CET4 Practice Test 5

Section A 11. M: I know I ought to call home, but I’ve got a plane to take and I may be late. W: But it only takes a minute. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 【解析】选[D]。

⼥⼠所说的But it only takes a minute意为“但是(给家⾥)打个电话只需⼀分钟”，标明她建议男⼠现在就打电话，故选[D]。

12. W: Why didn’t you go to the dancing party last night? M: If I’d remembered to check the mailbox, I might have found your note. Q: What does the man imply? 【解析】选[D]。

⼥⼠问男⼠为什么没有参加昨晚的舞会，男⼠说如果他记着查看邮箱，也许他会发现⼥⼠的留⾔(note)。

这是虚拟语⽓表假设，实际上男⼠没查看邮箱，所以不知道有舞会，也没去参加舞会，选项[D] 符合题意。

选项[C]的错误在于他根本就没有查看邮箱，⽽不是没有发现留⾔。

13. M: Are you going to run for Student Union VP this year? W: I would, but it eats up a lot of my time. If no one runs, I might, but let’s hope someone does. Q: What will the woman probably do? 【解析】选[A]。

run for指“竞选”；VP是“Vice President(副主席)”的缩写；eat up指“耗费，耗尽”。

14. M: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy this time of day. W: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I never drive any more. Q: What are the two speakers talking about? 【解析】选[C]。

CET4全真模拟测试近年来，随着全球经济的发展和交流的日益频繁，英语作为一门国际通用语言的重要性日益凸显。

对于中国大多数学生来说，英语考试已经成为他们学习生涯中的一道重要关口。

其中，CET4作为普通高校学生必须通过的英语考试之一，更是备受关注。

为了帮助学生更好地应对CET4考试，下面将为大家提供一份全真模拟测试，希望大家认真对待，取得理想的成绩。

第一部分：听力理解（共30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）请听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What are the speakers trying to do?A. Borrow a pen.B. Buy a pencil.C. Find some paper.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a theater.B. In a studio.C. In a zoo.3. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Stop crying.B. Change her mind.C. Go on a trip.4. What will the woman do next?A. See a play.B. Watch a movie.C. Buy a ticket.5. What time will the meeting start?A. At 7:00 am.B. At 7:30 am.C. At 8:00 am.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）请听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

