建交参考

与中国建交国家时间顺序表，我们应该感恩最早与中国建交的国家我国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，主张互不干涉内政，以和平共处五项原则为指导，而不以社会制度、意识形态和价值观念的异同为标准。

截止目前共有178个国家与我国建立外交关系。

联合国旗帜1950年之前与我国建交的国家亚洲：1、朝鲜（1949.10.6）2、蒙古（1949.10.16）3、越南（1950.1.18）4、印度（1950.4.1）5、印度尼西亚（1950.4.13）6、缅甸（1950.6.8）欧洲：1、俄罗斯（1949.10.2） 2、保加利亚（1949.10.4） 3、罗马尼亚（1949.10.5）4、斯洛伐克（1949.10.6）5、波兰（1949.10.7）6、阿尔巴尼亚（1949.11.23）7、匈牙利（1949.10.6）8、捷克（1949.10.6）9、丹麦（1950.5.11）10、瑞典（1950.5.9）11、瑞士（1950.9.14）12、芬兰（1950.10.28）欧洲国家及国旗1951到1960年与我国建交的国家亚洲：1、巴基斯坦（1951.5.21）2、尼泊尔（1955.8.1）3、阿富汗（1955.1.20）4、叙利亚（1956.8.1）5、也门（1956.9.24）6、斯里兰卡（1957.2.7）7、柬埔寨（1958.7.19） 8、伊拉克（1958.8.25）非洲：1、埃及（1956.5.30） 2、摩洛哥（1958.11.1） 3、阿尔及利亚（1958.12.20）4、苏丹（1959.2.4）5、几内亚（1959.10.4）6、加纳（1960.7.5）7、马里（1960.10.25） 8、索马里（1960.12.14）欧洲：1、挪威（1954.10.5） 2、塞尔维亚（1955.1.2）北美洲：古巴（1960.9.28）亚洲1961到1970年与我国建交的国家亚洲：老挝（1961.4.25）非洲：1、刚果（金）（1961.2.20）2、乌干达（1962.10.18）3、肯尼亚（1963.12.14）4、布隆迪（1963.12.21）5、突尼斯（1964.1.10）6、刚果（布）（1964.2.22）7、坦桑尼亚（1964.4.26）8、中非（1964.9.29）9、赞比亚（1964.10.29）10、贝宁（1964.11.12） 11、毛里塔尼亚（1965.7.19）12、赤道几内亚（1970.10.15）13、埃塞俄比亚（1970.11.24）欧洲：1、法国（1964.1.27） 2、意大利（1970.11.6）北美洲：加拿大（1970.10.13）南美洲：智利（1970.12.15）非洲1971到1980年与我国建交的国家亚洲：1、科威特（1971.3.22）2、土耳其（1971.8.4）3、伊朗（1971.8.16）4、黎巴嫩（1971.11.9）5、日本（1972.9.29）6、马尔代夫（1972.10.14）7、马来西亚（1974.5.31）8、菲律宾（1975.6.9）9、泰国（1975.7.1）10、孟加拉国（1975.10.4）11、约旦（1977.4.7）12、阿曼（1978.5.25）非洲：1、尼日利亚（1971.2.10） 2、喀麦隆（1971.3.26） 3、塞拉利昂（1971.7.29）4、卢旺达（1971.11.12）5、塞内加尔（1971.12.7）6、毛里求斯（1972.4.15）7、多哥（1972.9.19）8、马达加斯加（1972.11.6）9、乍得（1972.11.28）10、布基纳法索（1973.9.15建交，1994.2.4中止建交，2018.5.26恢复外交）11、冈比亚（1974.12.14建交，1995.7.25中止建交，2016.3.17恢复外交关系）12、圣多美和普林西比（1975.7.12建交，1997.7.11断交，2016.12.26恢复外交关系）13、几内亚比绍（1974.3.15）14、加蓬（1974.4.20）15、尼日尔（1974.7.20）16、博茨瓦纳（1975.1.6） 17、莫桑比克（1975.6.25） 18、科摩罗（1975.11.13）19、佛得角（1976.4.25）20、塞舌尔（1976.6.30）21、利比里亚（1977.2.17）22、利比亚（1978.8.9）23、吉布提（1979.1.8）24、津巴布韦（1980.4.18）欧洲：1、马耳他（1972.1.31）2、圣马力诺（1971.5.6）3、奥地利（1971.5.28）4、塞浦路斯（1971.12.14）5、英国（1972.3.13）6、希腊（1972.6.5）7、比利时（1971.10.25）8、冰岛（1971.12.8）9、塞浦路斯（1971.12.14）10、荷兰（1972.5.18）11、德国（1972.10.11）12、卢森堡（1972.11.16）13、西班牙（1973.3.9）14、葡萄牙（1979.2.8）15、爱尔兰（1979.6.22）北美洲：1、墨西哥（1972.2.14） 2、牙买加（1972.11.21）3、特立尼达和多巴哥（1974.6.20）4、巴巴多斯（1977.5.30）5、美国（1979.1.1）南美洲：1、秘鲁（1971.11.2） 2、阿根廷（1972.2.19） 3、圭亚那（1972.6.27）4、委内瑞拉（1974.6.28）5、巴西（1974.8.15）6、苏里南（1976.5.28）7、厄瓜多尔（1980.1.2） 8、哥伦比亚（1980.2.7）大洋洲：1、萨摩亚（1975.11.6）2、澳大利亚（1972.12.21）3、新西兰（1972.12.22）4、斐济（1975.11.5）5、巴布亚新几内亚（1976.10.12）北美洲1981到1990年与我国建交的国家亚洲：1、阿联酋（1984.11.1）2、卡塔尔（1988.7.9）3、巴勒斯坦（1988.11.20）4、巴林（1989.4.18）5、沙特阿拉伯（1990.7.21）6、新加坡（1990.10.3）非洲：1、安哥拉（1983.1.12）2、科特迪瓦（1983.3.2）3、莱索托（1983.4.30）4、纳米比亚（1990.3.22）北美洲：1、安提瓜和巴布达（1983.1.1）2、格林纳达（1985.10.1）3、尼加拉瓜（1985.12.7建交，1990.11.9中止建交）4、伯利兹（1987.2.6建交，1989.10.23中止建交）南美洲：1、玻利维亚（1985.7.9） 2、乌拉圭（1988.2.3）大洋洲：1、瓦努阿图（1982.3.26）2、密克罗尼西亚（1989.9.11）南美洲1991年到2000年与我国建交的国家亚洲：1、文莱（1991.9.30）2、乌兹别克斯坦（1992.1.2）3、哈萨克斯坦（1992.1.3）4、塔吉克斯坦（1992.1.4）5、吉尔吉斯斯坦（1992.1.5）6、土库曼斯坦（1992.1.6）7、以色列（1992.1.24）8、阿塞拜疆（1992.4.6）9、亚美尼亚（1992.4.6）10、格鲁吉亚（1992.6.9） 11、韩国（1992.8.24）非洲：1、厄立特里亚（1993.5.24） 2、南非（1998.1.1）欧洲：1、爱沙尼亚（1991.9.11） 2、拉脱维亚（1991.9.12） 3、立陶宛（1991.9.14）4、乌克兰（1992.1.4）5、白俄罗斯（1992.1.20）6、摩尔多瓦（1992.1.30）7、斯洛文尼亚（1992.5.12）8、克罗地亚（1992.5.13） 9、马其顿（1993.10.12）10、安道尔（1994.6.29） 11、摩纳哥（1995.1.16）12、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（1995.4.3）北美洲：1、巴哈马（1997.5.23）2、圣卢西亚（1997.9.1建交，2007.5.5中止建交）大洋洲：1、库克群岛（1997.7.25） 2、汤加（1998.11.2）大洋洲2001年至今与我国建交的国家亚洲：东帝汶（2002.5.20）非洲：1、马拉维（2007.12.28） 2、南苏丹（2011.7.9）欧洲：黑山（2006.7.6）北美洲：1、多米尼克（2004.3.23）2、哥斯达黎加（2007.6.1）3、巴拿马（2017.6.12）4、多米尼加（2018.5.1）5、萨尔瓦多（2018.8.21）大洋洲：纽埃（2007.12.12）其中加粗标黑的国家欢迎网友积极讨论。

建交协议书样板甲方（以下称“甲方”）：地址：法定代表人：联系电话：乙方（以下称“乙方”）：地址：法定代表人：联系电话：鉴于甲方与乙方均为合法注册并有效运营的法人实体，双方本着平等互利、共同发展的原则，经过友好协商，就建立长期合作关系达成如下协议：第一条合作目的甲乙双方同意建立战略合作伙伴关系，通过资源共享、优势互补，共同促进双方业务的发展和市场的拓展。

第二条合作范围1. 双方将在各自业务领域内进行合作，包括但不限于产品开发、市场推广、客户服务等。

2. 双方将根据各自优势，共同开展项目合作，实现互利共赢。

第三条合作方式1. 双方将通过定期或不定期的会议、交流等形式，就合作事宜进行沟通和协调。

2. 双方将根据具体合作项目，签订具体的项目合作协议。

第四条保密条款1. 双方应对在合作过程中知悉的对方的商业秘密、技术秘密及其他保密信息予以保密。

2. 未经对方书面同意，任何一方不得向第三方披露、泄露或使用上述保密信息。

第五条知识产权1. 双方在合作过程中产生的知识产权，其归属和使用应根据双方具体协议确定。

2. 双方应尊重对方的知识产权，未经对方许可，不得擅自使用或侵犯。

第六条合作期限本协议自双方签字盖章之日起生效，有效期为____年，除非双方另有书面约定或提前终止。

第七条违约责任如一方违反本协议的任何条款，应承担违约责任，并赔偿对方因此遭受的损失。

第八条争议解决双方在履行本协议过程中如发生争议，应首先通过友好协商解决；协商不成时，可提交甲方所在地人民法院通过诉讼方式解决。

第九条其他1. 本协议的修改和补充，须经双方协商一致，并以书面形式确认。

2. 本协议未尽事宜，双方可另行协商解决。

本协议一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份，具有同等法律效力。

甲方（盖章）：_________________ 乙方（盖章）：_________________法定代表人（签字）：_____________ 法定代表人（签字）：_____________签订日期：____年____月____日签订日期：____年____月____日签订地点：_____________________ 签订地点：____________________（本协议书样板仅供参考，具体条款需根据实际情况制定。

