boon Thau Loo,and Matt Blaze15.When Good Randomness Goes Bad:Virtual Machine Reset Vulnerabilities and Hedging Deployed Cryptography.Thomas Ristenpart and Scott Yilek16.InvisiType:Object-Oriented Security Policies.Jiwon Seo and Monica m17.A Security Evaluation of DNSSEC with NSEC3.Jason Bau and John Mitchell18.On the Safety of Enterprise Policy Deployment.Yudong Gao,Ni Pan,Xu Chen and Z.Morley Mao19.Where Do You Want to Go Today?Escalating Privileges by Pathname Manipulation.Suresh Chari,Shai Halevi and Wietse Venema20.Joe-E:A Security-Oriented Subset of Java.Adrian Mettler,David Wagner and Tyler Close21.Preventing Capability Leaks in Secure JavaScript Subsets.Matthew Finifter,Joel Weinberger and Adam Barth22.Binary Code Extraction and Interface Identification for Security Applications.Juan Caballero,Noah M.Johnson,Stephen McCamant,and Dawn Song23.Automatic Reverse Engineering of Data Structures from Binary Execution.Zhiqiang Lin,Xiangyu Zhang and Dongyan Xu24.Efficient Detection of Split Personalities in Malware.Davide Balzarotti,Marco Cova,Christoph Karlberger,Engin Kirda,Christopher Kruegel and Giovanni VignaOakland20101.Inspector Gadget:Automated Extraction of Proprietary Gadgets from Malware Binaries.Clemens Kolbitsch Thorsten Holz,Christopher Kruegel,Engin Kirda2.Synthesizing Near-Optimal Malware Specifications from Suspicious Behaviors.Matt Fredrikson,Mihai Christodorescu,Somesh Jha,Reiner Sailer,Xifeng Yan3.Identifying Dormant Functionality in Malware Programs.Paolo Milani Comparetti,Guido Salvaneschi,Clemens Kolbitsch,Engin Kirda,Christopher Kruegel,Stefano Zanero4.Reconciling Belief and Vulnerability in Information Flow.Sardaouna Hamadou,Vladimiro Sassone,Palamidessi5.Towards Static Flow-Based Declassification for Legacy and Untrusted Programs.Bruno P.S.Rocha,Sruthi Bandhakavi,Jerry I.den Hartog,William H.Winsborough,Sandro Etalle6.Non-Interference Through Secure Multi-Execution.Dominique Devriese,Frank Piessens7.Object Capabilities and Isolation of Untrusted Web Applications.Sergio Maffeis,John C.Mitchell,Ankur Taly8.TrustVisor:Efficient TCB Reduction and Attestation.Jonathan McCune,Yanlin Li,Ning Qu,Zongwei Zhou,Anupam Datta,Virgil Gligor,Adrian Perrig9.Overcoming an Untrusted Computing Base:Detecting and Removing Malicious Hardware Automatically.Matthew Hicks,Murph Finnicum,Samuel T.King,Milo M.K.Martin,Jonathan M.Smith10.Tamper Evident Microprocessors.Adam Waksman,Simha Sethumadhavan11.Side-Channel Leaks in Web Applications:a Reality Today,a Challenge Tomorrow.Shuo Chen,Rui Wang,XiaoFeng Wang Kehuan Zhang12.Investigation of Triangular Spamming:a Stealthy and Efficient Spamming Technique.Zhiyun Qian,Z.Morley Mao,Yinglian Xie,Fang Yu13.A Practical Attack to De-Anonymize Social Network Users.Gilbert Wondracek,Thorsten Holz,Engin Kirda,Christopher Kruegel14.SCiFI-A System for Secure Face Identification.