Test 5.Section A11. A) The man has to fill in another form.B) The man has to pay $200 per night for the room.C) The man should pay $200 as security for the roomD) The man doesn’t have $200.12. A) At a bank B) On the StreetC) At home D) In a café13. A) Frank always comes on timeB) Frank will be late againC) Frank will arrive on timeD) Frank won’t come.14. A) A house wife B) A secretaryC) A waitress D) An air hostess15. A) The train will arrive on time.B) The train is late due to the storm.C) The woman will take the next train.D) The woman has to wait for the train.16. A) Boating B) runningC) Walking D)Driving17. A) Fifty minutes B) twenty-five minutesC) An hour and a quarter D) An hour and five minutes18. A) The two persons are taking about a lost wallet.B). The woman is asking the way.C). The man is not from around here.D). The man is showing the woman around.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard19. A) The gir l’s father B) The girl’s teacherC) The girl’s friend D) An interviewer20. A) Separating different types of garbageB) Disposing of trash properlyC) Having a family clean-up partyD) Placing more trashcans on the streets21. A) Save money B) Cut down treesC) Protect the forests D) Keep the environment clean22. A) Visit a recycling center B) Clean a neighborhood parkC) Collect newspapers D) Meet her friends in her neighborhood Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard23. A) Leisure sporting activitiesB) Average age of athletesC) Durability of sporting equipmentD) Public’s impression of the company24. A) Target the 18-to-26-year-old age groupB) Sell tennis racketsC) Carry more athletic shoesD) Make an appealing slogan25. A) Because they have more buying powerB) Because they enjoy sports more than young peopleC) Because they become more health consciousD) Because they are less energetic than young peopleSection BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) 5 million B) 38.6 million C) 3.2 million D) 41.8 million27. A) Because they are too weak to workB) Because they need to seek treatmentC) Because people are prejudiced against themD) Because they are embarrassed to face others28. A) Lack of money, discrimination, and people’s educationB) Children’s infectionC) The threat of AIDS to people of the developing worldD) The unemployment of the people infected with HIVPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard29. A) To give a lecture to all the students in a large class one or two times a weekB) To give tests and read any homework or reports students may be required to writeC) To meet individual students seeking helpD) To attend teaching meetings30. A) They are required to take two English speaking testsB) They must take one English speaking testC) They are required to write an applicationD) They must squeeze enough time each week31. A) The state government B) The local governmentC) The college or university D) A foreign student’s native country Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard32. A) The child seems sadB) The child occasionally feels blue or downC) His or her sadness lasts for a rather long period of timeD) He or she feels life has its ups and downs33. A) Because psychologists and related persons can almost always cure itB) Because it’s a period almost every child must experienceC) Because it lasts a short period of timeD) Because more and more parents and doctors begin to attach importance toit.34. A) The child becomes angry easilyB) The child has trouble getting along with other kidsC) The child’s performance in school is poorD) The child talks too much in class35. A) When your child occasionally complains about a physical discomfort likeheadacheB) When your child exhibits all the symptoms of depressionC) When the symptoms interfere with your child’s ability to function at home or in schoolD) When your child grieves over a loss for days at a timeSection CWomen in United States and in many other countries (36)______ in a growing number of sports and games. This has not always been the (37)______. However, women have not been as active in sports as men. Only in (38)______ years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. Until the twentieth century, women did not often take part in sports.Part of the (39)______ for this is that women simply didn’t have time. Many women cooked, cleaned, and took care of children. They were so busy that they didn’t have time for sports. A second reason, especially in the late (40)______ century, is that a woman’s (41)______ at that time was one of frailty, illness, and (42)______. In the Victorian era, people thought that it was unladylike for a woman to be (43)______ in any sports activity.There have been changes in the view of women in the modern world, and also changes within the world of sports.(44)_____________________________________________________. The general view of women has changed substantially since the Victorian era.(45)____________.Women who win in sports activities are highly regarded.(46)_____________________________. This development is partly the result of a change of women in the modern world.Section A11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D16. D 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. CSection B26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30.B31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. CSection C36. participate 37. case 38. recent 39. explanation40. nineteen 41. image 42. delicacy 43. involved44. the changes have allowed many more women to participate in sports like men do in recent years.45. Women are no longer considered delicate and people do not think it is unladylike for a woman to compete in sports.46. Many women now take part in sports and games of many different kinds, and enjoy doing so with much interest.。