操作一：建交参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号????传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ??????FAX:March 2nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We have your name and address from the Internet and are glad to learn that you are seeking for Chinese telecontrol racing car.Our company was founded in 1952 and have grown to be one of the leading Imp. & Exp. Companies in China , dealing in toys and handicrafts. As the commodities we supply are of good quality and fair price, we have won a very good reputation from our clients all over the world.After a careful study of your market, we find that our commodities are suitable for children aged from six to fourteen, as they will make the children be more interested in sience and technology . And that is why we are filled with confidence that there is a promising market in your country.We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to establishing business relations with you and are sending you by separate post our illustrated catalogs for your reference.We look forward to your early reply and trust that through our cooperation we shall be able to conclude some transactions with you in the near future.With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDMANAGERXXX操作二：报价参考出口报价核算： ?????电动玩具遥控赛车货号： 18812实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????＝150 - 150×% / ( 1 + % ) ＝（元）国内费用：[ 400 + 550 + 50 + 600 + 1400 +?????????+ (15 + 5)×200(箱)] / 2400辆(20'FCL货量)?????????＝（元）出口运费：2200× / 2400＝（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /??????= / 87% /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% )/??????= / 87% /?????＝（美元）CIFC3=++/( 1-110%×%%???????- % ) /?????＝×?????＝（美元）货号: 18814实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????= 160 - 160×%/( 1 + % ) ＝(元）国内费用：[ 400 + 550 + 50 + 600 + 1400 + ?????????+ (15 + 5)×100(箱)] / 2000辆(20'FCL货量) ????????＝（元）出口运费：2200× / 2000＝（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% ) /?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝++/( 1-110%×% - %???????- % ) /?????＝（美元）货号： 18817实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????＝170 - 170×% / ( 1 + % ) ＝（元）国内费用及出口运费同18814分别为：和（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% ) /?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝＋＋ / ( 1 - 110%×% - %???????- % ) /?????＝(美元）货号: 18819实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????= 180 - 180×%×( 1 + % )＝（元）国内费用及出口运费同18812分别为：和（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% )/?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝( + + ) / ( 1 - 110%×%???????- % - % ) /?????＝（美元）操作三：发盘参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???&传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:March 12nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your enquiry of March 7th,2001 . We are very glad to learn that you are interested in our products. Recently we have received a large number of orders from our clients and it seems that the demand is still increasing. We hope the same thing will happen in your market and are very glad to quote as follows: ?????Commodity: ???????Telecontrol Racing Car/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK?????Packing: ??????????ART. & 18819 to packed in cartons of 12 pieces each ART. & 18817 to packed in cartons of 20 pieces eachone 20' FCL for each Art. No.?????Shipment: Shipment is to be effected within 30 days of the receipt f the relevant L/C, but not later than May 31, 2001.?????Insurance: To be covered by the seller for 110% of total invoice value against all risks and war risks.?????Payment: By irrevocable sight letter of credit for full amount of the invoice value.This quotatin is valid for 3 days and we are looking forward to receiving you order. Best regards!?Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作四：还价参考还价核算:1) 分算法：货号 18812 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% )××2400 ????????????- + + ×2400???????????＝（元）货号 18814 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110% ×% - 3% )××2000 ????????????－+ + ×2000???????????＝（元）货号 18817 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110% ×% - 3% )××2000 ????????????－+ +×2000???????????＝（元）货号 18819 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% )××2400 ????????????- + +×2400???????????＝（元）公司利润额＝+++＝（元）若接受外方公司的还价，我公司的预计利润额为人民币元???总算法：货款收入：+/2400/++/2000/???????????=831600+697950=1529550(元)实际成本：[（150+180）/2400+（160+170）/2000]/（1-9%/1+17%）?????????=（元）国内费用：20/600+3000/4=24000（元）运费： 2200/4=72600（元）保险费： 1529550/110%/%=(元)佣金： 1529550/3%=(元)总利润：???????=（元）2) 经客户还价后实际采购成本应为：销售收入－保险费－佣金－公司利润（5％）－运费－国内费用18812：×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× -??????=×× -?????＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝?????= （元）18814: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）18817: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）18819: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）3) 再次报价：18812:实际成本: 145×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）出口运费及国内费用不变，分别为：和;CIFC3＝( + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????＝（美元）18814:实际成本: 150×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????＝ / /?????=（美元）18817:实际成本: 160×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????= （美元）18819:实际成本: 170×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）出口运费及国内费用不变，分别为：和;CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????= （美元）操作五：还盘参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:March 22nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of March 17th 2001. We have discussed the matter with our manufactureis and brought them to see eye to eye with the idea of lowering our price, but still your counter-offer seems too high to be accepted . Since this is the first business between us , we try our best to quote as follows: TELECONTROL RACING CARUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORKUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORKUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK?This quotation is valid for only 8 days. Please take advantage of this chance and send your acceptance to us as soon as possible.Best regards!?Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作六：成交参考合同核算:货号 18812 18814 18817 18819 ??电动遥控玩具赛车数量每个货号1个20'集装箱?????ART NO. 18812 & 18819 各2400辆，共计4800辆?????ART NO. 18814 & 18817 各2000辆，共计4000辆成交单价(US$)????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK国内供货价格：元、元、元、元合同金额 USD188,总成交金额 =1553112元实际总成本[(145+170)×2400+(150+160)×2000] =（元）国内费用(400+600+600+1400)×4+(100+200)×2×20=出口运费2200 × 4 × = （元）保费188256××110%×% = （元）佣金187256××3% = （元）成交利润额188256× - 1376000 + - 24000 ???????????- - -??????????= （元）成交利润率 188256/ = %操作七：合同参考 <1>利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:April 1th 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your order of March 27th 2001. We are pleased to do business with you and are sending you our signed Sales Confirmation 01 in duplicate . Please return one copy with your counter-signature for our file.You can be assured that we will try our best to execute the order, and that the good quality of our commodities will meet your request. As the shipment date is approaching, please open the relevant L/C as soon as possible so that we can effect shipment on time.With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER?操作七：合同参考 <2>?SALES CONFIRMATIONS/C No.: LD-DRGSC01 Date: April 1st 2001The Seller:?LIDA TRADING CO. LTD. The Buyer: ?DRAGON TOY CO. LTD. Address:?NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD Address:? 1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK ???????? ??SHANGHAI, CHINA ????????? ??PA 19446 U.S.A.Item No. Commodity &Specifications UnitQuantityUnit Price (US$) AMOUNT (US$) ? TELECONTROL RACING CAR CIFC3 NEWYORK 1 ART. 18812 PIECE 2400 2 ART. 18814 PIECE 2000 3 ART. 18817 PIECE 2000 4 ART. 18819 PIECE 2400 ? ? ? ? TOTAL ???? ??TOTAL CONTRACT VALUE: SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX ONLY??PACKING:ART. & 18819 TO PACKED IN CARTONS OF 12 PIECES EACH ART. & 18817 TO PACKED IN CARTONS OF 20 PIECES EACH ALL PRODUCTS IN FOUR 20' CONTAINERS. ??TERMS OF SHIPMENT: SHIPMENT IN MAY 2001 AFTER RECEIVING THE RELEVANT LETTER OF CREDIT,WITH PARTIAL SHIPPMENT TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED.? ? PORT OFLOADING& DESTINATION: FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA TO NEW YORK ? ? PAYMENT: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN AN IRREVOCABLE L/C IN FAVOR OF THE SELLER BEFOREAPR. 15TH, 2001. THE SAID L/C SHALL BE AVAILABLE BY DRAFT AT SIGHT FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE AND REMAIN VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA FOR 15 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT.? ?INSURANCE: TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF TOTAL INVOICE VALUE AGAINSTALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER THE OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES OF THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA, DATED JAN. 1ST, 1981.?Confirmed by:THE SELLER THE BUYERLIDA TRADING CO., LTD. ?GRACE GU?Remarks:1. The buyer shall have the covering letter of credit which should reach the Seller 30 days before shipment, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to regard as still valid whole or any part of this contract not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses thus sustained, if any.2. In case of any discrepancy in Quality/Quantity, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination; while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.3. For transactions concluded on basis, it is understood that the insurance amount will be for 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in the Sales Confirmation. If additional insurance amount or coverage required, the Buyer must have the consent of the Seller before Shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer.4. The Seller shall not hold liable for non-delivery or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods hereunder by reason of natural disasters, war or other causes of Force Majeure, However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer as soon as possible and furnish the Buyer within 15 days by registered airmail with a certifi-cate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade attesting such event(s).5. All deputies arising out of the performance of, or relating to this contract, shall be settled through case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its arbitral arbitration shall take place in Shanghai. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.6. The Buyer is requested to sign and return one copy of this contract immediately after receipt of the , if any, should be raised by the Buyer within it is understood that the Buyer has accepted the terms and conditions of this contract.7. Special conditions: ( These shall prevail over all printed terms in case of any conflict.)操作八：审证参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号 ???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:审证意见：?信用证存在的问题需要修改的理由1．国外到期易产生逾期交单???????2．两个品种数量有误少于合同规定数量???????3．投保加成错误增加保费支出???????4．受益人公司名称有误易出现单、证不符???????5．一个品种货号有误与实际出运货号不符???????6．付款期限不妥超出合同规定期限???????7. ?信用证到期日提前?易产生逾期交单??????????????????????????? 审核人：XXX操作九：改证参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:April 25th 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We are very glad to receive your L/C , but we are quite sorry to find that it contains some discrepancies with the S/C. Please instruct your bank to amend the L/C as quickly as possible.The L/C is to be amended as follows:????-The place of expiry: In China, in stead of 'In '????-The date of the expiry shuld beJune 15th 2001, instead of 'June 10th 2001' ????-The draft(s) should be sight draft(s) instead 'at 30 days sight' ????-The Article number of the goods is '18819'in stead of '18818'.????-The insurance value should be total invoice value plus 10% instead 'plus 110%'????-The quantity of ART & 18819 should be '2400 pieces' insead of '2000pieces' ????-The beneficiary should be LIDA TRADING ., instead of LIDA .With best regards!Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作十：订舱参考 <1>?????公司编号:BH01LD出口货物订舱委托书日期:9-May-01 ?21)标记唛码22)货号规格23)包装件数24)毛重25)净重26)数量27)单价28)总价?? TELECONTROL RACING CAR CIF NEW YORKLD-DRGSC0118812200CTNS2400KGS1800KGS2400PCSDRAGON TOY18814100CTNS2200KGS1800KGS2000PCSNEW YORK18817100CTNS2200KGS1800KGS2000PCSC/18819200CTNS2400KGS1800KGS2400PCS????29)总件数30)总毛重31)总净重32)总尺码?33)总金额??600 CTNS9200KGS7200KGS99.533M3?US$ 34)备注操作十：订舱参考? <2>?? C O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E??1) SELLER???3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATELIDA TRADING CO., LTD.LD-DRGINV019-May-01Address:NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD,5) L/C NO.6) DATE?SHANGHAI, CHINA DRG-LDLC0114-Apr-01??7) ISSUED BY????CHEMICAL BANK NEWYORK2) BUYER???8) CONTRACT NO.9) DATEDRAGON TOY CO., LTD.LD-DRGSC011-Apr-01Address:1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,10) FROM11) TO?PA 19446 U.S.A.SHANGHAI NEW YORK??12) SHIPPED BY13) PRICE TERM???CIF NEW YORK14) MARKS15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY.17) UNIT PRICE18) AMOUNT ????LD-DRGSC01TELECONTROL RACING CAR?CIF NEW YORKDRAGON TOY???? NEWYORK ART. NO.???NO. 1-600188122400 PCS USD USD?188142000 PCS USD USD?188172000 PCS USD USD?188192400 PCS USD USD ???????? ?TOTAL:?USD ???????AS PER SALES CONFORMATION NO. LD-DRGSC01????DATED APRIL1ST, 2001??????AS PER L/C DATED APRIL 14,2001? ?????????ART NO. 18812 AND 18819 PACKED IN 400 CARTONS???OF 12 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO????20'FCL CONTAINERS???? ?ART NO. 18814 AND 18817 PACKED IN 200 CARTONS????OF 20 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO????20' FCL CONTAINERS??????TOTAL NUMBER OF PACKAGE: 600 CTNS?????TOTAL GROSS WEIGHT: 9200KGS????? ???? ?????????19) TOTAL VALUE:??SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND ??FIFTY-SIX ONLY?? ??????? ??????? ????20) ISSUED BY?? ????LIDA TRADING CO., LTD.???????? ????21) SIGNATURE?? ????X X X?? ?????? 3 COPIES作十：订舱参考? <3>?P A C K I N G L I S T?????3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATE NG CO., LTD.LD-DRGINV012001-5-9 NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD,5) FROM6) TOSHANGHAI, CHINA SHANGHAI NEW YORK?7) TOTAL PACKAGES(IN WORDS)?SAY SIX HUNDRED CARTONS ONLY???8) MARKS & NOS.CO., LTD.LD-DRGSC011180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,DRAGON TOYPA 19446 U.S.A.NEWYORK???10) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. ??11) ITEM12)QTY.(PCS.) 13) .(kg)??14) .(kg) 15) M?????TELECONTROL RACING CAR??????200 CTNS 188122400 24001800100 CTNS18814200022001800100 CTNS18817200022001800200 CTNS18819240024001800??????600 CTNS?880092007200?????? ARKS?WEIGHT AND MEAS. PER EXPORT CARTON: ??? ??? ???ART. NO..(KGS.).(KGS.)MEAS. ???18812129???188142218???188172218???18819129?????????????????????? ????16) ISSUED BY ?? ????LIDA TRADING CO., LTD.???????? ?????? ????17) SIGNATURE ?? ????X X X ?? ??????? ?????? 2 COPIES操作十一：报关参考?中华人民共和国海关出口货物报关单????预录入编号:?海关编号:???操作十二：投保参考海运出口货物投保单?1)保险人：2)被保险人：中国人民保险公司LIDA TRADING CO.,LTD??8)运输工具:(船名)(航次)CHENG FEN?9)装运港:SHANGHAI10)目的港:NEW YORK11)投保险别:12)货物起运日期20-May-01 ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKSAS PER CIC OF DATED 1/1/198113)投保日期：14)投保人签字：15-May-01LIDA TRADING CD.,LTD. X X X?操作十二：装船参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:15th May 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We are very pleased to inform your that the goods(four containers of telecontrol racing cars) under S/C will dispatch by . CHENG FEN on May 20th 2001 and it will arrive in New York in May 30th 2001. The B/L number is LD-DRGBL01 and the total invoice value is US$ .With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作十三：议付参考???????OF?????? EXCHANGE??????? ??????? LD_DRGINV01????? ??????? US$??SHANGHAI27-May-01?figure)???(place and date of issue) ???????***************sight of this F IRST Bill of exchange(SECOND being ??????? BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI BRANCH or order the sum ???????STATES DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY EIGHT THOUSAND AND TWO HUBDRED AND FIFTY SIX ??(amount in words)??? ??????? ived for600 SETS of TELECONTROL PACING CAR??( quantity )?( name of commodity )?? ???????r CHEMICAL BANK NEW YORK??????? DRG-LDLC01dated14-Apr-01??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? CHEMICAL BANK NEW YORK?For and on behalf of? 55 WATER STREET, ROOM 1702,?LIDA TRADING CO., LTD.NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10041????X X X? ??(Signature)????????B I L L??? O F??? L A D I N G1)SHIPPER10)B/L NO.LD-DRGBL01LIDA TRADING CO., LTD??Address:NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD,???SHANGHAI, CHINA?C O S C O???2)CONSIGNEE???中国远洋运输（集团）总公司TO ORDER????CHINA OCEAN SHIPPING (GROUP)3)NOTIFY PARTYDRAGON TOY CO., LTD.??1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,??PA 19446 ?????4)PLACE OF RECEIPT5)OCEAN VESSEL??SHANGHAI CY CHENG FEN ??6)VOYAGE NO.7)PORT OF LOADING??SHANGHAI??8)PORT OF DISCHARGE9)PLACE OF DELIVERY??Combined Transport BILL OFNEWYORK???11)MARKS 12) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. 13)DESCRIPTION OF GOODS14) .(kg)????LD-DRGSC01?TELECONTROL RACING CAR9200DRAGON TOY???NEWYORK600 CARTONS??NO. 1-600 ?????????????????????????FREIGHT PREPAID???L/C NO. DRG-LDLC01 ???????????????????????????????SAY SIX HUNDRED CARTONS ONLY16)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERSOR PACKAGES(IN WORDS)FREIGHT & CHARGES REVENUE TONS RATE PER PREPAID CO ??????????????????PREPAID AT PAYABLE AT17)PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUE ??SHANGHAI 20-May-01?TOTAL PREPAID18)NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B(S)L??? THREE21)倪永海?LOADING ON BOARD THE VESSEL COSCO SHANGHAI SHIPPING CO.19)DATE20-May-0120)BY倪永海AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER CH??COSCO SHANGHAI SHIPPING CO.,LTD.???AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER CHINA?????????????ENDORSEMENT: LIDA TRADING CO., LTD?????X X X??? 3 COPIES???R C I A L I N V O I C E?????3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATENG CO., LTD.LD-DRGINV019-May-01NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD,5) L/C NO.6) DATESHANGHAI, CHINA DRG-LDLC0114-Apr-01?7) ISSUED BY???CHEMICAL BANK NEWYORK???8) CONTRACT NO.9) DATECO., LTD.LD-DRGSC011-Apr-011180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,10) FROM11) TOPA 19446 U.S.A.SHANGHAI NEW YORK??12) SHIPPED BY13) PRICE TERM??CHENG FEN CIF NEW YORK14) MARKS15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY.17) UNIT PRICE18) AMOUNT ????LD-DRGSC01TELECONTROL RACING CAR?CIF NEW YORKDRAGON TOY???? NEWYORK ART. NO.???NO. 1-600188122400 PCS USD USD?188142000 PCS USD USD?188172000 PCS USD USD?188192400 PCS USD USD ???????? ?TOTAL:?USD ???????AS PER SALES CONFORMATION NO. LD-DRGSC01????DATED APRIL1ST, 2001??????AS PER L/C DATED APRIL 14,2001? ?????????ART NO. 18812 AND 18819 PACKED IN 400 CARTONS???OF 12 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO????20'FCL CONTAINERS???? ?ART NO. 18814 AND 18817 PACKED IN 200 CARTONS????OF 20 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO????20' FCL CONTAINERS??????TOTAL GROSS WEIGHT 9200KGS????? TOTAL NET WEIGHT 7200KGS??? ?????????19) TOTAL VALUE:??SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND??FIFTY-SIX ONLY?? ??????? ???????????20) ISSUED BY??????LIDA TRADING CO., LTD.????????????21) SIGNATURE??????X X X?? ?????? 3 COPIES ??中国人民保险公司THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA????总公司设于北京?一九四九年????Head office: BEIJING ?Established in??????????????保险单?保险?????INSURANCE POLICY POL?????????中国人民保险公司 ( 以下简称本公司 )THIS POLICY OF INSURANCE WITNESSES THAT THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINACOMPANY" )根据??AT THE REQUEST OF LIDA TRADING CO., LTD(以下简称被保险人 ) 的要求，由被保险人向本公司缴付约( HEREINAFTER CALLED " THE INSURED " ) AND IN CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREED PREMIUM定的保险，按照本保险单承保险别和背面所载条款下列INSURED UNDERTAKES TO INSURE THE UNDERMENTIONED GOODS IN TRANSPORTATION SUBJECT TO T特款承保下述货物运输保险，特立本保险单AS PER THE CLAUSES PRINTED OVERLEAF AND OTHER SPECIAL CLAUSES ATTACHED HEREONLD-DRGSC01???DRAGON TOY???NEWYORK8800 PIECES TELECONTROL RACING CAR US$NO 1-600???????????总保险金额:?TOTAL AMOUNT INSURED:SAY US DOLLARS TWO HUNDRED AND SEVEN THOUSAND EIGHTY TWO ON保费?费率?装载运输工具?PREMIUM AS ARRANGED RATE AS ARRANGED PER CONVEYANCE SS.CHE开航日期?自?SLG. ON OR ABT.AS PER BILL OF LADING FROM SHANGHAI承保险别:???????CONDITIONS COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER AND SUBJECT TO OCEAN??CLAUSES OF PICC DATED 1/1/1981????????????????????所保货物，如遇出险，本公司凭本保险单及其他有关证件给付赔款。

