科技文本的翻译

中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people 发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 农业技术agricultural technology[扩展]白色农业 white agriculture （microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture）超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products 农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops 生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机，传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object （UFO）操作系统operating system产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS （anti-lock braking system）孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA （personal digital assistant）工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）计算机中央处理器central processing unit（CPU）技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.技术密集产品technology-intensive product交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive for ce科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine （ATM）自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术[扩展]信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA - Information Technology Agreement 信息检索information retri办公自动化OA （Office Automation）笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer 电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL （Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop）高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS （bulletin board system）光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网WAN （wide area net word）汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software黑客hacker计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI -computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU - central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol （HTTP）界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN - local area network互联网服务提供商ISP （Internet Service Provider）全球移动通信系统（全球通）global system for mobile communications （GSM）刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网（计算机）Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug 人工智能AI - artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual human虚拟网virtual net虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web（WWW）应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory （ROM）智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi （High Fidelity）高清晰度电视high definition TV （HDTV）光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber port数字地球digital globe数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析] “蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。

浅谈科技文本的翻译方法摘要随着科学技术日新月异，国际交流日益频繁，科技英语的翻译也因此而逐渐发展起来。

为了更好地实现科技英语翻译的交际功能，科技文本适用的翻译方法也是当今科技翻译工作者研究和关注的焦点。

本文针对科技文本的翻译方法与技巧进行探讨，旨在提高翻译质量。

关键词科技文本；翻译方法；专业术语；句子翻译首先靠考虑的就是语篇风格，科技文本的翻译与文学类等其他文体翻译相比，有其自己的独特性[1]。

第一，科技文本的主要目的是传授知识、为人们提供新的科技内容，所以不像文学作品那样重在生动的描写或多用表现文采的修辞手法，而是着重把握文体的科学性、逻辑性和客观性。

科技文本用语不讲究华丽，但内容必须表达精准，要体现科技文体科学严谨的特性；第二，从语用学的角度来看，科技文本重点在于准确表达内容，无须带有任何主观成分，以客观的表达方式叙述事实和真理，以显示其科学性。

科技文体不存在夸张夸大的语句，更不存在华丽的辞藻，表达方式大多平铺直叙、逻辑性强。

因此，科技文本的翻译也必须按照一定的原则进行，一要准确，就是理解和表达科技内容、科技术语、语言形式、逻辑关系、符号公式、图表数字等要准确无误，要忠实于原文；二要简洁，就是用词、造句、行文要简洁明了，精炼通顺；三要规范，就是语言、文字、术语、简称、符号、公式、语体、计量单位等都要规范统一，符合国家和国际标准。

这三条翻译标准是密切联系的，在翻译实践中应同时兼顾，根据具体情况灵活运用。

必须要把握好原语文本的语篇风格才能保证科技文本翻译之后的客观性和真实性。

确定科技文本翻译的整体风格后，接下来要考虑的是句子的翻译。

科技文体中，作者常用的几种句子结构包括被动语态、名词化结构、第三人称和一般现在时等。

由于英汉两种语言的巨大差异，使得科技文体的这些特征在翻译时都无法保留或无须保留，必须保留的是其中的语法意义和所传达的信息。

因此，句法作为语言的外壳有时可以舍弃。

比如被动语态在汉语中不常用，翻译时应尽量使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，转换成主动语态。