新标准大学英语综合教程答案4Unit-test5．Unit test 5Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.stigma?animated ?decidedly ?etiquette ?linguistic ?entrusted ?eloquent ?availability ?undermine ? intellectual ?he poet gave an incrediblyT1. speecheloquentand brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquenthat's the proper2. required for eatingW etiquette dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3. My daughter shows a(n) curiosity intellectual not usual for someone so young. Your answer Correct answer intellectual intellectual4. I like the debate team at school because wealways have such conversations.animated Correct answer Your answeranimated animated5. What's your to go fishing next availability weekend?Your answer Correct answer availability availabilitywith their father'sHer brother was6. entrusted fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answerentrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through muchof her life feeling like there was a(n)connected to her skin color. stigma Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8. Don't question my decisions and my undermine authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9. It's obvious that Kevin has amazing abilities since he's fluent in sixlinguistic languages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguisticThe final score of the game was 20-3, 10.making it a(n) unfair competition. decidedly Correct answer Your answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.ven if I don't win the award, it's still an honorE 11.to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets andI can'timagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple'm one of two vice-presidents, and my_____13. Iat the other office will be your main point of contact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. Always be kind is the _____ rule I expect myemployees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevantis time in office was marked by _____ affairsH15.and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyb. herebyc. standbyd. passerby17. C hoosing not to hire someone based on theirrace or sex is a textbook example of_____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. T ony gets _____ if he drinks too much, andhe's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. W hat was the suspect's _____ to killGene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. A fter all these years, I still _____ that it wasn'tmy fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendd. pretendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21. She entrusted me managing the entirewith staff this week.Your answer Correct answerwith with22. They managed to catch the opposing playerguard and score a goal. off Your answer Correct answeroff off23. Tony has been described both a lover as and a hater.Correct answer Your answeras asthe occasional cup of tea, I neverOther 24. thandrink caffeine.Correct answerYour answerthan thanI think it goes 25. saying that I want to go without to college.Your answer Correct answerwithout without26. Diane wrote an article to the effect menthat and women were equal in all respects. Your answer Correct answerthat that27. Let's rake the suspect's answers andover see if we can find some clues.Your answer Correct answerover overthese forms and have a seat;Please fill 28. outsomeone will be with you shortly. Correct answer Your answerout outaccount29. Remember to take yard work into when you figure how much free time youhave this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30. It's not a good idea to make sarcastic commentsyour previous boss duringabout a job interview.Your answer Correct answer about aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world , or based on thecultures are (31)patriarchal superiority of the father or husband. Why do youof(32)think this is so? There are a(n) myriadexplanations, but many of them can be tracedstereotypes:(33)back to the basic masculine strength, power, and dominance. Throughouthistory and around the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures, or based on the(34)that are actually matriarchal superiority of the mother or wife? No one canto know the precise reason for(35presume why they developed differently, but it isinteresting to theorize. One particularly (36 fact is that most of these culturesrevealing have a strong agricultural tradition and, hence, astrong female role in society.One of the major tenets of the(37)feminism movement is that modern women should not berestricted by traditional roles and theirsubservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automatically (38) them for the same rights anddisqualifies privileges that men enjoy.Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will falloff the edge. Thisanonymous(39quote perfectly captures the essence of the modernfeminist movement. Elevating the female genderto be completely equal with men should be the(40 cause of everyone everywhere.singular Your answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) mmyriad yriad asculine m (33) masculine (34) matriarchal matriarchal presume p(35) resume revealing (36) revealingfeminism feminism (37) disqualifies (38) disqualifies quote q(39) uotesingular (40) ingular sPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate ourthoughts and ideas to others but also helps usunderstand the world and how others think. Wordsand ideas convey much more than the basicinformation we use them for. Our choice of words,examples, context, and grammatical structure allcontribute to forming a picture of ourselves and ourworld view. However, language is not a neutralvehicle in the representation of reality, and the mereexistence of non-sexist and feminist terms does notguarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everydayspeech are overtly coded with sexist or genderedunderstandings which distract from their true intent.The only way to truly create a neutral language is toeliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encodedterms and replace them with new ones. However,even this is not a guarantee that the words will beused in the intended manner or even that thecultural understandings which are attached to thenon-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use oflanguage can not, very feasibly, be changed simplythrough the replacement of certain words or terms.With the same cultural understanding in place, thenew terms will only be appropriated to mean orsignify the same thing as the old ones. There isinherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship.Another implied sexist use of language is thetendency to refer to inanimate objects in English(with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This isseen in references to boats, planes, or cars asfeminine. Perhaps the most widely-used example ofthis is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, menhave treated nature as they treat women—assomething to be subdued, exploited, and admired.Our concepts of gender and the relation of thoseconcepts to reality are reflected in our choice ofwords and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirelyentrenched in our understanding of theworld.Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender andthe differences between men and women arereflected in language use. When gender neutral orfeminine terms are introduced into a society stilldominated by men, their intended neutrality isequals thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man will manhuman (linguistically and culturally), thenis always be the standard against which woman measured.hich of the following would make the best W 41.title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How OurWords Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How EnglishSets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why WeThink the Way We Dofter reading this passage, what can you infer42. Aabout the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connectionbetween language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural andsexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express culturalunderstanding.43. Historically, men have treated nature as theytreat women—as something to be subdued,exploited, and admired. This statement establishes a _____ to use language in aparticular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standardhich paragraph introduces a discussion of W 44.the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. W hat is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use issexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directlyrelated.D. Many inanimate objects are givengenders in speech.。