(Best Paper)Margarita Osadchy,Benny Pinkas,Ayman Jarrous,Boaz Moskovich15.Round-Efficient Broadcast Authentication Protocols for Fixed Topology Classes.Haowen Chan,Adrian Perrig16.Revocation Systems with Very Small Private Keys.Allison Lewko,Amit Sahai,Brent Waters17.Authenticating Primary Users’Signals in Cognitive Radio Networks via Integrated Cryptographic and Wireless Link Signatures.Yao Liu,Peng Ning,Huaiyu Dai18.Outside the Closed World:On Using Machine Learning For Network Intrusion Detection.Robin Sommer,Vern Paxson19.All You Ever Wanted to Know about Dynamic Taint Analysis and Forward Symbolic Execution(but might have been afraid to ask).Thanassis Avgerinos,Edward Schwartz,David Brumley20.State of the Art:Automated Black-Box Web Application Vulnerability Testing.Jason Bau,Elie Bursztein,Divij Gupta,John Mitchell21.A Proof-Carrying File System.Deepak Garg,Frank Pfenning22.Scalable Parametric Verification of Secure Systems:How to Verify Ref.Monitors without Worrying about Data Structure Size.Jason Franklin,Sagar Chaki,Anupam Datta,Arvind Seshadri23.HyperSafe:A Lightweight Approach to Provide Lifetime Hypervisor Control-Flow Integrity.Zhi Wang,Xuxian Jiang24.How Good are Humans at Solving CAPTCHAs?A Large Scale Evaluation.Elie Bursztein,Steven Bethard,John C.Mitchell,Dan Jurafsky,Celine Fabry25.Bootstrapping Trust in Commodity Computers.Bryan Parno,Jonathan M.McCune,Adrian Perrig26.Chip and PIN is Broken.(Best Practical Paper)Steven J.Murdoch,Saar Drimer,Ross Anderson,Mike Bond27.Experimental Security Analysis of a Modern Automobile.K.Koscher,A.Czeskis,F.Roesner,S.Patel,T.Kohno,S.Checkoway,D.McCoy,B.Kantor,D.Anderson,H.Shacham,S.Savage 28.On the Incoherencies in Web Browser Access Control Policies.Kapil Singh,Alexander Moshchuk,Helen J.Wang,Wenke Lee29.ConScript:Specifying and Enforcing Fine-Grained Security Policies for JavaScript in the Browser.Leo Meyerovich,Benjamin Livshits30.TaintScope:A Checksum-Aware Directed Fuzzing Tool for Automatic Software Vulnerability Detection.(Best Student Paper)Tielei Wang,Tao Wei,Guofei Gu,Wei Zou31.A Symbolic Execution Framework for JavaScript.Prateek Saxena,Devdatta Akhawe,Steve Hanna,Stephen McCamant,Dawn Song,Feng MaoUSENIX Security20101.Adapting Software Fault Isolation to Contemporary CPU Architectures.David Sehr,Robert Muth,CliffBiffle,Victor Khimenko,Egor Pasko,Karl Schimpf,Bennet Yee,Brad Chen2.Making Linux Protection Mechanisms Egalitarian with UserFS.Taesoo Kim and Nickolai Zeldovich3.Capsicum:Practical Capabilities for UNIX.(Best Student Paper)Robert N.M.Watson,Jonathan Anderson,Ben Laurie,Kris Kennaway4.Structuring Protocol Implementations to Protect Sensitive Data.Petr Marchenko,Brad Karp5.PrETP:Privacy-Preserving Electronic Toll Pricing.Josep Balasch,Alfredo Rial,Carmela Troncoso,Bart Preneel,Ingrid Verbauwhede,Christophe Geuens6.An Analysis of Private Browsing Modes in Modern Browsers.Gaurav Aggarwal,Elie Bursztein,Collin Jackson,Dan Boneh7.BotGrep:Finding P2P Bots with Structured Graph Analysis.Shishir Nagaraja,Prateek Mittal,Chi-Yao Hong,Matthew Caesar,Nikita Borisov8.Fast Regular Expression Matching Using Small TCAMs for Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems.Chad R.Meiners,Jignesh Patel,Eric Norige,Eric Torng,Alex X.Liu9.Searching the Searchers with SearchAudit.John P.John,Fang Yu,Yinglian Xie,Martin Abadi,Arvind Krishnamurthy10.Toward Automated Detection of Logic Vulnerabilities in Web Applications.Viktoria Felmetsger,Ludovico Cavedon,Christopher Kruegel,Giovanni Vigna11.Baaz:A System for Detecting Access Control Misconfigurations.Tathagata Das,Ranjita Bhagwan,Prasad Naldurg12.Cling:A Memory Allocator to Mitigate Dangling Pointers.Periklis Akritidis13.ZKPDL:A Language-Based System for Efficient Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Electronic Cash.Sarah