中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表是一个收录自中华人民共和国成立以来，与之建立、中断、或回复外交关系的世界其它国家的列表。

截至2010年6月12日，与中华人民共和国建立外交关系的现存国家共有171个[1]。

目录[隐藏]∙ 1 1940年代∙ 2 1950年代∙ 3 1960年代∙ 4 1970年代∙ 5 1980年代∙ 6 1990年代∙7 2000年代∙8 参考资料∙9 外部链接∙10 参见1940年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1940年代）时间国家1949年∙10月3日∙10月4日∙10月5日∙10月6日∙10月6日∙10月6日∙10月7日∙10月16日∙11月23日∙苏联∙保加利亚∙罗马尼亚∙朝鲜∙匈牙利∙捷克斯洛伐克∙波兰∙蒙古国∙阿尔巴尼亚1950年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1950年代）时间国家1950年∙1月18日∙4月1日∙4月13日∙5月9日∙5月11日∙6月8日∙9月14日∙9月14日∙10月28日∙越南∙印度∙印度尼西亚∙瑞典∙丹麦∙缅甸∙瑞士∙列支敦士登∙芬兰1951年∙5月21日∙巴基斯坦1954年∙6月17日（暂设代办）∙10月5日∙11月19日（暂设代办）∙英国∙挪威∙荷兰1955年∙1月2日∙1月20日∙8月1日∙南斯拉夫∙阿富汗∙尼泊尔1956年∙5月30日∙8月1日∙9月24日∙埃及∙叙利亚∙也门1957年∙2月7日∙锡兰（今斯里兰卡）1958年∙7月19日∙8月25日∙11月1日∙12月20日∙柬埔寨∙伊拉克∙摩洛哥∙阿尔及利亚1959年∙2月4日∙10月4日∙苏丹∙几内亚1960年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1960年代）时间国家1960年∙7月5日∙9月28日∙10月25日∙12月14日∙加纳∙古巴∙马里∙索马里1961年∙2月20日∙4月25日∙9月18日（中止）∙刚果民主共和国∙老挝∙刚果民主共和国1962年∙10月18日∙乌干达1963年∙12月14日∙12月21日∙肯尼亚∙布基纳法索1964年∙1月10日∙1月27日∙2月22日∙4月26日∙9月29日∙10月29日∙11月12日∙突尼斯∙法国∙刚果∙坦桑尼亚∙中非∙赞比亚∙达荷美（今贝宁）1965年∙1月29日（中止）∙布隆迪∙7月19日∙毛里塔尼亚1966年∙1月3日（中止）∙1月6日（第一次中止）∙10月20日（中止）∙达荷美（今贝宁）∙中非共和国∙加纳1967年∙9月26日（中止）∙10月30日（中止）∙10月（中止）∙突尼斯∙印度尼西亚∙肯尼亚1969年∙3月（恢复代办）∙肯尼亚1970年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1970年代）时间国家1970年∙10月13日∙10月15日∙11月6日∙11月24日∙12月15日∙加拿大∙赤道几内亚∙意大利∙埃塞俄比亚∙智利1971年∙2月10日∙3月22日∙3月26日∙5月6日（暂设领事级）∙5月28日∙7月29日∙尼日利亚∙科威特∙喀麦隆∙圣马力诺∙8月4日∙8月16日∙10月8日（复交）∙10月13日（复交）∙10月25日∙11月2日∙11月9日∙11月12日∙12月7日∙12月8日∙12月14日∙奥地利∙塞拉利昂∙土耳其∙伊朗∙突尼斯∙布隆迪∙比利时∙秘鲁∙黎巴嫩∙卢旺达∙塞内加尔∙冰岛∙塞浦路斯1972年∙1月13日∙2月14日∙2月19日∙2月29日（复交）∙3月13日∙4月15日∙5月18日∙6月5日∙6月27日∙9月19日∙9月29日∙10月11日∙10月14日∙11月6日∙11月16日∙11月21日∙11月28日∙12月21日∙12月22日∙12月24日（复交）∙马耳他∙墨西哥∙阿根廷∙加纳∙英国∙毛里求斯∙荷兰∙希腊∙圭亚那∙多哥∙日本∙德国∙马尔代夫∙12月29日（复交）∙马达加斯加∙卢森堡∙牙买加∙乍得∙澳大利亚∙新西兰∙扎伊尔(原/今刚果民主共和国）∙达荷美（今贝宁）1973年∙3月9日∙9月15日∙西班牙∙布基纳法索1974年∙3月15日∙4月20日∙5月31日∙6月20日∙6月28日∙7月20日∙8月15日∙12月14日∙几内亚比绍∙加蓬∙马来西亚∙特立尼达和多巴哥∙委内瑞拉∙尼日尔∙巴西∙冈比亚1975年∙1月6日∙6月9日∙6月25日∙7月1日∙7月12日∙10月4日∙11月5日∙博茨瓦纳∙菲律宾∙莫桑比克∙泰国∙11月6日∙11月13日∙圣多美和普林西比∙孟加拉国∙斐济∙萨摩亚∙科摩罗1976年∙4月25日∙5月28日∙6月30日∙8月20日（第一次复交）∙10月12日∙佛得角∙苏里南∙塞舌尔∙中非共和国∙巴布亚新几内亚1977年∙2月17日∙4月7日∙5月30日∙利比里亚∙约旦∙巴巴多斯1978年∙5月25日∙8月9日∙阿曼∙利比亚1979年∙1月1日∙1月8日∙2月8日∙6月22日∙美国∙吉布提∙葡萄牙∙爱尔兰1980年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1980年代）时间国家1980年∙1月2日∙2月7日∙4月18日∙6月25日∙厄瓜多尔∙哥伦比亚∙津巴布韦∙基里巴斯1982年∙3月26日∙瓦努阿图1983年∙1月1日∙1月12日∙3月2日∙4月30日∙安提瓜和巴布达∙安哥拉∙科特迪瓦∙莱索托1984年∙11月1日∙阿拉伯联合酋长国1985年∙7月9日∙10月1日∙12月7日∙玻利维亚∙格林纳达∙尼加拉瓜1987年∙2月6日∙伯利兹1988年∙2月3日∙7月9日∙乌拉圭∙卡塔尔∙11月20日∙巴勒斯坦1989年∙4月18日∙8月7日（中止）∙9月11日∙10月10日（第一次中止）∙10月23日（中止）∙巴林∙格林纳达∙密克罗尼西亚联邦∙利比里亚∙伯利兹1990年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（1990年代）时间国家1990年∙3月22日∙4月7日（中止）∙5月26日（中止）∙7月21日∙8月8日（复交）∙10月3日∙11月9日（中止）∙11月16日∙纳米比亚∙莱索托∙几内亚比绍∙沙特阿拉伯∙印度尼西亚∙新加坡∙尼加拉瓜∙马绍尔群岛1991年∙7月8日（第二次中止）∙7月15日（改升大使级）∙9月11日∙9月12日∙9月14日∙9月30日∙12月27日（继承苏联）∙中非共和国∙圣马力诺∙爱沙尼亚∙拉脱维亚∙立陶宛∙文莱∙俄罗斯1992年∙1月2日∙乌兹别克斯坦∙1月3日∙1月4日∙1月4日∙1月5日∙1月6日∙1月20日∙1月24日∙1月30日∙4月2日∙4月6日∙4月27日（继承南联邦）∙5月12日∙5月13日∙6月9日∙7月30日（中止）∙8月24日∙哈萨克斯坦∙塔吉克斯坦∙乌克兰∙吉尔吉斯斯坦∙土库曼斯坦∙白俄罗斯∙以色列∙摩尔多瓦∙阿塞拜疆∙亚美尼亚∙南斯拉夫（后更名塞尔维亚和黑山）∙斯洛文尼亚∙克罗地亚∙格鲁吉亚∙尼日尔∙韩国1993年∙1月1日（继承捷克斯洛伐克）∙1月1日（继承捷克斯洛伐克）∙5月24日∙8月10日（第一次复交）∙10月12日∙捷克∙斯洛伐克∙厄立特里亚∙利比里亚∙马其顿1994年∙1月12日（复交）∙2月4日（中止）∙6月29日∙莱索托∙布基纳法索∙安道尔1995年∙1月16日（暂设领事级）∙4月3日∙摩纳哥∙7月25日（中止）∙波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那∙冈比亚1996年∙1月9日（中止）∙8月19日（复交）∙塞内加尔∙尼日尔1997年∙5月23日∙7月11日（中止）∙7月25日∙8月15日（中止）∙9月1日∙9月9日（第二次中止）∙巴哈马∙圣多美和普林西比∙库克群岛∙乍得∙圣卢西亚∙利比里亚1998年∙1月1日∙1月29日（第二次复交）∙4月23日（复交）∙11月2日∙12月11日（中止）∙南非∙中非共和国∙几内亚比绍∙汤加∙马绍尔群岛1999年∙2月9日（中止）∙马其顿2000年代中华人民共和国与世界各国建交简表（2000年代）时间国家2001年∙6月12日（复交）∙马其顿2002年∙5月20日∙东帝汶∙7月21日∙瑙鲁2003年∙10月11日（第二次复交）∙11月7日（中止）∙利比里亚∙基里巴斯2004年∙3月23日∙多米尼克2005年∙1月20日（复交）∙5月27日（中止）∙12月25日（复交）∙格林纳达∙瑙鲁∙塞内加尔2006年∙2月6日（改升大使级）∙6月5日（继承塞黑）∙7月6日∙8月6日（复交）∙摩纳哥∙塞尔维亚∙黑山∙乍得2007年∙5月5日（中止）∙6月1日∙12月12日∙12月28日∙圣卢西亚∙哥斯达黎加∙纽埃∙马拉维参考资料1.^中国外交部：《中华人民共和国与各国建立外交关系日期简表（截至2010年6月12日）》（简体中文）外部链接中国外交部∙国家和组织 > 国家（地区）（简体中文）∙中华人民共和国和纽埃关于建立外交关系的联合公报（简体中文）∙China and Niue Sign Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Ties（英文）∙中国和纽埃的关系（最近更新时间：2009年10月9日）（简体中文）纽埃政府∙2007年12月新闻公告【3-2】（英文）参见∙中华人民共和国外交∙中华民国外交。