新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 5 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.•stigma•animated•decidedly•etiquette•linguistic•entrusted•eloquent•availability•undermine•intellectual1.tears.Your answer Correct answereloquent eloquent2.Your answer Correct answeretiquette etiquette3.young.Your answer Correct answerintellectual intellectual4. I like the debate team at school because we always have suchYour answer Correct answeranimated animated5.Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Your answer Correct answerentrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.employees!Your answer Correct answerundermine undermine9.languages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Even if I don't win the award, it's still an honor to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets and I can't imagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple13. I'm one of two vice-presidents, and my _____ at the other office will be your main point ofcontact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. "Always be kind" is the _____ rule I expect my employees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevant15. His time in office was marked by _____ affairs and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____ increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyb. herebyc. standbyd. passerby17. Choosing not to hire someone based on their race or sex is a textbook example of _____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. Tony gets _____ if he drinks too much, and he's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. What was the suspect's _____ to kill Gene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. After all these years, I still _____ that it wasn't my fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendd. pretendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.Your answer Correct answerwith with22.Your answer Correct answeroff off23.Your answer Correct answeras as24.Your answer Correct answerthan than25.Your answer Correct answerwithout without26.Your answer Correct answerthat that27.Your answer Correct answerover over28.Your answer Correct answerout out29.have this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30.interview.Your answer Correct answerabout aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world cultures aresuperiority of the father or husband. Why do you think this is so? There are a(n)around the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures that are actuallybased on the superiority of the mother or wife? No one canprecise reason for why they developed differently, but it is interesting to theorize. One particularlyhence, a strong female role in society.One of the major tenets of theshould not be restricted by traditional roles and their subservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automaticallyprivileges that men enjoy."Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall offthe edge." This anonymousfeminist movement. Elevating the female gender to be completely equal with men should be theYour answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singularPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others but also helps us understand the world and how others think. Words and ideas convey much more than the basic information we use them for. Our choice of words, examples, context, and grammatical structure all contribute to forming a picture of ourselves and our world view. However, language is not a neutral vehicle in the representation of reality, and the mere existence of non-sexist and feminist terms does not guarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everyday speech are overtly coded with sexist or gendered understandings which distract from their true intent. The only way to truly create a neutral language is to eliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encoded terms and replace them with new ones. However, even this is not a guarantee that the words will be used in the intended manner or even that the cultural understandings which are attached to the non-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use of language can not, very feasibly, be changed simply through the replacement of certain words or terms. With the same cultural understanding in place, the new terms will only be appropriated to mean or signify the same thing as the old ones. There is inherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship. Another implied sexist use of language is the tendency to refer to inanimate objects in English (with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This is seen in references to boats, planes, or cars as feminine. Perhaps the most widely-used example of this is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited, and admired. Our concepts of gender and the relation of those concepts to reality are reflected in our choice of words and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirely entrenched in our understanding of the world. Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender and the differences between men and women are reflected in language use. When gender neutral or feminine terms are introduced into a society still dominated bymen, their intended neutrality is thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man equals human (linguistically and culturally), then man will always be the standard against which woman is measured.41. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How Our Words Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How English Sets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why We Think the Way We Do42. After reading this passage, what can you infer about the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connection between language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural and sexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express cultural understanding.43. "Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited,and admired." This statement establishes a _____ to use language in a particular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standard44. Which paragraph introduces a discussion of the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use is sexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directly related.D. Many inanimate objects are given genders in speech. 历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清on on28.My ankle is still sore, so I'm afraid I'm going to have to sit outthis game.Your answer Correct answeroutout29.The spare bedroom doubles asmy home office.Your answer Correct answerasas30.The presidents talked about, amongother things, the peace treaty between theircountries.Your answer Correct answeramongamongPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is truly (31)shabbythat people nowadays don't know nearly enough aboutancient civilizations. In the Western world, the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome gave rise to the popular idea of (32)democracythat is central to many modern governments. Democraticgovernments sometimes are derided as a(n) (33)fallacyin today's world—manypeople don't feel as if they truly have a meaningful voice. However, there were cities (particularly in Greece) where the democratic ideal was born and every citizen truly had a powerful voice.Remarkably, we know this is the case because many documents have survived. Histo rians can verify their (34)mightby dating the paper, so we can (35)unhesitatinglydeclare that they are legitimate. Linguists are able to (36)decipherthe ancientlanguages used in the documents, and we are therefore able to benefit from the wis dom inscribed on those pages. In addition, researchers can use (37) archaeologyto uncover the physicalremains of ancient villages. We have discovered that homes were a uniform size and most people lived as relative equals.I find it truly (38)lamentableto hear people say that there's nothing we can learn fromhistory. Even if only a small (39)fragmentof the wisdom of ancient Greece survived untiltoday, we would be better off. Indeed, it is an amazing thing to realize that our (40) destinyas a people, our future, depends on our knowledge and understanding ofour past.Your answer Correct answer (31) shabby lamentable (32) democracy d emocracy (33) fallacy fallacy (34) might authenticity (35) unhesitatinglyunhesitatingly (36) decipher decipher (37) archaeology archaeology (38) lamentable offensive (39) fragment fragment (40)destinydestinyPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Museums, as places of cultural significance, find their roots in the classical world. Anc ient Greece and Rome constructed and valued "museums," though they were largely centers of philosophical thought, rather than repositories of valuable objects. Neverth eless, the ancient world still had public collections of objects which resembled the mo dern concept of a museum. Greek temples and Roman forums often displayed gold a nd silver offerings, sculptures, and paintings.During the 15th century, the modern concept of museums came into fashion in Euro pe. During the following few centuries, museums such as the Ashmolean Museum, th e Vatican museums, the British Museum, and the Louvre were founded and opened. The first modern museums began as private collections of wealthy individuals who a massed extensive collections and then exhibited them for public viewing. The moder n museum has been described as "a product of Renaissance humanism, eighteenth-century enlightenment, and nineteenth-century democracy." These first museums were, however, rarely accessible to the pu blic beyond the upper classes.Until the 18th century, museums were chiefly concerned with collecting the beautiful and the curious, and this was often done for personal interests. During the 19th and 20th centuries, however, museums and cultural institutions proliferated throughout E urope and the United States. It was during this intense period of proliferation that th e concept of the museum as something more than just a storehouse for invaluable tr easures was developed. Museums began to dedicate themselves to collection, conser vation, preservation, and research. Natural history, science, and art museums becam e scholarly centers of academic research and thought. Once museums and other cult ural institutions became public, exhibition became a much more predominant concer n. Preexisting museum goals (e.g., collection, conservation, and preservation) sudde nly became the means to procure interesting and desirable exhibitions. Museums in the United States developed slowly. Charles Wilson Peale founded his na tural history museum in the late 18th century in Philadelphia, and he is considered th e first great American museum director. In 1846, James Smithson made a bequest to the United States "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge" which led to the dev elopment of the Smithsonian Institution. The United States finally made itsmark on the development of the modern museum in 1870 with the founding of the A merican Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Throughout the 20th century, museums and other cultural institutions began to focus on education. American museums, especial ly, are devoted to public education in their specific areas of expertise. Many such org anizations have also transformed themselves into cultural centers with performing art s, music, and film presentations.41. Which of the following museums was the first to open?A. Metropolitan Museum of Art.B. Smithsonian Institution.C. British Museum.D. Peale's Natural History Museum.42. With which of the following statements would the author of this passage NOT ag ree?A. Museums in the classical world were very similar to museums in the 19th century .B. The modern museum developed over several hundred years.C. Modern museums have many priorities other than collecting.D. The earliest museums were only accessible to the wealthy.43. According to this passage, the modern concept of museums dates back to _____ .A. the classical worldB. the 15th centuryC. the 18th centuryD. the 20th century44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. a historical survey45. Modern museums tend to focus on all of the following EXCEPT _____.A. conservationB. philosophical thoughtC. preservationD. educationts, music, and film presentations.。