Meiklejohn,C.Chris Erway,Alptekin Kupcu,Theodora Hinkle,Anna Lysyanskaya14.P4P:Practical Large-Scale Privacy-Preserving Distributed Computation Robust against Malicious Users.Yitao Duan,John Canny,Justin Zhan,15.SEPIA:Privacy-Preserving Aggregation of Multi-Domain Network Events and Statistics.Martin Burkhart,Mario Strasser,Dilip Many,Xenofontas Dimitropoulos16.Dude,Where’s That IP?Circumventing Measurement-based IP Geolocation.Phillipa Gill,Yashar Ganjali,Bernard Wong,David Lie17.Idle Port Scanning and Non-interference Analysis of Network Protocol Stacks Using Model Checking.Roya Ensafi,Jong Chun Park,Deepak Kapur,Jedidiah R.Crandall18.Building a Dynamic Reputation System for DNS.Manos Antonakakis,Roberto Perdisci,David Dagon,Wenke Lee,Nick Feamster19.Scantegrity II Municipal Election at Takoma Park:The First E2E Binding Governmental Election with Ballot Privacy.R.Carback,D.Chaum,J.Clark,J.Conway,A.Essex,P.S.Herrnson,T.Mayberry,S.Popoveniuc,R.L.Rivest,E.Shen,A.T.Sherman,P.L.Vora20.Acoustic Side-Channel Attacks on Printers.Michael Backes,Markus Durmuth,Sebastian Gerling,Manfred Pinkal,Caroline Sporleder21.Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities of In-Car Wireless Networks:A Tire Pressure Monitoring System Case Study.Ishtiaq Rouf,Rob Miller,Hossen Mustafa,Travis Taylor,Sangho Oh,Wenyuan Xu,Marco Gruteser,Wade Trappe,Ivan Seskar 22.VEX:Vetting Browser Extensions for Security Vulnerabilities.(Best Paper)Sruthi Bandhakavi,Samuel T.King,P.Madhusudan,Marianne Winslett23.Securing Script-Based Extensibility in Web Browsers.Vladan Djeric,Ashvin Goel24.AdJail:Practical Enforcement of Confidentiality and Integrity Policies on Web Advertisements.Mike Ter Louw,Karthik Thotta Ganesh,V.N.Venkatakrishnan25.Realization of RF Distance Bounding.Kasper Bonne Rasmussen,Srdjan Capkun26.The Case for Ubiquitous Transport-Level Encryption.Andrea Bittau,Michael Hamburg,Mark Handley,David Mazieres,Dan Boneh27.Automatic Generation of Remediation Procedures for Malware Infections.Roberto Paleari,Lorenzo Martignoni,Emanuele Passerini,Drew Davidson,Matt Fredrikson,Jon Giffin,Somesh Jha28.Re:CAPTCHAs-Understanding CAPTCHA-Solving Services in an Economic Context.Marti Motoyama,Kirill Levchenko,Chris Kanich,Damon McCoy,Geoffrey M.Voelker,Stefan Savage29.Chipping Away at Censorship Firewalls with User-Generated Content.Sam Burnett,Nick Feamster,Santosh Vempala30.Fighting Coercion Attacks in Key Generation using Skin Conductance.Payas Gupta,Debin GaoACM CCS20101.Security Analysis of India’s Electronic Voting Machines.Scott Wolchok,Erik Wustrow,J.Alex Halderman,Hari Prasad,Rop Gonggrijp2.Dissecting One Click Frauds.Nicolas Christin,Sally S.Yanagihara,Keisuke Kamataki3.@spam:The Underground on140Characters or Less.Chris Grier,Kurt Thomas,Vern Paxson,Michael Zhang4.HyperSentry:Enabling Stealthy In-context Measurement of Hypervisor Integrity.Ahmed M.Azab,Peng Ning,Zhi Wang,Xuxian Jiang,Xiaolan Zhang,Nathan C.Skalsky5.Trail of Bytes:Efficient Support for Forensic Analysis.Srinivas Krishnan,Kevin Z.Snow,Fabian Monrose6.Survivable Key Compromise in Software Update Systems.Justin Samuel,Nick Mathewson,Justin Cappos,Roger Dingledine7.A Methodology for Empirical Analysis of the 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Security Protocols and Web Services with Databases.Sebastian Moedersheim。