建交函完整范文中文
尊敬的先生/女士：
我谨代表（我方国家/组织名称）向贵方（贵国家/组织名称）致以最诚挚的问候和良好祝愿。

我方国家一直秉持友好、开放、平等和互利共赢的原则，愿与各国建立和发展互利合作关系。

经过深思熟虑和友好协商，我方国家决定主动向贵方国家提出建立外交关系的诚挚意愿。

建交不仅是两国之间政治、经济和文化交流的重要平台，更是促进和加强两国人民之间相互了解和友谊的纽带。

我方国家希望通过建立外交关系，进一步推动双方在各领域的合作与交流，共同应对全球挑战，共同推动地区和世界的和平与发展。

我方国家愿以平等、互利和相互尊重为基础，与贵方国家建立建交后的外交关系。

我们将致力于加强政治互信，拓展经贸合作，深化人文交流，共同应对全球性问题，推动两国关系不断向前发展。

我方国家承诺将全面遵守联合国宪章和国际法，尊重贵方国家的主权和领土完整。

我们将始终秉持和平、公正、合作、共赢的原则，与贵方国家保持良好的邻好友好关系。

希望贵方国家能够积极考虑我方国家的建交意愿，并在互相沟通和协商的基础上，共同制定建交的具体安排和步骤。

我方国家期待与
贵方国家开展深入的合作，共同开创两国关系的美好未来。

我再次向贵方国家表达我方国家的建交意愿，并衷心希望贵方国家能够积极回应。

我相信，通过我们共同的努力，两国之间的友好合作关系将不断深化，为两国人民带来更多福祉，为地区和世界的和平与发展作出更大贡献。

祝愿两国友谊长存，合作共赢！
此致
敬礼
（我方国家/组织名称）。

操作一：建交参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI 号电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeDATE: MARCH 2, 2001 Fax:065-7890023Dear Sales Manager,Through the courtesy of Bank of China, Singapore Branch, we learned that you are one of the major importers in your country of stationery and are, therefore, writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.Our company is a state-owned corporation specializing in stationery and office equipment for many years. Our products, reputed for their soundquality and favorable price, are well established in markets both home and abroad. Therefore we have entered into trade relations with customers from various countries and regions in the world and business has been developing quite satisfactorily for both parties.For your interest, we would like to recommend one of our commendable products, BRIGHT brand drafting machine, which sells well in other Asian countries and is sure to find a steady demand in your country through our mutual efforts. In order to give you a brief idea of the product, we have sent you a copy of our latest catalogue for your reference. It would be in your interest to place an order with us as soon as possible, and you may get a favorable rebate for a considerable initial order.Your early reply is much appreciated.Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGERXXX操作二：报价参考商品：光明牌绘图机货号：SBT－1211.实际成本＝780×＝7202.国内费用：一个20'集装箱可装纸箱数＝25/××＝173国内费用＝10+(1000+1000+350+50+500+2000+1000)/173＝3.出口运费＝(1100×/173＝＝(720++/[ ＝＝(720+/[ ＝货号：70031.实际成本＝680×＝2.国内费用：一个20'集装箱可装纸箱数＝25/××＝285国内费用＝10+(1000+1000+350+50+500+2000+1000)/285＝3.出口运费＝(1100×/285＝＝++/[ ＝＝+/[ ＝货号：SDM-021.实际成本＝850×=2.国内费用：一个20'集装箱可装纸箱数＝25/××＝129国内费用＝10+(1000+1000+350+50+500+2000+1000)/129＝3.出口运费＝(1100×/129＝＝++/[ ＝＝+/[ ＝操作三：发盘参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI 号电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeDATE: MARCH 12, 2001Dear Madam,We are glad to have received your inquiry .You may be aware that wooden cases add to both packing fees and freight, so cheaper packing in cartons will be in your interest. We assure you the seaworthiness of our cartons. For any losses caused by defects of our products, your customers can get full refunds; for other losses, they can receive replacements of spare parts for half charge.Meanwhile, please pay attention to the following points:1)We usually finance our trade with foreign customers, esp. for first transactions, by L/C at sight . Maybe you can obtain such favorable payment terms as D/P if future business develop to our mutual satisfaction.2)If transactions are concluded on CIF or CFR basis, we do not want to put you in the trouble of contacting shipping companies or arranging shipment.3)The goods will be inspected by Shanghai Inspection Bureau. Your representative can be present if it is necessary.As you can see, the above terms and conditions take the interests of both parties into consideration , so we hope you can also accept them so as to facilitate our future business. We are now glad to make you the following offer:Unit Price(USD) .Pc./ctn.Mea. . . .FOBC5 CIFC5(US$)(cm)(kg)(kg)(pcs)(US$)SBT-121180x60x3025231737003170x50x252523285SDM-02185x65x352523129Packing:To be packed in cartons of 1 pc. eachShipment:To be effected within 30 days of receipt of the related L/C.Payment:By irrevocable L/C at sight opened through a bank acceptable to the Seller. Our accounting bank is the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.Insurance:For 110% invoice value covering All Risks & War Risk as perdated 1/1/1981.We look forward to receiving your initial order.Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGER操作四：还价参考货号：SBT-121(设还价利润率为x)，则：107＝(720++/＝－ /107＝×100％＝%利润额为：107*(720++/ ＝（美元）/台货号：700392＝++/x＝ /92＝－ /92＝×100％＝%利润额为：92*＝（美元）/台货号：SDM-02 119＝++/x＝ /119＝×100％＝%利润额为：119*＝（美元）/台二、再次报价核算参考答案货号：SBT－121CIFC5＝(720++/[＝FOBC5＝(720+/[货号：7003 CIFC5＝++/[＝FOBC5＝+/[货号：SDM-02 CIFC5＝++/[＝FOBC5＝+/[＝操作五：还盘参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548号ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeDate: March 22, 2001Dear Madam,Thank you for your fax, but we are regretful to learn of your opinion on our quotatioFor your information, Japanese makers usually ask for full charges for replacement major parts, and South Korean suppliers commonly effect shipment 60 days after receipt the related Ls/C. So which one would you like to choose: a lower price with condition service, or a higher price with complete and dependable serviceBut since this is going to be the first transaction between us and our products a new to your customers, we are ready to make you the following new offer:Art. No.Unit Price CIFC5 SINGAPOREFOBC5SHANGHAISBT-1217003SDM-02Since our manufacturing department has already received a lot of indents, please pla your order with us as soon as possible.Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGERXXX操作六：成交参考总货款收入：（成交总额）285×94＋129××＝总购货成本:285×680＋129×850＝总退税收入：×9％/(1+17%)＝出口运费：1100×2×＝出口保险费：×110％×%＝客户佣金：×5％＝国内费用：10×（285＋129）＋5900×2＝总利润额：＋－－－－－＝利润率：÷×100%＝5%操作七：合同参考 <1>上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548号ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeDate: April 1st 2001Dear Madam,We are pleased to book your order and are enclosing the Sales Confirmation No. LS-BRTSC in duplicate. Please sign and return one copy for our file.Meanwhile, please ask your banker to open the relevant L/C without delay so that y can receive the goods on time.Thank for your cooperation.With best regard.Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGERXXX操作七：合同参考 <2>SALES CONFIRMATIONS/C No.: LS-BRTSC07Date: April 1st 2001The Seller:SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD The Buyer: BRIGHT STATIONERY CO.Address:548 YANPING ROAD Address: 125 SUNFLOWER PLAZASHANGHAI,SINGAPO CHINACommodity & SpecificationsQUAN...MEAS.UnitPrice(US$)AMOUNT(US$)BRIGHT BRAND DRAFTING MACHINE(SET)(KG)(KG)(CM)CIFC3 NEWYORK. 7003 . SDM-022********X50X25 129252385X65X35TOTAL CONTRACT VALUE:SAY US DOLLAR FORTY-TWO THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDREDEIGHTY-EIGHT AND CENTS FIFTY-EIGHT ONLYPACKING:TO BE PACKED IN CARTONS OF ONE EACH, TOTAL 414 CARTONS ONLY.SHIPMENT:TO BE EFFECTED BY THE SELLER FROM SHANGHAI TO SINGAPORENOT LATER 31TH MAY,2001 WITH PARTIALSHIPMENT AND TRANSHIPMENT NOT ALLOWED.PAYMENT:THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THESELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETTER OF CREDIT TO REACH THESELLER BEFORE APRIL 25 2001 AND REMAIN VALID FOR NEGOTIATION INCHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE TIME OF SHIPMENT.THE SELLER SHALL COVER THE INSURANCE FOR 110% OF TOTAL INVOICE INSURANCE:VALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER AND SUBJECT TORELEVANT OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES OF PEOPLE'S INSURANCECOMPANY OF CHINA DATED 1/1/1981.Confirmed by:THE SELLER THE BUYERSHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.XXX操作八：审证参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548号ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－审证意见信用证存在的问题需要修改的理由国外到期易产生逾期交单受益人地址有误易出现单、证不符信用证金额有误无法全额出运货物投保加成错误增加保费支出投保依据的条款制订的日期有误与实际不符包装条款不妥增加包装支出操作九：改证参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548号ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeFax:065-7890023Date: April 25, 2001Dear Madam,Thank you for your L/C . However, we find it contains the following discrepancies:1. THE CREDIT IS TO EXPIRE IN CHINA, NOT IN SINGAPORE.2. THE ADDRESS OF THE APPLICANT SHOULD BE '125 SUNFLOWER PLAZA', NOT '521 SUNFLOWERPLAZA'.3. THE AMOUNT SHOULD BE 'SAY US DOLLARS FORTY-TWO THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT AND CENTS FIFTY-EIGHT ONLY'.4. INSURANCE IS TO BE COVERED FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE, NOT FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE PLUS 110%.5. THE CIC SHOULD BE DATED 01/01/1981, INSTEAD OF 01/01/1980.6. GOODS SHOULD BE PACKED IN CARTONS, NOT IN WOODEN CASES.Please ask your banker to amend the L/C accordingly, and please see to it that the L/C amendment reach us before April 30, 2001, so that you can receive the goods without delay.With Best Regards.Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGERXXX操作十： 订舱参考 <1>公司编号: BH07LS 出 口 货 物 订 舱 委 托 书 日期: 9-May-011)发货人SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.548 YANPING ROADSHANGHAI CHINA 4)信用证号码 BRT-LSLC075)开证银行 DBS BANK 6)合同号码 LS-BRTSC07 7)成交金额 US$8) 装运口岸 SHANGHAI9)目的港 SINGAPORE2)收货人 TO ORDER10)转船运输 NO11)分批装运 12)信用证效期 15-Jun-01 13)装船期限 31-May-0114)运费 PREPAID15)成交条件 CIFC5SINGAPORE16)公司联系人 XXX17)电话/传真 021－3)通知人BRIGHT STATIONERY 125 SUNFLOWER PLAZA,SINGAPORE 18)公司开户行 Bank ofChina19)银行帐号 3520)特别要求21)标记唛码 22)货号规格 23)包装件数 24)毛重 25)净重 26)数量 27)单价 28)总价BRIGHT BRAND DRAFTING MACHINES CIFC5 SINGAPOREBRIGHT7003285CTNS7125KGS 6555KGS 285SETS USD94SINGAPORE SDM02129CTNS3225KGS2967KGS129SETSC/NO. 1-41429)总件数30)总毛重31)总净重32)总尺码33)总金额414CTNS10350KGS9522KGS US$34)备注操作十：订舱参考 <2> C O M M E R C I A L I NV O I C E1) SELLER3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATE SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING .LS-BRTINV079-May-01548 YANPING ROAD5) L/C NO.6) DATE SHANGHAI CHINA BRT-LSLC0714-Apr-01ISSUED BYDBS BANK2) BUYER8) CONTRACT NO.9) DATEBRIGHT STATIONERY CO LS-BRTSC071-Apr-01125 SUNFLOWER PLAZA10) FROM11) TO SINGAPORE SHANGHAI SINGAPORE12) SHIPPED BY13) PRICE TERMCIFC5 SINGAPORE18)14) MARKS15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY.17) UNIT PRICEAMOUNT(USD)BRIGHT BRAND DRAFTINGCIFC5 SINGAPORE MACHINESBRIGHT7003285SETSSINGAPORE SDM02129SETSC/TOTAL:19)TOTAL VALUESAY US DOLLARS FORTY-TWO THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT AND FIFTY EIGHT ONLY20) CERTIFICATIONAS PER SALES CONFIRMATION21)PACKING7003 TO BE PACKED IN 285 CTNS OF ONE EACHSDM02 TO BE PACKED IN 129 CTNS OF ONE EACHTATAL FOUR HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN CARTOONS ONLY22)GROSS WEIGHT10350KGSL/C NO. BRT-LSLC0723) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.24) SIGNATUREXXX6 COPIES操作十：订舱参考 <3>P A C K I N G L I S T1) SELLER3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATE SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING .LS-BRTINV079-May-01548 YANPING ROAD 5) FROM 6) TO SHANGHAI CHINA SHANGHAISINGOPORE7) TOTAL PACKAGES(IN WORDS)FOUR HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN CARTONS ONLY 2) BUYER8) MARKS & NOS. BRIGHT STATIONERY BRIGHT 125 SUNFLOWER PLAZA SINGAPORE SINGAPORE C/9) C/NOS. 10) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. 11) ITEM 12)QTY. 13) .(kg) 14) .(kg)15)MEAS(m3)BRIGHT BRAND DRAFTINGMACHINES1-285285 CTNS7003 285 SETS 7125 KGS 6555 KGS M3 286-414 129 CTNS SDM02 129 SETS 3225 KGS 2967 KGSTOTAL: 414 CTNS 414 SETS 10350 KGS 9522 KGSL/C NO. BRT-LSLC0716) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.17) SIGNATUREXXX3 COPIES操作十一：报关参考中华人民共和国海关出口货物报关单预录入编号:海关编号:操作十二：投保参考海运出口货物投保单1)保险人：2)被保险人：中国人民保险公司上海林生贸易有限公司8)运输工具:(船名)(航次)HAILING9)装运港:SHANGHAI10)目的港:SINGAPORE11)投保险别:12)货物起运日期:20-May-01 ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PEROCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSESOF PICC DATED 1/1/1981.13)投保日期：14)投保人签字：15-May-01上海林生贸易有限公司XXX操作十二：装船参考上海林生贸易有限公司Shanghai Linsheng Trading Co., Ltd.地址:中国上海延平路548号ADD: 548 YANPING ROAD，SHANGHAI电话：0086－021－TEL: 0086－021－传真：0086－021－FAX: 0086－021－Sales ManagerBright Stationery Co.125 Sunflower PlazaSingaporeDATE: May 15th 2001Dear Madam,Thank you for your fax.This is to inform you that 414 cartons of Bright Brand drafting machines under S/C No. LS-BRTSC07 have been loaded on board . Hailing , which will be sailing on May 20, 2001 The B/L No. is LS-BRTBL07, and the total invoice value is US$42,. We are confident that you will find the goods totally satisfactory to your customers.With best regards!Yours sincerely,SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.MANAGERXXX操作十三：议付参考 <1>BILL OF EXCHANGENo.LS-BRTINV07For US$SHANGHAI27-May-01(amount in figure)(place and date of issue)At*****************sight of this F IRST Bill of exchange(SECOND being unpai pay to BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI BRANCH or order the sum ofUS DOLLARS FORTY-TWO THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT AND CENTS FIFTY-EIGHT ONLY(amount in words)Value received for414 CARTONS of DRAFTING MACHINES( quantity )( name of commodity )Drawn under DBS BANKL/C No.BRT-LSLC07dated14-Apr-01To:DBS BANK For and on behalf ofTRADE SERVICES DEPARTMENT SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.6 SHENTON WAY, DBS BUILDING TOWER TWOSINGAPORE, 0106XXX(Signature)操作十三： <2>B I L L O F L A D I N G11)MARKS 12) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. 13)DESCRIPTION OF GOODS14) .(kg)15) MEAS(m3)BRIGHT414 CARTONS BTIGHT BRAND DRAFTING MACHINES10350SINGAPORE ART. NO. 7003C/NO. 1-414ART. NO. SDM-02FREIGHT PREPAIDL/C16)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERSSAY FOUR HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN CARTONS ONLYOR PACKAGES(IN WORDS)19)DATE20-May-0120)BYCOSCO-MIDSON SHIPPING INC林自强林自强ENDORSEMENT: SHANGHAI LINGSHENG TRADING .X X X 3 COPIES操作十三：议付参考 <3>C O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E1) SELLER3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICE DATE SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING .LS-BRTINV079-May-01548 YANPING ROAD5) L/C NO.6) DATESHANGHAI CHINA BRT-LSLC0714-Apr-01ISSUED BYDBS BANK2) BUYER8) CONTRACT NO.9) DATEBRIGHT STATIONERY CO LS-BRTSC071-Apr-01125 SUNFLOWER PLAZA10) FROM11) TOSINGAPORE SHANGHAI SINGAPORE12) SHIPPED BY13) PRICE TERMHAILING CIFC5 SINGAPORE14) MARKS15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY.17) UNIT PRICE18) AMOUNT(USD)BRIGHT BRAND DRAFTING MACHINES CIFC5 SINGAPOREBRIGHT7003285SETSSINGAPORE SDM02129SETSC/TOTAL:19)TOTAL VALUESAY US DOLLARS FORTY-TWO THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT AND FIFTY EIGHT ONLY20) CERTIFICATIONAS PER SALES CONFIRMATION21)PACKING7003 TO BE PACKED IN 285 CTNS OF ONE EACHSDM02 TO BE PACKED IN 129 CTNS OF ONE EACHTATAL FOUR HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN CARTOONS ONLY22)GROSS WEIGHT10350KGSL/C NO. BRT-LSLC0723) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING CO. LTD.24) SIGNATUREXXX5 COPIES操作十三：议付参考 <4>中国人民保险公司THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA总公司设于北京一九四九年创立Head office: BEIJING Established in 1949保险单保险单号次INSURANCE POLICY POLICY NO.LS-BRTB中国人民保险公司 ( 以下简称本公司 )THIS POLICY OF INSURANCE WITNESSES THAT THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA ( HEREINAFTER CA COMPANY" )根据AT THE REQUEST OF SHANGHAI LINSHENG TRADING .(以下简称被保险人 ) 的要求，由被保险人向本公司缴付约( HEREINAFTER CALLED " THE INSURED " ) AND IN CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREED PREMIUM PAID TO THE COMP定的保险，按照本保险单承保险别和背面所载条款下列INSURED UNDERTAKES TO INSURE THE UNDERMENTIONED GOODS IN TRANSPORTATION SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS OF T 特款承保下述货物运输保险，特立本保险单AS PER THE CLAUSES PRINTED OVERLEAF AND OTHER SPECIAL CLAUSES ATTACHED HEREONBRIGHT414 CARTONS DRAFTING MACHINES US$SINGAPOREC/总保险金额:TOTAL AMOUNT INSURED:SAY US DOLLARS FORTY-SEVEN THOUSAND AND SIXTY-EIGHT ONLY保费费率装载运输工具PREMIUM AS ARRANGED RATE AS ARRANGED PER CONVEYANCE SS.HAILING开航日期自至SLG. ON OR ABT.AS PER BILL OF LADING FROM SHANGHAI TO SINGAPO 承保险别:COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE AS PER AND SUBJEC CONDITIONSMARINECARGO CLAUSES OF THE PEOPLES INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA DATED 1/1/1981.L/C NO. BRT-LSLC07所保货物，如遇出险，本公司凭本保险单及其他有关证件给付赔款。