新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 5 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.•stigma•animated•decidedly•etiquette•linguistic•entrusted•eloquent•availability•undermine•intellectual1.The poet gave an incredibly eloquentspeech and brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquent2.What's the proper etiquetterequired for eating dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3.My daughter shows a(n) intellectualcuriosity not usual for someone so young.Your answer Correct answer intellectual intellectual4.I like the debate team at school because we always have such animatedconversations.Your answer Correct answer animated animated5.What's your availabilityto go fishing next weekend?Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Her brother was entrustedwith their father's fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answer entrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)stigmaconnected to her skin color.Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.Don't question my decisions and underminemy authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9.It's obvious that Kevin has amazing linguisticabilities since he's fluent in sixlanguages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.The final score of the game was 20-3, making it a(n) decidedlyunfair competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Even if I don't win the award, it's still an honor to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets and I can't imagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple13. I'm one of two vice-presidents, and my _____ at the other office will be your main point ofcontact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. "Always be kind" is the _____ rule I expect my employees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevant15. His time in office was marked by _____ affairs and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____ increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyb. herebyc. standbyd. passerby17. Choosing not to hire someone based on their race or sex is a textbook example of _____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. Tony gets _____ if he drinks too much, and he's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. What was the suspect's _____ to kill Gene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. After all these years, I still _____ that it wasn't my fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendd. pretendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.She entrusted me withmanaging the entire staff this week.Your answer Correct answer with with22.They managed to catch the opposing player offguard and score a goal.Your answer Correct answer off off23.Tony has been described asboth a lover and a hater.Your answer Correct answer as as24.Other thanthe occasional cup of tea, I never drink caffeine.Your answer Correct answerthan than25.I think it goes withoutsaying that I want to go to college.Your answer Correct answer without without26.Diane wrote an article to the effect thatmen and women were equal in all respects.Your answer Correct answer that that27.Let's rake overthe suspect's answers and see if we can find some clues.Your answer Correct answerover over28.Please fill outthese forms and have a seat; someone will be with you shortly.Your answer Correct answerout out29.Remember to take yard work intoaccount when you figure how much free time youhave this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30.It's not a good idea to make sarcastic comments aboutyour previous boss during a jobinterview.Your answer Correct answerabout aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world cultures are (31)patriarchal, or based on thesuperiority of the father or husband. Why do you think this is so? There are a(n)(32)myriadof explanations, but many of them can be traced back to the basic(33)masculinestereotypes: strength, power, and dominance. Throughout history andaround the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures that are actually (34)matriarchal, orbased on the superiority of the mother or wife? No one can (35)presumeto know theprecise reason for why they developed differently, but it is interesting to theorize. One particularly(36)revealingfact is that most of these cultures have a strong agricultural tradition and,hence, a strong female role in society.One of the major tenets of the (37)feminismmovement is that modern womenshould not be restricted by traditional roles and their subservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automatically (38)disqualifiesthem for the same rights andprivileges that men enjoy."Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall offthe edge." This anonymous (39)quoteperfectly captures the essence of the modernfeminist movement. Elevating the female gender to be completely equal with men should be the(40)singularcause of everyone everywhere.Your answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singularPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others but also helps us understand the world and how others think. Words and ideas convey much more than the basic information we use them for. Our choice of words, examples, context, and grammatical structure all contribute to forming a picture of ourselves and our world view. However, language is not a neutral vehicle in the representation of reality, and the mere existence of non-sexist and feminist terms does not guarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everyday speech are overtly coded with sexist or gendered understandings which distract from their true intent. The only way to truly create a neutral language is to eliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encoded terms and replace them with new ones. However, even this is not a guarantee that the words will be used in the intended manner or even that the cultural understandings which are attached to the non-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use of language can not, very feasibly, be changed simply through the replacement of certain words or terms. With the samecultural understanding in place, the new terms will only be appropriated to mean or signify the same thingas the old ones. There is inherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship. Anotherimplied sexist use of language is the tendency to refer to inanimate objects in English (with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This is seen in references to boats, planes, or cars as feminine. Perhaps the mostwidely-used example of this is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited, and admired. Our concepts of gender and the relation ofthose concepts to reality are reflected in our choice of words and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirely entrenched in our understanding of the world.Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender and the differences between men and women are reflectedin language use. When gender neutral or feminine terms are introduced into a society still dominated bymen, their intended neutrality is thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man equals human (linguistically and culturally), then man will always be the standard against which woman is measured.41. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How Our Words Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How English Sets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why We Think the Way We Do42. After reading this passage, what can you infer about the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connection between language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural and sexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express cultural understanding.43. "Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued,exploited, and admired." This statement establishes a _____ to use language in a particular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standard44. Which paragraph introduces a discussion of the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use is sexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directly related.D. Many inanimate objects are given genders in speech.历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清on on28.My ankle is still sore, so I'm afraid I'm going to have to sit out this game.Your answer Correct answeroutout29.The spare bedroom doubles asmy home office.Your answer Correct answerasas30.The presidents talked about, amongother things, the peace treaty between theircountries.Your answer Correct answeramongamongPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is truly (31)shabbythat people nowadays don't know nearly enough aboutancient civilizations. In the Western world, the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome gave rise to the popular idea of (32)democracythat is central to many modern governments. Democraticgovernments sometimes are derided as a(n) (33)fallacyin today's world—manypeople don't feel as if they truly have a meaningful voice. However, there were cities (particularly in Greece) where the democratic ideal was born and every citizen truly had a powerful voice.Remarkably, we know this is the case because many documents have survived. Histo rians can verify their (34)mightby dating the paper, so we can (35)unhesitatinglydeclare that they are legitimate. Linguists are able to (36)decipherthe ancientlanguages used in the documents, and we are therefore able to benefit from the wis dom inscribed on those pages. In addition, researchers can use (37) archaeologyto uncover the physicalremains of ancient villages. We have discovered that homes were a uniform size and most people lived as relative equals.I find it truly (38)lamentableto hear people say that there's nothing we can learn fromhistory. Even if only a small (39)fragmentof the wisdom of ancient Greece survived untiltoday, we would be better off. Indeed, it is an amazing thing to realize that our (40) destinyas a people, our future, depends on our knowledge and understanding ofour past.Your answer Correct answer (31) shabby lamentable (32) democracy d emocracy (33) fallacy fallacy (34) might authenticity (35) unhesitatingly unhesitatingly (36) decipher decipher (37) archaeology archaeology (38) lamentable offensive (39) fragment fragment (40)destinydestinyPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Museums, as places of cultural significance, find their roots in the classical world. Anc ient Greece and Rome constructed and valued "museums," though they were largely centers of philosophical thought, rather than repositories of valuable objects. Neverth eless, the ancient world still had public collections of objects which resembled the mo dern concept of a museum. Greek temples and Roman forums often displayed gold a nd silver offerings, sculptures, and paintings.During the 15th century, the modern concept of museums came into fashion in Euro pe. During the following few centuries, museums such as the Ashmolean Museum, th e Vatican museums, the British Museum, and the Louvre were founded and opened. The first modern museums began as private collections of wealthy individuals who a massed extensive collections and then exhibited them for public viewing. The moder n museum has been described as "a product of Renaissance humanism, eighteenth-century enlightenment, and nineteenth-century democracy." These first museums were, however, rarely accessible to the pu blic beyond the upper classes.Until the 18th century, museums were chiefly concerned with collecting the beautiful and the curious, and this was often done for personal interests. During the 19th and 20th centuries, however, museums and cultural institutions proliferated throughout E urope and the United States. It was during this intense period of proliferation that th e concept of the museum as something more than just a storehouse for invaluable tr easures was developed. Museums began to dedicate themselves to collection, conser vation, preservation, and research. Natural history, science, and art museums becam e scholarly centers of academic research and thought. Once museums and other cult ural institutions became public, exhibition became a much more predominant concer n. Preexisting museum goals ., collection, conservation, and preservation) suddenly b ecame the means to procure interesting and desirable exhibitions.Museums in the United States developed slowly. Charles Wilson Peale founded his na tural history museum in the late 18th century in Philadelphia, and he is considered th e first great American museum director. In 1846, James Smithson made a bequest to the United States "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge" which led to the dev elopment of the Smithsonian Institution. The United States finally made itsmark on the development of the modern museum in 1870 with the founding of the A merican Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Throughout the 20th century, museums and other cultural institutions began to focus on education. American museums, especial ly, are devoted to public education in their specific areas of expertise. Many such organizations have also transformed themselves into cultural centers with performing art s, music, and film presentations.41. Which of the following museums was the first to open?A. Metropolitan Museum of Art.B. Smithsonian Institution.C. British Museum.D. Peale's Natural History Museum.42. With which of the following statements would the author of this passage NOT ag ree?A. Museums in the classical world were very similar to museums in the 19th century .B. The modern museum developed over several hundred years.C. Modern museums have many priorities other than collecting.D. The earliest museums were only accessible to the wealthy.43. According to this passage, the modern concept of museums dates back to _____ .A. the classical worldB. the 15th centuryC. the 18th centuryD. the 20th century44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. a historical survey45. Modern museums tend to focus on all of the following EXCEPT _____.A. conservationB. philosophical thoughtC. preservationD. educationts, music, and film presentations.。