庞加莱猜想-前言Wir m\"ussen wissen! Wir werden wissen!(我们必须知道！我们必将知道！)—— David Hilbert两年前科学版举行过一次版聚，我报告了低维拓扑里面的一些问题和进展，其中有一半篇幅是关于Poincar\'e 猜想。

版聚后，flyleaf 要求大家回去后把自己所讲的内容发在版上。

当时我甚至已经开始写了一两段，但后来又搁置了。

主要是因为自己对于低维拓扑还是一个门外汉，写出来的东西难免有疏漏之处，不敢妄下笔。

两年过去，我对低维拓扑这门学科的了解比原先多了，说话的底气也就比原先足了。

另外，由于Clay 研究所的百万巨赏，近年来Poincar\'e 猜想频频在媒体上曝光；而且Perelman 最近的工作使数学家们有理由相信我们已经充分接近于这一猜想的最后解决。

所以大概会有很多人对Poincar\'e 猜想的来龙去脉感兴趣，我也好借机一偿两年来的宿愿。

现代科学的高速发展使各学科之间的鸿沟加大，不同学科之间难以互相理解，所以非数学专业的读者在阅读本文时可能会遇到一些困难。

但限于篇幅和文章的形式，我也不可能对很多东西详细解释。

一些最基本的拓扑概念如“流形”，我将在本文的附录中解释。

还有一些“同调群”、“基本群”之类的名词，读者见到时大可不去理会它们的确切含义。

我将尽量避免使用这一类的专业术语。

作者并非拓扑方面的专家，对下面要说的很多内容都是道听途说，只知其然而不知其所以然；作者更不善于写作，写出来的东东总会枯燥无味，难登大雅之堂。

凡此种种，还请读者诸君海涵。

问题的由来Consid\'erons maintenant une vari\'et\'e [ferm\'ee] $V$ \`a trois dimensions ... Est-il possible que le groupe fondamental de $V$ ser\'eduise \`a la substitution identique, et que pourtant $V$ ne soit pas simplement connexe?—— Henri Poincar\'e在拓扑学家的眼里，篮球、排球和乒乓球并没有什么不同，它们都同胚于三维空间中的球面S^2. (我们把n+1维欧氏空间中到原点距离为1的点的集合记作S^n，称为n维球面(sphere)。

ANDREW S. TANENBAUM 秒，约533 msec.----- COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 8. A collection of five routers is to be conn ected in a poi nt-to-poi nt sub net.Collected and Modified By Yan Zhe nXing, Mail To: Betwee n each pair of routers, the desig ners may put a high-speed line, aClassify: E aEasy, M ^Middle, H Hard , DaDeleteGree n: Importa nt Red: Master Blue: VI Others:Know Grey:—Unnecessary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ML V Chapter 1 In troductio nProblems2. An alter native to a LAN is simply a big timeshari ng system with termi nals forall users. Give two adva ntages of a clie nt-server system using a LAN.(M)使用局域网模型可以容易地增加节点。

如果局域网只是一条长的电缆，且不会因个别的失效而崩溃(例如采用镜像服务-------------------------------------------器)的情况下，使用局域网模型会更便宜。

2021年9月Journal on Communications September 2021 第42卷第9期通信学报V ol.42No.9基于CPN的安全协议形式化建模及安全分析方法龚翔，冯涛，杜谨泽（兰州理工大学计算机与通信学院，甘肃兰州 730050）摘 要：为了解决有色Petri网（CPN）对安全协议进行形式化建模分析时，仅能判断协议是否存在漏洞而无法找出漏洞具体位置和攻击路径的问题，以及CPN建模时随着攻击者模型引入，安全协议的形式化模型可能的消息路径数量激增，状态空间容易发生爆炸导致难以提取准确攻击路径的问题，改进了基于CPN的安全协议形式化建模方法，验证并提取攻击路径的同时，采用更细粒度的协议建模及控制。