科技文本翻译Technology has evolved rapidly in recent years, and this has had a profound impact on our daily lives. From smartphones to smart homes, technology has become increasingly integrated into every aspect of our lives. In this article, we will explore the challenges and opportunities presented by this technological revolution.One of the biggest challenges we face is the ever-increasing amount of data being generated. Every day, we create massive amounts of data through our online activities, social media posts, and interactions with smart devices. This data can be extremely valuable for businesses and organizations, as it can provide insights into consumer behavior and preferences. However, managing and analyzing such large volumes of data is no easy task. This has given rise to the field of big data analytics, which involves using advanced algorithms and techniques to extract meaningful information from huge data sets. By harnessing the power of big data, businesses can gain a competitive edge and make more informed decisions.Another challenge we face is the rapid pace of technological advancements. New technologies are being developed and introduced at an unprecedented rate. This constant stream of innovations presents both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, it allows us to improve our productivity and efficiency, and develop new products and services that can greatly improve our lives. On the other hand, it also requires us to constantly adapt and learn new skills in order to keep up with the changing technological landscape. Lifelong learning has become more important than ever, as we need to continuously update ourknowledge and skills to stay relevant in the job market.The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is another significant development in the field of technology. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as language translation, image recognition, and decision-making. AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries, from healthcare to transportation to finance. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and ethics. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, there is a fear that many jobs will become automated, leading to unemployment. Additionally, there are ethical questions surrounding AI, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the potential for bias in decision-making algorithms.Despite these challenges, the technological revolution also presents immense opportunities. For example, advancements in renewable energy technologies can help us transition to a more sustainable future and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The Internet of Things (IoT), which refers to the network of interconnected devices and objects, has the potential to greatly improve our quality of life by enabling us to remotely control and monitor our homes, cars, and appliances. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are also opening up new possibilities in fields like gaming, entertainment, and education.In conclusion, the rapid advancement of technology has brought about many challenges, from managing big data to keeping pace with new innovations. However, it also presents numerous opportunities for improving our lives and solving global issues. Aswe navigate this technological revolution, it is important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and addressing the potential risks and concerns it brings. Only by doing so can we fully harness the power of technology to create a better future for all.。

科技文本：科学专著、科学论文、实验报告、工程技术说明、科技文献、科普文献等•一、科技文本的特点与英译原则•（1）特点：用词严谨、准确，行文规范，逻辑严密，注重客观性，一般不带个人感情色彩。

已经从ESP中形成一个分支：EST.•（2）英译原则：• a.用词多样化，专业术语多，使用缩略语•purely technical words:•nuclear physics: proton（质子）, neutron（中子）, electron（电子）, reactor（核反应堆）, radioactivity（放射性）.•semi-technical words:•fastener（建筑扣件）, carrier（车床底座）, gear switch（齿轮开关）, clamp（夹钳）, spade（铁铲）.•non-technical words:•vapourate, minimize, reciprocate（报酬）科技文本缩略语的翻译：•（1）首字母缩写（acronym）•PC:Personal Computer•IDDD:International direct distance dialiry•DNA:dexoxybonucleic acid•DOS:Disc operation system•CPU:Central processing unit•Telecom:telecommunication•(2)拼凑法•Sicom:situation comedy Biorhythm:Biological rhythm Comsat:communication satellite Minicom:miniature computer •Psywar:psychological war Telecon:telephone conferenceb.语法特点：多用一般现在时；c.名词化现象，注意转换（汉语-动态语言，英语-静态语言）•eg.The house is under construction.•(The house is being constructed.)•例句：中国已经成功地发射了第一课实验通讯卫星。

（一）科技英语特点和翻译原则科技文本：科学专著、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。

科技文本的特点：用词非常严谨，行文规范,注重客观；描述平易，一般不带感情色彩；准确，正式，逻辑严密。

1。

科技英语的词汇。

i. 普通词汇ii．半专业词汇半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定e.g。

：1。

pencil光学中：光纤锥，射束机械中：metal pencil 焊条2。

concentration1)Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons。

（浓度）2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible。

（富集）iii．专业词汇i.词义专一，构成呈多样化,前后词缀，如：auto—, a-, semi—,micro-等。

ii.外来词多2.科技英语中长句较多，汉译英时注意拆分科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英语.长句特点是从句和短语多，同时兼有并列结构或省略，倒装顺序,结构显得复杂。

但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。

见4。

e。

g。

3.科技英语专业术语性强,汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。

专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料给概念以约定俗成的译名e。

g。

：药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period”肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity”科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多，需勤查相关专业词典或参考书，采用公认的缩略形式。

e.g。

：“原始地面线”（Original Ground Surface）可用“OGS"“最优含水量"（Optimal Moisture Content）可用“OMC”4.科技英语大量使用抽象名词和介词，汉译英时应当注意动态语言和静态语言的转化。