2006-2009年大学英语四级真题试卷2009年6月大学英语四级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes) Free admission to museums1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes):How Do You See DiversityAs a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I real ized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .？“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce.I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same prof ession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a who le person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .(“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .“Attending the d iversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all ofus ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidateA)He j ust wouldn’t look her in the eye.B)—C)He was slow in answering her questions.D)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.E)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to theauthorA) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.^B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLCA) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that .A) He had hired the wrong person.，B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshopA) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ diverse needs.^7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request forleaveA)He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB)He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ works hops, the participants came to know the importance ofto their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achievediversity and benefit from the between us.Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48and difficult.:How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command ofThe January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there ar en’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This weekWal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.&57. What is said about FutureFashionA) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic isthat .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .>C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion#A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashionA) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage Two}Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.（“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discoveryA) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.）B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1,A) Food and drink affect one’s person ality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.]64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s WestA) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team p roduce in their researchA) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.@C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s researchA) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.：Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses68 subways and grains . “It’s not inconvenient at all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th century.”Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell percent, percent 74 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from million to million units in 2007.Alarmed by this state o f 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA)80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 81 wealth gap, demographic(人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 83 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA85 a further sales decline of percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 86 .Part VI Translation (5 minutes)！87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and footballin particular.study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)67. A) profit C) income79. A) mess C) growth.:—%2008年6月大学英语四级试题及参考答案、Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。