在状态空间收敛方面提出了CPN模型不同进程在各分层模型中等待−同步的方法控制状态空间规模。

通过针对TMN协议的安全评估分析，成功提取出该协议25条攻击路径，评估了该协议安全性的同时证明了所述方法的有效性。

关键词：有色Petri网；安全协议；形式化分析；状态空间；攻击路径中图分类号：TP393.06文献标识码：ADOI: 10.11959/j.issn.1000−436x.2021175Formal modeling and security analysis method ofsecurity protocol based on CPNGONG Xiang, FENG Tao, DU JinzeSchool of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China Abstract: To solve the problem of modeling and analyzing with colored Petri net (CPN), which was determining vulne-rabilities in hole location but couldn’t identify any attack path, and the problem of when the introduction of the attacker model, the number of possible message paths in the CPN formal model of security protocol surges the state space prone to explosion, which made it difficult to extract accurate attack paths, the formal modeling method of security protocol was improved base on CPN, the attack paths were verified and extracted, further the fine-grained protocol modeling and control were adopted. As well as in the aspect of state-space convergence, and a waiting-sync method for different processes of CPN model in each hierarchy model was proposed, which effectively controlled the state-space scale of the model. Through the security evaluation and analysis of TMN protocol, 25 attack paths of the protocol are extracted suc-cessfully, the security of the protocol is evaluated, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved.Keywords: colored Petri net, security protocol, formal analysis, state space, attack path1 引言安全协议已成为现代计算机网络正常运转的基础，但由于其设计阶段的规范缺失和不可避免的逻辑缺陷，常会带来潜在的安全隐患，使各种协议的开发和安全性验证成为一项艰巨的任务[1]。

【转帖】Materials-Studio 论坛问答全集（精选众多论坛讨论贴）★★wuli8(金币+2):感谢分享2010-03-05 15:24Materials-Studio 论坛问答全集（精选众多论坛讨论贴）转载其它论坛的贴子，希望对于新手有所帮助！不会找我要版权吧，怕怕！字体: 小中大| 打印发表于: 2008-1-05 15:03 作者: matsim 来源: 材料计算模拟社区1、问：用MS构造晶体时要先确立空间群,可是那些空间群的代码是啥意思啊,看不懂,我想做的是聚乙烯醇的晶体,嘿嘿,也不知道去哪可以查到它的空间群答：A、要做晶体，首先要查询晶体数据，然后利用晶体数据再建立模型。

晶体数据来源主要是文献，或者一些数据库，比如CCDC。

你都不知道这个晶体是怎么样的，怎么指定空间群呢？要反过来做事情哦：）B、我不知道你指示的代码是数字代码还是字母代码,数字代码它对应了字母的代码，而字母的代码它含盖了一些群论的知识(晶系,对称操作等),如果要具体了解你的物质或者材料属于那一个群，你可以查阅一下相关的手册,当然你要了解一些基本的群论知识.MS自带了一些材料的晶体结构,你可以查询一下.2、问：各位高手，我用ms中的castep进行运算。

无论cpu是几个核心，它只有一个核心在工作。

这个怎么解决呢？答：请先确认以下几个问题：1，在什么系统下装，是否装了并行版本。

2，计算时设置参数的地方是否选择了并行。

3，程序运算时，并不是时时刻刻都要用到多个CPU3、问：我已经成功地安装了MS3.1的Linux版本，串行的DMol3可以成功运行。

但是运行并行的时候出错。

机器是双Xeon5320(四核)服务器，rsh和rlogin均开启，RHEL4.6系统。

其中hosts.equiv的内容如下：localhostibm-consolemachines.LINUX的内容如下：localhost:8现在运行RunDMol3.sh时，脚本停在$MS_INSTALL_ROOT/MPICH/bin/mpirun $nolocal -np $nproc $MS_INSTALL_ROOT/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exe $rootname$DMOL3_DATA这一处，没法执行这一命令并行运算时，出现以下PIxxxx(x为数字)输出ibm-console 0 /home/www/MSI/MS3.1/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exelocalhost 3 /home/www/MSI/MS3.1/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exe请问这是什么原因？谢谢！答：主要是rsh中到ibm-console的没有设置把/etc/hosts改为127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ibm-console在后面加个ibm-console也希望对大家有帮助!4、问：在最后结果的dos图中,会显示不同电子spd的贡献,我想问的是,假设MS考虑的原子Mg的电子组态为2p6 3s2,那么最后的dos结果中的s,p是不是就是2p,跟3s的贡献.比如更高能量的3p是否可能出现在dos中?如果可能的话，在这种情况下,如何区分2p和3p的贡献,谢谢.答：A、取决于你的餍势势里面没有3p电子，DOS怎么会有呢？自然，你的1p1s也不会出现在你的DOS中。