操作一：建交参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号????传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ??????FAX:March 2nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We have your name and address from the Internet and are glad to learn that you are seeking for Chinese telecontrol racing car.Our company was founded in 1952 and have grown to be one of the leading Imp. & Exp. Companies in China , dealing in toys and handicrafts. As the commodities we supply are of good quality and fair price, we have won a very good reputation from our clients all over the world.After a careful study of your market, we find that our commodities are suitable for children aged from six to fourteen, as they will make the children be more interested in sience and technology . And that is why we are filled with confidence that there is a promising market in your country.We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to establishing business relations with you and are sending you by separate post our illustrated catalogs for your reference.We look forward to your early reply and trust that through our cooperation we shall be able to conclude some transactions with you in the near future.With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDMANAGERXXX操作二：报价参考出口报价核算： ?????电动玩具遥控赛车货号： 18812实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????＝150 - 150×% / ( 1 + % ) ＝（元）国内费用：[ 400 + 550 + 50 + 600 + 1400 +?????????+ (15 + 5)×200(箱)] / 2400辆(20'FCL货量)?????????＝（元）出口运费：2200× / 2400＝（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /??????= / 87% /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% )/??????= / 87% /?????＝（美元）CIFC3=++/( 1-110%×%%???????- % ) /?????＝×?????＝（美元）货号: 18814实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????= 160 - 160×%/( 1 + % ) ＝(元）国内费用：[ 400 + 550 + 50 + 600 + 1400 + ?????????+ (15 + 5)×100(箱)] / 2000辆(20'FCL货量) ????????＝（元）出口运费：2200× / 2000＝（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% ) /?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝++/( 1-110%×% - %???????- % ) /?????＝（美元）货号： 18817实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????＝170 - 170×% / ( 1 + % ) ＝（元）国内费用及出口运费同18814分别为：和（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% ) /?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝＋＋ / ( 1 - 110%×% - %???????- % ) /?????＝(美元）货号: 18819实际采购成本＝供货价格－退税收入????????????= 180 - 180×%×( 1 + % )＝（元）国内费用及出口运费同18812分别为：和（元）FOBC3＝＋ / ( 1 - % - % ) /?????＝（美元）CFRC3＝＋＋/( %% )/?????＝（美元）CIFC3＝( + + ) / ( 1 - 110%×%???????- % - % ) /?????＝（美元）操作三：发盘参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???&传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:March 12nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your enquiry of March 7th,2001 . We are very glad to learn that you are interested in our products. Recently we have received a large number of orders from our clients and it seems that the demand is still increasing. We hope the same thing will happen in your market and are very glad to quote as follows: ?????Commodity: ???????Telecontrol Racing Car/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK/PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK?????Packing: ??????????ART. & 18819 to packed in cartons of 12 pieces each ART. & 18817 to packed in cartons of 20 pieces eachone 20' FCL for each Art. No.?????Shipment: Shipment is to be effected within 30 days of the receipt f the relevant L/C, but not later than May 31, 2001.?????Insurance: To be covered by the seller for 110% of total invoice value against all risks and war risks.?????Payment: By irrevocable sight letter of credit for full amount of the invoice value.This quotatin is valid for 3 days and we are looking forward to receiving you order. Best regards!Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作四：还价参考还价核算:1) 分算法：货号 18812 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% )××2400 ????????????- + + ×2400???????????＝（元）货号 18814 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110% ×% - 3% )××2000 ????????????－+ + ×2000???????????＝（元）货号 18817 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110% ×% - 3% )××2000 ????????????－+ +×2000???????????＝（元）货号 18819 客户还价 US$ CIFC3还价利润额: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% )××2400 ????????????- + +×2400???????????＝（元）公司利润额＝+++＝（元）若接受外方公司的还价，我公司的预计利润额为人民币元???总算法：货款收入：+/2400/++/2000/???????????=831600+697950=1529550(元)实际成本：[（150+180）/2400+（160+170）/2000]/（1-9%/1+17%）?????????=（元）国内费用：20/600+3000/4=24000（元）运费： 2200/4=72600（元）保险费： 1529550/110%/%=(元)佣金： 1529550/3%=(元)总利润：???????=（元）2) 经客户还价后实际采购成本应为：销售收入－保险费－佣金－公司利润（5％）－运费－国内费用18812：×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× -??????=×× -?????＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝?????= （元）18814: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）18817: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）18819: ×( 1 - 110%×% - 3% - 5% )× - ＝（元）那么，我司应掌握的供货价格（即含税购货成本）最高为：?????? / [ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ] ＝（元）3) 再次报价：18812:实际成本: 145×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）出口运费及国内费用不变，分别为：和;CIFC3＝( + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????＝（美元）18814:实际成本: 150×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????＝ / /?????=（美元）18817:实际成本: 160×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×%???????- 3% - 8% ) /?????= （美元）18819: 实际成本: 170×[ 1 - % / ( 1 + % ) ]=（元）出口运费及国内费用不变，分别为：和; CIFC3＝ + + )/( 1 - 110%×% ???????- 3% - 8% ) / ?????= （美元）操作五：还盘参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:March 22nd 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of March 17th 2001. We have discussed the matter with our manufactureis and brought them to see eye to eye with the idea of lowering our price, but still your counter-offer seems too high to be accepted . Since this is the first business between us , we try our best to quote as follows: TELECONTROL RACING CARUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORKUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORKUSD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK?This quotation is valid for only 8 days. Please take advantage of this chance and send your acceptance to us as soon as possible.Best regards!Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTD XXX MANAGER操作六：成交参考合同核算:货号 18812 18814 18817 18819 ??电动遥控玩具赛车数量每个货号1个20'集装箱?????ART NO. 18812 & 18819 各2400辆，共计4800辆?????ART NO. 18814 & 18817 各2000辆，共计4000辆成交单价(US$)????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK????? USD /PIECE CIFC3 NEW YORK国内供货价格：元、元、元、元合同金额 USD188,总成交金额 =1553112元实际总成本[(145+170)×2400+(150+160)×2000] =（元）国内费用(400+600+600+1400)×4+(100+200)×2×20=出口运费2200 × 4 × = （元）保费188256××110%×% = （元）佣金187256××3% = （元）成交利润额188256× - 1376000 + - 24000???????????- - -??????????= （元）成交利润率 188256/ = %操作七：合同参考 <1>利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:April 1th 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,Thank you for your order of March 27th 2001. We are pleased to do business with you and are sending you our signed Sales Confirmation 01 in duplicate . Please return one copy with your counter-signature for our file.You can be assured that we will try our best to execute the order, and that the good quality of our commodities will meet your request. As the shipment date is approaching, please open the relevant L/C as soon as possible so that we can effect shipment on time.With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作七： 合同参考 <2>SALES CONFIRMATION S/C No.: LD-DRGSC01 Date: April 1st 2001The Seller:?LIDA TRADING CO. LTD. The Buyer: ?DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.Address:?NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROADAddress:? 1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK???????? ??SHANGHAI, CHINA ????????? ??PA 19446 U.S.A.Item No. Commodity & Specifications Unit QuantityUnit Price (US$) AMOUNT(US$)TELECONTROL RACING CAR CIFC3 NEWYORK 1 ART. 18812 PIECE 2400 2 ART. 18814 PIECE 2000 3 ART. 18817 PIECE 2000 4 ART. 18819 PIECE2400TOTALTOTAL CONTRACT VALUE: SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY-EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX ONLYPACKING:ART. & 18819 TO PACKED IN CARTONS OF 12 PIECES EACH ART. & 18817 TO PACKED IN CARTONS OF 20 PIECES EACH ALL PRODUCTS IN FOUR 20' CONTAINERS.TERMS OF SHIPMENT: SHIPMENT IN MAY 2001 AFTER RECEIVING THE RELEVANT LETTER OF CREDIT,WITH PARTIAL SHIPPMENT TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED.PORT OF LOADING& DESTINATION: FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA TO NEW YORK PAYMENT: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN AN IRREVOCABLE L/C IN FAVOR OF THE SELLER BEFOREAPR. 15TH, 2001. THE SAID L/C SHALL BE AVAILABLE BY DRAFT AT SIGHT FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE AND REMAIN VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA FOR 15 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT.INSURANCE: TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF TOTAL INVOICE VALUE AGAINSTALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER THE OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES OF THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA, DATED JAN. 1ST, 1981.Confirmed by:THE SELLER THE BUYERLIDA TRADING CO., LTD.GRACE GURemarks:1. The buyer shall have the covering letter of credit which should reach the Seller 30 days before shipment, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to regard as still valid whole or any part of this contract not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses thus sustained, if any.2. In case of any discrepancy in Quality/Quantity, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination; while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.3. For transactions concluded on basis, it is understood that the insurance amount will be for 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in the Sales Confirmation. If additional insurance amount or coverage required, the Buyer must have the consent of the Seller before Shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer.4. The Seller shall not hold liable for non-delivery or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods hereunder by reason of natural disasters, war or other causes of Force Majeure, However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer as soon as possible and furnish the Buyer within 15 days by registered airmail with a certifi-cate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade attesting such event(s).5. All deputies arising out of the performance of, or relating to this contract, shall be settled through case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its arbitral arbitration shall take place in Shanghai. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.6. The Buyer is requested to sign and return one copy of this contract immediately after receipt of the , if any, should be raised by the Buyer within it is understood that the Buyer has accepted the terms and conditions of this contract.7. Special conditions: ( These shall prevail over all printed terms in case of any conflict.)操作八：审证参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号 ???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:审证意见：信用证存在的问题需要修改的理由1．国外到期易产生逾期交单???????2．两个品种数量有误少于合同规定数量???????3．投保加成错误增加保费支出???????4．受益人公司名称有误易出现单、证不符???????5．一个品种货号有误与实际出运货号不符???????6．付款期限不妥超出合同规定期限???????7. ?信用证到期日提前?易产生逾期交单?????????????????????????? 审核人：XXX操作九：改证参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:April 25th 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We are very glad to receive your L/C , but we are quite sorry to find that it contains some discrepancies with the S/C. Please instruct your bank to amend the L/C as quickly as possible.The L/C is to be amended as follows:????-The place of expiry: In China, in stead of 'In '????-The date of the expiry shuld beJune 15th 2001, instead of 'June 10th 2001'????-The draft(s) should be sight draft(s) instead 'at 30 days sight' ????-The Article number of the goods is '18819'in stead of '18818'. ????-The insurance value should be total invoice value plus 10% instead 'plus 110%'????-The quantity of ART & 18819 should be '2400 pieces' insead of'2000pieces'????-The beneficiary should be LIDA TRADING ., instead of LIDA . With best regards!Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTD XXX MANAGER操作十：订舱参考 <1>公司编号: BH01LD 出口货物订舱委托书日期: 9-May-0121)标记唛码22)货号规格件数24)毛重25)净重26)数量单价总价TELECONTROL RACING CAR CIF NEW YORKLD-DRGSC01 18812 200CTNS 2400KGS 1800KGS 2400PCS DRAGON TOY 18814 100CTNS 2200KGS 1800KGS 2000PCS NEW YORK 18817 100CTNS 2200KGS 1800KGS 2000PCS C/ 18819 200CTNS 2400KGS 1800KGS 2400PCS29)总件数30)总毛重31)总净重32)总尺码33)总金额6009200KGS 7200KGS 99.533M3 US$CTNS34)备注操作十：订舱参考? <2>C O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E1) SELLER 3) INVOICE NO. 4) INVOICE DATELIDA TRADING CO., LTD. LD-DRGINV01 9-May-01Address: NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD, 5) L/C NO. 6) DATESHANGHAI, CHINA DRG-LDLC01 14-Apr-017) ISSUED BYCHEMICAL BANK NEWYORK2) BUYER 8) CONTRACT NO. 9) DATEDRAGON TOY CO., LTD. LD-DRGSC01 1-Apr-01Address: 1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK, 10) FROM 11) TOPA 19446 U.S.A. SHANGHAI NEW YORK12) SHIPPED BY 13) PRICE TERMCIF NEW YORK14) MARKS 15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY. 17) UNIT PRICE 18) AMOUNTLD-DRGSC01 TELECONTROL RACING CAR CIF NEW YORKDRAGON TOYNEWYORK ART. NO.NO. 1-600 18812 2400 PCS USD USD 18814 2000 PCS USD USD18817 2000 PCS USD USD18819 2400 PCS USD USDTOTAL:? USDAS PER SALES CONFORMATION NO. LD-DRGSC01DATED APRIL 1ST, 2001AS PER L/C DATED APRIL 14,2001ART NO. 18812 AND 18819 PACKED IN 400 CARTONSOF 12 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO20'FCL CONTAINERSART NO. 18814 AND 18817 PACKED IN 200 CARTONSOF 20 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO20' FCL CONTAINERSTOTAL NUMBER OF PACKAGE: 600 CTNSTOTAL GROSS WEIGHT: 9200KGS19) TOTAL VALUE:SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX ONLY20) ISSUED BYLIDA TRADING CO., LTD.21) SIGNATUREX X X3 COPIES作十：订舱参考? <3>P A C K I N G L I S T1) SELLER 3) INVOICE NO. 4) INVOICE DATE LIDA TRADING CO., LTD. LD-DRGINV01 2001-5-9 Address: NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD, 5) FROM 6) TOSHANGHAI, CHINA SHANGHAI NEW YORK7) TOTAL PACKAGES(IN WORDS)SAY SIX HUNDRED CARTONS ONLY2) BUYER 8) MARKS & NOS.DRAGON TOY CO., LTD. LD-DRGSC01Address: 1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK, DRAGON TOYPA 19446 U.S.A. NEWYORK9) C/NOS. 10) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. ??11)ITEM12)QTY.(PCS.) 13) .(kg)??14) .(kg) 15) MEAS(m3)TELECONTROL RACING CAR1-200 200 CTNS 18812 2400 2400 1800201-300 100 CTNS 18814 2000 2200 1800301-400 100 CTNS 18817 2000 2200 1800401-600 200 CTNS 18819 2400 2400 1800TOTAL 600 CTNS 8800 9200 7200SHIPPING MARKS WEIGHT AND MEAS. PER EXPORT CARTON:LD-DRGSC01 ART. NO. .(KGS.) .(KGS.) MEAS.(M3) DRAGON TOY 18812 12 9NEWYORK 18814 22 1818817 22 1818819 12 916) ISSUED BYLIDA TRADING CO., LTD.17) SIGNATUREX X X2 COPIES 操作十一：报关参考中华人民共和国海关出口货物报关单海运出口货物投保单1)保险人：2)被保险人：中国人民保险公司LIDA TRADING CO.,LTD8)运输工具: (船名)(航次) CHENGFEN9)装运港: SHANGHAI 10)目的港: NEW YORK11)投保险别: 12)货物起运日期20-May-01ALL RISKS AND WAR RISKS AS PER CIC OF DATED 1/1/198113)投保日期：14)投保人签字：15-May-01 LIDA TRADING CD.,LTD. X X X操作十二：装船参考利达贸易有限公司LIDA TRADING COMPANY LIMITED地址：中国上海南京东路1267号???传真：021－ADD: EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI,CHINA ???FAX:15th May 2001DRAGON TOY CO.,LTD1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446 U.S.A.Dear Sirs,We are very pleased to inform your that the goods(four containers oftelecontrol racing cars) under S/C will dispatch by . CHENG FEN onMay 20th 2001 and it will arrive in New York in May 30th 2001. The B/Lnumber is LD-DRGBL01 and the total invoice value is US$ .With best regards.Yours faithfully,LIDA TRADING CO.,LTDXXXMANAGER操作十三：议付参考BILL?????? OF?????? EXCHANGENo. LD_DRGINV01For US$ SHANGHAI 27-May-01 (amount in figure) (place and date of issue)At *************** sight ofthisFIRST Bill of exchange(SECOND being unpaid)pay to BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI BRANCH or order the sum ofSAY UNITED STATES DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY EIGHT THOUSAND AND TWO HUBDRED AND FIFTY SIX ONLY(amount in words)Value received for 600 SETS of TELECONTROL PACING CAR( quantity ) ( name of commodity )Drawn under CHEMICAL BANK NEW YORKL/C No. DRG-LDLC01 dated 14-Apr-01To: CHEMICAL BANK NEW YORK For and on behalf of55 WATER STREET, ROOM 1702, LIDA TRADING CO., LTD.NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10041X X X(Signature)B I L L??? O F??? L A D I N G1)SHIPPER 10)B/LNO.LD-DRGBL01LIDA TRADING CO., LTDAddress: NO. 1267 EAST NANJING ROAD,SHANGHAI, CHINAC O S C O2)CONSIGNEE中国远洋运输（集团）总公司TO ORDERCHINA OCEAN SHIPPING(GROUP) CO.3)NOTIFY PARTYDRAGON TOY CO., LTD.1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,PA 19446OF RECEIPT 5)OCEAN VESSELSHANGHAI CY CHENG FEN6)VOYAGE NO. 7)PORT OF LOADING ORIGINALSHANGHAI8)PORT OF DISCHARGE 9)PLACE OF DELIVERY ??Combined Transport BILL OF LADINGNEWYORK11)MARKS 12) NOS. & KINDS OFPKGS.13)DESCRIPTION OF GOODS14) .(kg)15)MEAS(m3)LD-DRGSC01 TELECONTROL RACING CAR9200DRAGON TOYNEWYORK 600 CARTONS NO. 1-600FREIGHTPREPAIDL/C NO.DRG-LDLC0116)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERSOR PACKAGES(IN WORDS)SAY SIX HUNDRED CARTONS ONLYFREIGHT & CHARGES REVENUE TONS RATE PER PREPAIDCOLLECTPREPAID AT PAYABLE AT 17)PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUE SHANGHAI20-May-01TOTAL PREPAID 18)NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B(S)LTHREE 21) 倪永海LOADING ON BOARD THE VESSEL COSCO SHANGHAI SHIPPINGCO.,LTD.19)DATE 20-May-0120)BY 倪永海AS AGENT FOR THECARRIER CHINA COSCO SHANGHAI SHIPPINGCO.,LTD.AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER CHINAENDORSEMENT: LIDA TRADING CO., LTDX X X 3 COPIE SC O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E1) SELLER3) INVOICE NO.4) INVOICEDATE LIDA TRADING CO., LTD. LD-DRGINV01 9-May-01Address: NO. 1267 EAST NANJINGROAD,5) L/C NO.6) DATE SHANGHAI, CHINA DRG-LDLC0114-Apr-017) ISSUED BYCHEMICAL BANK NEWYORK 2) BUYER8) CONTRACTNO. 9) DATEDRAGON TOY CO., LTD. LD-DRGSC011-Apr-01 Address: 1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK, 10) FROM11) TO PA 19446 U.S.A. SHANGHAINEW YORK12) SHIPPED BY13)PRICETERMCHENG FENCIF NEW YORK14) MARKS 15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS16)QTY. 17) UNIT PRICE 18) AMOUNTLD-DRGSC01 TELECONTROL RACING CARCIF NEW YORK DRAGON TOY NEWYORK ART. NO. NO. 1-600 18812 2400 PCS USD USD 18814 2000 PCS USD USD 18817 2000 PCS USD USD 18819 2400 PCS USD USDTOTAL:? USDAS PER SALES CONFORMATION NO.LD-DRGSC01DATED APRIL1ST,2001AS PER L/C DATED APRIL 14,2001ART NO. 18812 AND 18819 PACKED IN 400CARTONSOF 12 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO20'FCL CONTAINERSART NO. 18814 AND 18817 PACKED IN 200CARTONSOF 20 PIECES EACH AND THEN TO TWO20' FCL CONTAINERSTOTAL GROSS WEIGHT 9200KGSTOTAL NET WEIGHT 7200KGS19) TOTAL VALUE:SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTTHOUSAND TWO HUNDRED ANDFIFTY-SIX ONLY20) ISSUED BYLIDA TRADING CO., LTD.21) SIGNATUREX X X3COPIES 中国人民保险公司THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA总公司设于北京一九四九年创立Head office: BEIJING Establish ed in 1949保险单保险单号次INSURANCE POLICY POLICY NO.LD-DRGBD01中 国 人 民 保 险 公 司 ( 以 下 简 称 本 公 司 )THIS POLICY OF INSURANCE WITNESSES THAT THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA ( HEREINAFTER CALLED "THE COMPANY" ) 根 据 AT THE REQUEST OF LIDA TRADING CO., LTD(以 下 简 称 被 保 险 人 ) 的 要 求 ， 由 被 保 险 人 向 本 公 司 缴 付 约 ( HEREINAFTER CALLED " THE INSURED " ) AND IN CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREED PREMIUM PAID TO THE COMPANY BY THE定 的 保 险 ， 按 照 本 保 险 单 承 保 险 别 和 背 面 所 载 条 款 下 列INSURED UNDERTAKES TO INSURE THE UNDERMENTIONED GOODS IN TRANSPORTATION SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS OF THIS POLICY特 款 承 保 下 述 货 物 运 输 保 险 ， 特 立 本 保 险 单AS PER THE CLAUSES PRINTED OVERLEAF AND OTHER SPECIAL CLAUSES ATTACHED HEREONLD-DRGSC01 DRAGON TOY NEWYORK 8800 PIECES TELECONTROLRACING CAR US$NO 1-600总 保 险 金 额:TOTAL AMOUNT INSURED:SAY US DOLLARS TWO HUNDRED AND SEVEN THOUSAND EIGHTYTWO ONLY保 费 费 率 装 载 运输 工 具PREMIUM AS ARRANGED RATE ASARRANGEDPERCONVEYANC E SS.CHENG FEN开 航 日 期 自 至SLG. ON OR ABT. AS PER BILL OF LADING FROM SHANGHAI TONEWYORK承 保 险 别:CONDITIONSCOVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER AND SUBJECTTO OCEAN MARINE CARGOCLAUSES OF PICC DATED 1/1/1981 所 保 货 物， 如 遇 出 险， 本 公 司 凭 本 保 险 单 及 其 他 有 关 证 件 给 付赔款。