2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to aroommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.。

大学英语四级考试（CET 4）(恩波英语研究所命制)MODEL TEST— Band Four —(6 MSH 2)试题册（125分钟）-Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1~7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8~10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The T rouble with T elevisionIt is difficult to escape the influence of television. If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. Y ou can add10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelors degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. Y ou could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, youcould be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn t, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it.The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest,the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate onanything. But television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instantgratification（满意）. It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television s variety becomes a narcotic（麻醉的）, nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic （万花筒般的）exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guidedtour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television, typically, the spans allotted arc on theorder of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps（篡夺；侵占）one of the mostprecious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constantfear of losing anyone s attention—anyone s. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constantstimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span.It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given, as inherent in the medium itself; as an imperative, as though General Sarnoff, or one of the other augustpioneers of video, had bequeathed（遗留；传于）to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments Concentration.In its place that is fine. Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass marketing tool? But I see its values now pervading this nationand its life. It has become fashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to get to a fast moving, impatient public.In the case of news, this practice, in my view, results in inefficient communication. I question how much of television s nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable.Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine gunning with scraps.”I think the technique fights coherence. I think it tends to make things ultimately boring (unless theyare accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring if you know almost nothing about it.I believe that TV s appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. Consider the casual assumptions that television tends tocultivate: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, thatverbal precision is an anachronism. It may be old fashioned, but I was taughtthat thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise.There is a crisis of literacy in this country. One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer thewant ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. We are not only notattaining it as a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. And, while I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is thecause, I believe it contributes and is an influence.Everything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world—has become more complex, not less. Y et itsdominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is allsymbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30 second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife whofinds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? When before has virtually an entire nationsurrendered itself wholesale to a medium for selling?Some years ago Y ale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr. wrote: “… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter. I think this society is being forced, fed with trivialfare, and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our tolerance for effort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. If I am wrong, we will havedone no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically, to consider how we should be residing it. I hope yo u will join with me in doing so.”注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答；8~10题在答题卡1上。