中外文明交流建交事迹材料中外文明交流建交事迹材料建交是两国之间正式建立外交关系的重要里程碑，是中外文明交流的重要体现。

下面将向您介绍几个著名的中外文明交流建交事迹。

一、中国与美国建交中国与美国建交的历史可以追溯到1844年，当时中国的清朝政府与美国签订了《中美望厦条约》。

这是中国与美国之间的第一份正式外交协议。

该条约奠定了两国之间的友好关系基础，并为两国之间的贸易和文化交流打下了基础。

随着时间的推移，中国和美国之间的交流与合作不断增加。

在20世纪70年代，中美关系经历了一段曲折的历史，但随着1972年尼克松总统访问中国，两国关系再度得到改善。

1979年，两国正式建立了外交关系，这标志着中美两国关系进入了新的阶段。

自那时以来，中美之间的交流与合作不断扩大。

两国之间的贸易额不断增加，逐渐成为世界上最大的两国之间的贸易伙伴。

此外，教育和文化交流也成为两国间非常重要的领域。

每年都有大量的中国学生赴美留学，而美国的学术机构也在中国设立了很多分支机构。

这些都有助于促进中美之间的文明交流与相互了解。

二、中国与俄罗斯建交中国与俄罗斯建交的历史可以追溯到1949年，当时中华人民共和国成立后，中国共产党政府与苏联政府建立了外交关系。

随着时间的推移，中俄之间的关系逐渐发展壮大。

在20世纪50年代和60年代，中苏两国之间的交流与合作非常密切。

中国从苏联那里学到了许多重要的技术和经验，并以此来推动自己的经济和军事建设。

然而，随着时间的推移，中苏关系开始紧张，最终在20世纪70年代破裂。

但是，随着20世纪90年代的到来，中俄关系再次得到改善。

1991年，苏联解体后，俄罗斯成为独立国家。

中国和俄罗斯建立了新的外交关系，并在经济、贸易、军事等方面展开了广泛的合作。

至今，两国之间的合作关系不断加深，成为中外文明交流的典范。

三、中国与日本建交中国与日本建交的历史可以追溯到1972年，当时中国和日本政府签订了《中日联合声明》。

这一声明奠定了两国正式建立外交关系的基础，并为两国之间的交流与合作铺平了道路。

两个国家建交的标准建交是指两国之间建立外交关系，开展各方面的交流与合作。

建交的标准是国际关系中的重要原则，以下是建交的几个方面：1. 国家主权平等建交的首要条件是两个国家的主权平等。

主权是国家的基本权利，包括国家独立、统一、领土完整等。

只有当两个国家的主权平等时，才能够进行公平、公正的外交谈判和合作。

2. 互相尊重主权和领土完整建交的另一个重要条件是互相尊重主权和领土完整。

这包括尊重国家的主权、独立、统一和领土完整，不干涉他国内政，不侵犯他国领土等。

只有当双方都尊重彼此的主权和领土完整时，才能够建立稳定、可靠的外交关系。

3. 互不侵犯互不侵犯是指两国之间不进行军事、政治、经济等方面的侵略和威胁。

这是维护国际和平与稳定的基本原则，也是建交的重要条件之一。

4. 互不干涉内政互不干涉内政是指两国之间不干涉彼此的内部事务，尊重彼此的制度、文化、宗教等。

这是维护国际关系中相互尊重、平等协商的原则，也是建交的重要条件之一。

5. 平等互利平等互利是指两国之间在外交、经济、文化等方面进行平等、互惠的交流与合作。

这是建立友好合作关系的基础，也是建交的重要条件之一。

6. 和平共处和平共处是指两国之间在相互尊重、平等协商的基础上，通过和平方式解决争端和分歧，共同维护地区和世界的和平与稳定。

这是建交的重要原则之一，也是国际关系中的基本准则。

7. 友好合作友好合作是指两国之间在各领域开展友好、互利的合作，促进两国之间的交流与合作，增进两国人民之间的友谊和理解。

这是建交的重要目标之一，也是维护国际和平与稳定的重要途径。

操作一：建交参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDDA TE：March 2nd 2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear Madam,Thank you for your interest shown in our products during the 2000 International Fair, Geneva. It was a pity that we didn't have the chance to talk with you in detail at that time.We are writing you to introduce ourselves as one of the leading ceramics Imp. & Exp. companies in China and express our sincere wish to enter into business relationship with you. Having handled this line of business for over 20 years, we now enjoy a high reputation among our clients the world over. Our commodities, ranging from tea and dinner sets to kitchenware, are carefully designed to cater to customers with different tastes.Our 15pc. tea sets, in which you have shown special interested, have already met with warm welcome in other Japanese cities for it can not only be put to daily use but also be kept as collection. And we are confident that through our mutual efforts, they will find a steady demand in Tokyo.Please consult the catalog sent by air- mail, and we await your early inquiry with much interest. Best regards!Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd.XXXSales Manager操作二：报价参考商品：15头茶具货号：NF911151. 实际成本＝100－(100/1.17)× 9%＝92.3077（元）2. 一个20英尺集装箱所装货物的数量为：25/(0.545×0.285×0.407) ＝395箱4×395 ＝1580（套）3. 国内费用＝(1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000)/1580＝6000/1580 ＝3.7975（元）4. 出口运费＝820/1580＝0.5190（美元）5. FOBC5报价＝(92.3077+3.7975)/[8.25× (1－5%－10%)]＝11.6491/0.85＝13.70（美元）CIFC5报价＝[(92.3077+3.7975)/8.25+0.5190]/(1－5%－10%－1%×1.1) ＝14.50（美元）商品：220CC咖啡杯碟货号：NC9041. 实际成本＝60－(60/1.17)× 9%＝55.3846（元）2. 一个20英尺集装箱所装货物的数量为：25/(0.4×0.353×0.332) ＝533箱8 ×533 ＝4264（盒）3. 国内费用＝(1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000)/4264＝6000/4264 ＝1.4071（元）4. 出口运费＝820/4264＝0.1923（美元）5. FOBC5报价＝(55.3846+1.4071)/[8.25× (1－5%－10%)]＝6.8838/0.85＝8.10（美元）CIFC5报价＝[(55.3846+1.4071)/8.25+0.1923]/(1－5%－10%－1%×1.1) ＝8.43（美元）商品：16件厨房杂件货号：NY10216/4081. 实际成本＝80－(80/1.17)× 9%＝73.8462（元）2. 一个20英尺集装箱所装货物的数量为：25/(0.565×0.35×0.24) ＝526箱2 ×526 ＝1052（套）3. 国内费用＝(1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000)/4264＝6000/1052 ＝5.7034（元）4. 出口运费＝820/1052＝0.7795（美元）5. FOBC5报价＝(73.8462+5.7034)/[8.25× (1－5%－10%)]＝9.6424/0.85＝11.34（美元）CIFC5报价＝[(73.8462+5.7034)/8.25+0.7795]/(1－5%－10%－1%×1.1) ＝12.42（美元）商品：20头餐具货号：NY911201. 实际成本＝90－(90/1.17)× 9%＝83.0769（元）2. 一个20英尺集装箱所装货物的数量为：25/(0.565×0.285×0.25) ＝621箱2 ×621 ＝1242（套）3. 国内费用＝(1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000)/1242＝6000/1242 ＝4.8309（元）4. 出口运费＝820/1242＝0.6602（美元）5. FOBC5报价＝(83.0769+4.8309)/[8.25× (1－5%－10%)]＝10.6555/0.85＝12.54（美元）CIFC5报价＝[(83.0769+4.8309)/8.25+0.6602]/(1－5%－10%－1%×1.1)＝13.49（美元）操作三：发盘参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDDA TE：March 12nd 2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear Madam,Thanks for your letter of March 7th . We are glad to learn that our commodities have met your need. At your request, we now offer our favorable quotation as follows:Commodity：15pc Tea Set 220cc Cup &Saucer16pc Kitchenware 20pc Dinner SetART.NO.：NF91115 NC904 NY10216/408 NH91120Packing: 1 SET/BOX4BOXES/CARTON395 CTNS/20'FCLHALFDOZ./BOX8BOXES/CARTON533 CTNS/20'FCL1 SET/COLARBOX2BOXES/CARTON526 CTNS/20'FCL1 SET/COLARBOX2BOXES/CARTON621 CTNS/20'FCLMEASURE: 54.5x28.5x40.7 40x35.3x33.2 56.5x35x24 56.5x28.5x25 GROSS/NET：19/14.5 KGS 25/23.5 KGS 14/11 KGS 20/16.5 KGS PRICE(CIFC5YOKOHAMA):@ US$ 14.50/SET @ US$ 8.43/BOX @ US$ 12.42/SET @ US$ 13.49/SETShipment: Within 40 days of the receipt of the relevant L/C.Payment: Irrevocable sight L/C in our favor issued by a bank acceptable to the seller for full amount of contract value.Insurance: To be effected against W.P.A., Risk of Clash & Breakage and War Risk for 110% of total invoice value.We hope that you will find the price reasonable, in case you need further information, please contact us without any hesitation.By the way, please be noted that we can only hold this quotation valid for 8 days. Your early reply will be appreciated.Best regards,Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd.XXXSales Manager操作四：还价参考一. 根据对方还盘，四种商品的利润额和总利润率为:1. NF91115成交金额：13×395×4×8.25＝169,455.00实际成本：100×395×4×1.08/1.17＝145,846.1538国内费用：1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000＝6,000.00海运运费：820×8.25＝6,765.00保险费用：169455×110%×1%＝1,864.005客户佣金：169455×5%＝8,472.75预期利润：169,455.00 - 145,846.16 - 6,000.00 - 6,765.00 - 1,864.005- 8,472.75＝507.092. NC904成交金额：7.5×533×8×8.25＝263,835.00实际成本：60×533×8×1.08/1.17＝236,160.00国内费用：1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000＝6,000.00海运运费：820×8.25＝6,765.00保险费用：263835×110%×1%＝2,902.185客户佣金：263835×5%＝13,191.75预期利润：263,835.00 - 236,160.00 - 6,000.00 - 6,765.00 - 2,902.185- 13,191.75＝- 1183.943. NY10216/408成交金额：11.2×526×2×8.25＝97,204.80实际成本：80×526×2×1.08/1.17＝77,686.1538国内费用：1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000＝6,000.00海运运费：820×8.25＝6,765.00保险费用：97,204.80×110%×1%＝1,069.2528客户佣金：97,204.80×5%＝4,860.24预期利润：97,204.80 - 77,686.1538 - 6,000.00 - 6,765.00 - 1,069.2528- 4,860.24 ＝824.154. NH91120成交金额：12.2×621×2×8.25＝125,007.30实际成本：90×621×2×1.08/1.17＝103,181.5384国内费用：1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000＝6,000.00海运运费：820×8.25＝6,765.00保险费用：125,007.30×110%×1%＝1,375.0803客户佣金：125,007.30×5%＝6,250.365预期利润：125,007.30 - 103,181.53 - 6,000.00 - 6,765.00 - 1,375.0803- 6,250.365 ＝1,435.32总利润额：507.09 - 1183.94 + 824.15 + 1435.32＝1582.62元总利润率：（507.09 - 1183.94 + 824.15 + 1435.32）169,455.00+263,835.00+97,204.80+125,007.30＝0.24%二如果接受对方还盘，又保持8％的出口利润率，则采购价格为1.NF91115[13×(1-5%-8%-110%×1%)-820/1580] ×8.25-6000/1580＝84.048584.0485/1.08×1.17 ＝91.052.NC904[7.5×(1-5%-8%-110%×1%)-820/4264] ×8.25-6000/4264＝50.157150.1571/1.08×1.17 ＝54.343.NY10216/408[11.2×(1-5%-8%-110%×1%)-820/1052] ×8.25-6000/1052＝67.237367.2373/1.08×1.17 ＝72.844.NH91120[12.2×(1-5%-8%-110%×1%)-820/1242] ×8.25-6000/1242＝76.180876.1808/1.08×1.17 ＝82.53三在成本、运费和利润率改变的情况下重新报价(结果保留1位小数)1.NF91115[(95/1.17×1.08+6000/1580)/8.25+800/1580]/(1-5%-10%-110%×1%)＝[11.0897+0.5063]/0.839 ＝13.82.NC904[(55/1.17×1.08+6000/4264)/8.25+800/4264]/(1-5%-8%-110%×1%)＝[6.3244+0.1876]/0.859 ＝7.63.NY10216/408[(75/1.17×1.08+6000/1052)/8.25+800/1052]/(1-5%-8%-110% ×1%)＝[9.0829+0.7605]/0.859 ＝11.54.NH91120[(85/1.17×1.08+6000/1242)/8.25+800/1242]/(1-5%-10%-110%×1%)＝[10.0961+0.6441]/0.839＝12.8操作五：还盘参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDDA TE：March 22nd 2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear Madam,We are sorry to hear that you do not consider our price competitive.Nowadays price is no more the dominant factor in promoting sales; quality guarantees the market. Our products enjoy a fame of excellent quality, graceful design, soft color and reasonable price, all of which will add to your marketing force.Your situation is well understood and in view of showing our sincerity in concluding the deal, we would like to give you a special quotation, which we think will help you get a successful start in the market and partly cover the cost of your sales promotion.COMMODITY ART. NO. CIFC5 YOKOHAMA15PC TEA SET NF91115 @ US$ 13.8/SET220CC CUP & SAUCER NC904 @ US$ 7.6/BOX16PC KITCHENWARE NY10216/408 @ US$ 11.5/SET20PC DINNER SET NH91120 @ US$ 12.8/SETAccording to our usual practice, usance D/P will be accepted only after we have established a satisfactory long-term business relationship. For this first transaction, L/C at 30 days' sight is the best we can do.The products are marketable, and we could keep the offer valid for another 8 days. Please take the opportunity and send us immediately your affirmative reply.With best regards!Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.XXXSales Manager操作六：成交参考商品: CHINESE CERAMIC1. 成交金额：(13.8×3160+7.6×4264+11.5×2104+12.8×1242)×8.25＝116108×8.25 ＝957,891.00（元）2. 实际成本：（95×3160+55×4264+75×2104+85×1242）×（1-1/1.17%×9%）＝798090×1.08/1.17＝736,698.45（元）3. 国内费用：(1000+250+50+1200+1500+2000)×6＝36,000（元）4. 出口运费：800×6×8.25＝39,600（元）5. 出口保费：957,891×110%×1%＝10,536.801（元）6. 客户佣金：957,891×5%＝47,894.55（元）上缴利润＝成交金额－实际成本－国内费用－出口运费－保费－佣金＝957,891－736,698.45－36,000－39,600－10,536.801－47,894.55＝87161.20（元）利润率＝利润额/成交金额＝87161.20/957891＝9.10%操作七：合同参考<1> <2>上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDDA TE：April 1,2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear Madam,Thank you for your Order No.FJD-CN01.Attached is our signed S/C No.MH-FJDSC08 in duplicate. Please kindly countersign them and return one copy for our file.We assure you that we will try our best to execute the contract strictly conforming to the S/C stipulations. And we hope the goods will turn out to be satisfactory in your market. Please open the relative L/C in our favor immediately so that we can arrange shipment.Best regards!Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd.xxxxxSales Manager操作七：合同参考<1> <2>SALES CONFIRMATIONS/C No.: MH-FJDSC08Date: April 1st 2001The Seller:SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP./EXP.CO.,LTDThe Buyer: FUJIDA TRADING CO., LTD. Address: RM. 9012 UNION BUILDING, Address: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING, 11-2 12O2 ZHANGSHAN ROAD(N), FUJIDA 1-CHOME, CHIYODAKU SHANGHAI, CHINA TOKYO 102, JAPANItem No. Commodity &SpecificationsUnit QuantityUnit Price(US$)AMOUNT(US$) CHINESE CERAMIC CIFC5 YOKOHAMA1 15PC TEA SETART. NO. NF91115SET 3160 13.80 43608.002 220CC CUP & SAUCERART. NO. NC904BOX 4264 7.60 32406.403 16PC KITCHENWAREART. NO. NY10216/408SET 2104 11.50 24196.004 20PC DINNER SETART. NO. NH91120SET 1242 12.80 15897.60TOTAL 116,108.00TOTAL CONTRACT V ALUE: SAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHT ONL Y.PACKING:NF91115 1 SET/BOX, 4 BOXES/CTN, 395CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 790CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNC904 HALF DOZ./BOX, 8 BOXES/CTN, 533CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 533CTNS IN 1 20'FCLNF10216/4081 SET/COLAR BOX,2 BOXES/CTN, 526CTNS/20'FCL,TOTAL 1052 CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNH91120 1 SET/COLAR BOX, 2 BOXES/CTN, 621CTNS/20'FCL,TOTAL 621CTNS IN 1 20'FCLTOTAL: 2996 CARTONSPORT OF LOADING & DESTINATION: FROM SHANGHAI TO YOKOHAMA SHIPMENT: TO BE EFFECTED BY THE SELLER DURING MAY 2001WITH PARTIAL SHIPMENTS AND TRANSSHIPMENT PROHIBITED.PAYMENT:BY IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT AT 30 DAYS' SIGHT OPENED BY THE BUYERTHROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THE SELLER TO REACH THE SELLER BEFOREAPRIL 25TH 2001 AND REMAIN V ALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN SHANGHAI UNTILTHE 15TH DAY AFTER THE AFORESAID TIME OF SHIPMENT.INSURANCE: TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF TOTAL INVOICEV ALUE AGAINST W.P.A.,RISK OF CLASH&BREAKAGE AND W AR RISK AS PER AND SUBJECT TO RELEV ANT OCEANMARINE CARGO CLAUSES OF PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA DA TED 1/1/1981.Confirmed by: THE SELLERTHE BUYER SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP./EXP. CO., LTD. XXXREMARKS:1. The buyer shall have the covering letter of credit which should reach the Seller 30 days before shipment, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to regard as still valid whole or any part of this contract not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses thus sustained, if any.2. In case of any discrepancy in Quality/Quantity, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination; while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.3. For transactions concluded on C.I.F. basis, it is understood that the insurance amount will befor 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in the Sales Confirmation. If additional insurance amount or coverage required, the Buyer must have the consent of the Seller before Shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer.4. The Seller shall not hold liable for non-delivery or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods hereunder by reason of natural disasters, war or other causes of Force Majeure, However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer as soon as possible and furnish the Buyer within 15 days by registered airmail with a certifi-cate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade attesting such event(s).5. All deputies arising out of the performance of, or relating to this contract, shall be settled through negotiation.In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its arbitral rules.The arbitration shall take place in Shanghai. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.6. The Buyer is requested to sign and return one copy of this contract immediately after receipt of the same.Objection, if any, should be raised by the Buyer within it is understood that the Buyer has accepted the terms and conditions of this contract.7. Special conditions: ( These shall prevail over all printed terms in case of any conflict.)操作八：审证参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPAN审证意见信用证存在的问题需要修改的理由国外到期易产生逾期交单投保险别有误增加保费支出投保加成错误增加保费支出信用证金额有误无法全额出运货物两个品种货号有误与实际出运货号不符三分之二正本提单议付不妥受益人控制货权有风险三分之一正本提单直寄不妥受益人控制货权有风险受益人地址有误易出现单、证不符操作九：改证参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTDDA TE：April 25th 2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear MadamWe are very glad to receive your L/C No. FJD-MHLC08, but we are quite sorry to find that it contains some discrepancies with the S/C. Please instruct your bank to amend the L/C as follows:1. The place of expiry is in China, instead of "in Japan";2. Insurance should cover "W.P.A. Risk and Clash & Breakage and War Risk for total invoice value plus 10%", instead of "All Risks and War Risk for total invoice value plus 110%''；3. The amount is US$116,108.00, instead of "US$112,467.00"，and the amount in word have been amended accordingly；4. The covering goods is"Chinese Ceramic 15pc Tea set Art. No. NF91115, 220cc Cup & Saucer Art. No. NC904, 16pc Kitchenware Art. No. NY10216/408, and 20pc Dinner Set Art. No. NH91120", instead of "Chinese Ceramic 15pc Tea set Art. No. 91115,220cc Cup & Saucer Art. No. NC904, 16pc Kitchenware Art. No. NY10216, and 20pc Dinner Set Art. No. NH91120";5. 3/3 original clean on board ocean B/L made out to order and endorsed to our order marked "Freight Prepaid" and notify applicant is presented for negotiation.6. Delete Special Instructions 5) and insert the clause" Certificate stating that None-negotiable Shipping Documents must airmailed to Fujida Trading Co., Ltd., within 2 days after shipment is effected".7. The address of the beneficiary is 'RM.9012' instead of 'RM.9021'. Please amend the above accordingly.Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd. xxxxxxSales Manager操作十： 订舱参考 <1> <2> <3>公司编号: BH08MH 出 口 货 物 订 舱 委 托 书日期: 9-May-011)发货人 SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.&EXP. CO., LTD.1202 ZHONGSHAN ROAD(N), SHANGHAI CHINA 4)信用证号码 FJD-MHLC08 5)开证银行 THE FUKUOKA BANK, LTD 6)合同号码MH-FJDSC087)成交金额 US$116,108.008) 装运口岸 SHANGHAI 9)目的港 YOKOHAMA2)收货人 TO ORDER10)转船运输 NO11)分批装运 NO12)信用证效期 15-Jun-01 13)装船期限 31-May-01 14)运费 PREPAID 15)成交条件 CIFC5 YOKOHAMA 16)公司联系人 XXX17)电话/传真 X X X3)通知人 FUJIDA TRADING CO., LTD TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING , 11-2 FUJIDA 1-CHOME, CHIYODAKU, TOKYO 102, JAPAN 18)公司开户行 Bank ofChina 19)银行帐号 11950582120)特别要求21)标记唛码 22)货号规格 23)包装件数 24)毛重 25)净重 26)数量 27)单价 28)总价CHINESE CERAMIC CIFC5 YOKOHAMAMH-FJDSC08 15PC TEA SETFUJIDANO.NF91115790CTNS 15010KG S 11455KGS 3160 SETSUSD13.80 USD43,608.0YOKOHAM A 220CC CUP &SAUCERNO.1-2996 NO.NC904 533CTNS 13325KG S 12525.5KG S 4264BOXE SUSD7.60USD32,406.416PCKITCHENW AR ENO.NY10216/408 1052CTN S 14728KG S11572KGS2104 SETSS USD11.50USD24,196.020PC DINNER SETNO.NH91120 621CTNS12420KG S 10246.5KG S 1242 SETSS USD 12.80 USD15,897.629)总件数 30)总毛重 31)总净重 32)总尺码33)总金额 2996CTN S 55483KG S 45799KGS 149.855 M3US$116,108.00 34)备注操作十： 订舱参考 <1> <2> <3>C O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E1) SELLER3) INVOICE NO. 4) INVO SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD. MH-FJDSC089-May-0Address: RM.9012 UNION BUILDING , 5) L/C NO. 6) DATE 1202 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, (N) FJD-MHLC0814-Apr-0SHANGHAI, CHINAISSUED BYTHE FUKUOKA CITY BANK, LTD.2) BUYER 8) CONTRACT NO. 9) DATEFUJIDA TRADING CO.,LTD TOKYO 102, JAPAN1-Apr-01Address: TOKYO FJIDA BUILDING, 11-2 10) FROM 11) TOFUJIDA 1 - CHOME, CHIYODAKU SHANGHAI YOKOHAMATOKYO 102, JAPAN 12) SHIPPED BY 13) PRICE TERMCIF YOKOHAMA14) MARKS 15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY. 17) UNIT PRICE 18) AMOUNMH-FJDSC08 CHINESE CERAMIC CIF YOKOHAMAFUJIDA 15PC TEA SETYOKOHAMA ART.NO.NF91115 3160 SETS USD13.80 USD 43,608 NO.1-2996 220CC CUP & SAUCERART.NO.NC904 4264BOXES USD 7.60 USD 32,40616PC KITCHENWAREART. NO. NY10216/408 2104 SETS USD 11.50 USD 24,19620PC DINNER SETART. NO. NH91120 1242 SETS USD 12.80 USD 15,897TOTAL: USD116,10819)TOTAL V ALUESAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHT ONL Y.20) CERTIFICATIONTHE GOODS ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN21)PACKINGNF91115 1 SET/BOX, 4 BOXES/CTN, 395CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 790CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNC904 HALF DOZ./BOX, 8 BOXES/CTN, 533CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 533CTNS IN 1 20'FCLNF10216/408 1 SET/COLAR BOX, 2 BOXES/CTN, 526CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 1052 CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNH91120 1 SET/COLAR BOX, 2 BOXES/CTN, 621CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 621CTNS IN 1 20'FCL22)GROSS WEIGHT55483KG TOTALL/C NO. FJD-MHLC08S/C NO.MH-FJDSC0823) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD.24) SIGNATUREXXX5 COPIES 操作十：订舱参考<1> <2> <3>P A C K I N G L I S T1) SELLER 3) INVOICE NO. 4) INVOICSHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD. MR-FJDINV082001-5-9Address: RM.9012 UNION BUILDING, 5) FROM 6) TO1202 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, (N) SHANGHAI YOKOHASHANGHAI, CHINA 7) TOTAL PACKAGES(IN WORDS)TWO THOUSAND NINE HUNDRECARTONS2) BUYER 8) MARKS & NOS.FUJIDA TRADING CO.,LTD MR-FJDSC08Address: TOKYO FJIDA BUILDING, 11-2 FUJIDAFUJIDA 1 - CHOME, CHIYODAKU YOKOHAMATOKYO 102, JAPAN NO.1-29969) C/NOS. 10) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. 11)ITEM12)QTY. 13) G.W.(kg) 14) N.W.(kCHINESE CERAMIC1-790 790 CTNS 15PC TEA SET 3160 SETS 19/15010 14.5/11455ART.NO.NF91115791-1323 533 CTNS 220CC CUP & SAUCER 4264BOXES 25/13325 23.5/1252ART.NO.NC9041324-2375 1052 CTNS 16PC KITCHENWARE 2104 SETS 14/14728 11/11572ART. NO.NY10216/4082376-2996 621 CTNS 20PC DINNER SET 1242 SETS 20/12420 16.5/10246.5 24.999ART. NO. NH91120TOTAL: 2996 CTNS 55483KGS 45799KGS 149.855 L/C NO. FJD-MHLC0816) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI MINHUA IMP. & EXP. CO . LTD17) SIGNATUREXXX3 COPIES 操作十一：报关参考中华人民共和国海关出口货物报关单预录入编号: 海关编号:出口口岸上海备案号出口日期2001-5-20申报日期2001-5-12经营单位上海闵华进出口有限公司运输方式海运运输工具名称SEA DOGV.13提运单号MH-FJDBL08发货单位上海闵华进出口有限公司贸易方式一般贸易征免性质结汇方式信用证许可证号运抵国(地区)日本指运港YOKOHAMA境内货源地上海批准文号成交方式CIF 运费USD4800.00保费RMB5400.13杂费RMB36000.00合同协议号MH-FJDSC08 件数2996包装种类CARTONS毛重(公斤)55483净重(公斤)45799集装箱号AZ750806－11 随附单据商业发票及装箱单生产厂家上海闵华进出口有限公司标记唛码及备注MH-FJDSC08FUJIDAYOKOHAMANO.1-2996项号商品编号商品名称、规格型号数量及单位最终目的国(地区)单价总价币制征免016911.1010CHINESE CERAMIC横滨(日本) USDART.NO.NF91115 3160SETS 13.8 43608ART.NO.NH91120 1242sets 12.8 15897.6ART.NO.NC904 4264BOXES 7.6 32406.40ART. NO. NY10216/4082104 SETS 11.5 24196.00116108.00录入员录入单位兹声明以上申报无讹并承担法律责任海关审单批注及放行日期(签章)报关员审单审价XXX单位地址申报单位(签章) 征税统计上海中山北路1202号上海闵华进出口有限公司联合大厦9012室邮编电话填制日期查验放行XXX 64537876 2001-5-12操作十二：投保参考、装船参考海运出口货物投保单1)保险人：2)被保险人：中国人民保险公司上海闵华进出口有限公司8)运输工具: (船名) (航次)SEA DOG V.139)装运港: SHANGHAI 10)目的港: YOKOHAMA11)投保险别: 12)货物起运日期20-May-01 W.P.A.RISK OF CLASH & BREAKAGEWAR RISKAS PER I.C.C. OF P.I.C.C.13)投保日期：14)投保人签字：15-May-01 SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP./EXP. CO., LTD.XXX操作十二：投保参考、装船参考上海闵华进出口有限公司Shanghai Minhua Imp. & Exp. Co. , Ltd.Add: Rm.9012 Union Building, Fax: 86-21-645378431202 Zhongshan Road (N), Tel: 86-21-64537876Shanghai, ChinaFUJIDA TRADING CO.，LTD DA TE：May 15th 2001ADD: TOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING，11－2FUJIDA 1－CHOME，CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102，JAPANDear Madam:We are glad to inform you that the goods under L/C No.FJD-MHLC08 covering 2996 cartons of Chinese Ceramic have been dispatched by Seadog V13 this morning , the B/L no. is MH-FJDBL08 and the total invoice value is US$116,108.00.In accordance with your request, we enclosed one full set of copy documents, including commercial invoice, packing list, certificate of Chinese origin and bill of lading, for your clearance.Please make arrangement to receive the goods.Best regards!Yours truly,Shanghai Minhua Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd.XXXXSales Manager操作十三：议付参考<1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> <10>BILL OF EXCHANGENo. MH-FJDSC08For US$116108.00 SHANGHAI 27-M(place and date of issu (amount in figure)At 30 DAYS' sight of this FIRST Bill of exchange(SECpay to BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI BRANCH or oSAY UNITED STATES DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED TWELVE THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVEN ONL Y(amount in words)Value received for 10770SETS of CHINESE CERAMIC( quantity ) ( name of commodity )Drawn under THE FUKOKA CITY BANK, LTD.L/C No. FJD-MHLC08 dated 14-Apr-01To: THE FUKOKA CITY BANK, LTD. For and on behalf ofINTERNATIONAL DIVISION SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO1-1 HAKATAEKIMAE 3-CHOME HAKATA-KUFUKUOKA 812-91, JAPAN XXX(Signature)操作十三：议付参考<1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> <10>B I L L O F L A D I N G1)SHIPPER 10)B/L NO. MR-FJDBL08SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD.Address: RM.9012 UNION BUILDING,1202 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, (N)C O S C OSHANGHAI, CHINA2)CONSIGNEE中国远洋运输（集团）总公司TO ORDERCHINA OCEAN SHIPPING (GROUP)3)NOTIFY PARTYFUJIDA TRADING CO., LTDTOKYO FUJIDA BUILDING , 11-2FUJIDA 1-CHOME, CHIYODAKUTOKYO 102, JAPAN4)PLACE OF RECEIPT 5)OCEAN VESSELSHANGHAI SEADOG6)VOYAGE NO. 7)PORT OF LOADING ORIGINALV.13 SHANGHAI8)PORT OF DISCHARGE 9)PLACE OF DELIVERY Combined Transport BILL OF LADING YOKOHAMA11)MARKS 12) NOS. & KINDS OF PKGS. 13)DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 14) G.W.(kg) 15) MEAS(m3)MR-FJDSC08FUJIDAYOKOHAMANO1-2996 2996 CARTONS CHINESE CERAMIC 55483 149.855FREIGHT PREPAIDL/C NO. FJD-MHLC0816)TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTAINERSOR PACKAGES(IN WORDS)SAY TWO THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND NINTY SIX CART FREIGHT & CHARGES REVENUE TONS RATE PER PREPAID COLLPREPAID AT PAY ABLE AT 17)PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUESHANGHAI 20-May-01 TOTAL PREPAID 18)NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B(S)LTHREE 21) 倪永海LOADING ON BOARD THE VESSEL COSCO SHANGHAI SHI CO.,LTD.19)DATE 20-May-01 20)BY 倪永海AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER CCOSCO SHANGHAI SHIPPING CO.,LTD. OCEAN SHIPPING(GROUP) COMENDORSEMENT: SHANGHAI MINHUA IMP. & EXP CO,. LTD.X X X 3 COPIES操作十三：议付参考<1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> <10>C O M M E R C I A L I N V O I C E1) SELLER 3) INVOICE NO. 4) INVOSHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD. MH-FJDSC08 9-May-0Address: RM.9012 UNION BUILDING, 5) L/C NO. 6) DATE1202 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, (N) FJD-MHLC08 14-Apr-0SHANGHAI, CHINA ISSUED BYTHE FUKUOKA CITY BANK, LTD.2) BUYER 8) CONTRACT NO. 9) DATEFUJIDA TRADING CO.,LTD TOKYO 102, JAPAN 1-Apr-01Address: TOKYO FJIDA BUILDING, 11-2 10) FROM 11) TOFUJIDA 1 - CHOME, CHIYODAKU SHANGHAI YOKOHTOKYO 102, JAPAN 12) SHIPPED BY 13) PRICSEADOG V.13 CIF YOK14) MARKS 15) DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 16) QTY. 17) UNIT PRICEMH-FJDSC08 CHINESE CERAMIC CIF YOKOHAMAFUJIDA 15PC TEA SETYOKOHAMA ART.NO.NF91115 3160 SETS USD13.80NO.1-2996 220CC CUP & SAUCERART.NO.NC904 4264BOXES USD 7.6016PC KITCHENWAREART. NO. NY10216/408 2104 SETS USD 11.5020PC DINNER SETART. NO. NH91120 1242 SETS USD 12.80TOTAL:19)TOTAL V ALUESAY US DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHT ONL Y.20) CERTIFICATIONTHE GOODS ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN21)PACKINGNF91115 1 SET/BOX, 4 BOXES/CTN, 395CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 790CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNC904 HALF DOZ./BOX, 8 BOXES/CTN, 533CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 533CTNS IN 1 20'FCLNF10216/408 1 SET/COLAR BOX, 2 BOXES/CTN, 526CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 1052 CTNS IN 2 20'FCLNH91120 1 SET/COLAR BOX, 2 BOXES/CTN, 621CTNS/20'FCL, TOTAL 621CTNS IN 1 20'FCL22)GROSS WEIGHT55483KG TOTALL/C NO. FJD-MHLC0823) ISSUED BYSHANGHAI MINHUA IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD.24) SIGNATUREXXX5 COPIES 操作十三：议付参考<1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> <10>中国人民保险公司THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA总公司设于北京一九四九年立Head office: BEIJING Established in 1949保险单保险INSURANCE POLICY POLI 中国人民保险公司( 以下简称本公司)。