Two Attitudes Toward Part-time Jobs

U校园&大学英语视听说教程21. Which of the following is a cybercrime?B terrorist threat using emojis on Facebook.2. What is the expert's opinion of emojis?D It's helpful to use emojis to avoid misunderstanding.1. Why was English Language Day settled on April 23?C To celebrate William Shakespeare's birthday.2. Which of the following is not an aim of creating Language Days?C To memorize Shakespeare's 400th anniversary.1. What is the finding of the study?D.The more languages you speak, the less likely you will develop cognitive problems.2. Who took part in the study?C.230 men and women with an average age of 73.3. What will be the focus of further studies?B. Whether the protection is applied to other areas of cognition.1. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A.They are classmates.2. How many aspects of the differences are mentioned in the conversation?C.Three aspects: words, spellings and idioms.3. What would Americans say when they mean that "don't waste time and energy in doing something"?B.Don't beat a dead horse!1. Why was Ming arrested by the cops?D.He was mistaken to "hijack" the plane.2. What did the waiter think "ASAP" meant?A new order.3. What are the two speakers talking about?D.Misunderstandings caused by words.1. What is the speaker talking about?D.The job of a dialect coach.2. How do the actors manage to have a proper accent in the movies?C.They have a dialect coach to help them.3. What do we learn about dialect coaches?D.A degree in linguistics may be a must to them.1. Which of the following statements best expresses the speaker's view?A.The words people use can influence their behavior.2. Why are there harmful actions during games?B.Because the players treat their opponents as enemies.3. What did the player do when his way was blocked?C.He threw the ball at the one blocking his way.4. How does the speaker hope to improve the current situation in sports?A.To use positive language on the sports field.1. What language do people in a Doha airport most probably speak, according to the news report?C.English.2. What is many Arabs' opinion of the wide use of English in their country?D.They are worried that English is colonizing their own language.3. What do many immigrants in the Middle East expect to do?D.They want the locals to understand their culture.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.At a theater.2. What does "a wild goose chase" mean now?C.A hopeless search for something.3. Which play does "to eat someone out of house and home" come from?B.Henry IV.4. What does "a green-eyed monster" mean now?A.Being sick with jealousy.1. Why do people express similar ideas in different ways?B.They are in different situations.2. What are the two general levels of usage for language?C.Formal and informal language.3. According to the passage, whom are we speaking to when we say "Would you mind closing the door"?C.A stranger.1. What's the news report mainly about?C.Earning potentials of young adults.2. What do we know about college graduates?A.They were less likely to lose jobs.1. What's the news report mainly about?A.The returns of college education in America.2. According to the survey, who often have difficulty in finding jobs?B.Those who major in subjects with low vocational demands.1. What did the African university leaders meet to discuss?B.Problems higher education is facing.2. What is the problem mentioned by Pinkie Mekgwe, administrator at the University of Johannesburg?A.African universities are lacking funding.3. What should the governments do, according to Ousmane Sene, director of West African Research Center?A.Offer more job opportunities.1. What is the biggest challenge for Chinese students, according to Rebecca?D.Their communication skills.2. Which is not the reason for Chinese students' biggest challenge?A.They don't work hard enough.3. Why do lecturers want students to ask questions, according to Rebecca?C.They want them to understand the subject better.4. Which of the following is the tip Rebecca gives to Chinese students?D.They need to go out and communicate with others.1. How long does Elaine spend on after-class activities in a week?A.10 hours.2. What was the percentage of part-time students employed last year?C.76%.3. What does making a detailed timetable mean?A.Having every detail put into a calendar.4. Which of the following is Dr. Steven's advice?D.To keep one day a week to herself to enjoy her free time.1. According to the speaker, what is the society's attitude toward the humanities?C.The humanities are less important than STEM.2. What does the speaker think of the humanities and STEM?B.They are equally important.3. According to the speaker, why are the humanities important?B.They provide us with social workers, teachers and artists.1. What is this passage mainly about?B.How to solve roommate conflicts.2. How can you deal with your feelings?B.Write down how you feel objectively.3. After the two of you talk, what should you do?A.Be patient and wait.1. What is the news report mainly about?C.American college's failure in achieving its major goals.2. How many college graduates made no obvious gains in the three thinking skills?C.36%.3. How much time do students spend on social activities and out-of-school activities?C.51% of their time.1. Why did Emmanuel sign up for the University of the People?B.Because he had no other options.2. Why is the University of the People tuition-free?A.Its teachers work on a voluntary basis.3. How much is the application fee?D.$50.4. What course does it offer currently?puter science and business administration.1. What does the term "Ivy League" officially refer to?D.An athletic conference in which the eight colleges' sports teams compete.2. How much is the tuition cost for those Ivy League universities each year?A.$35,000.3. In terms of donations, which university ranks the second?B.Yale.4. Which of the following is not the benefit of an Ivy League education?D.Low student-to-professor ratio.1. What is the EU planning to do to EU citizens when they are 18?D.Give them a free Interrail pass.2. What is the reason behind such a move?B.To build a "sense of belonging" among young people in Europe.1. According to the police officer, what percentage of jail inmates are high school dropouts?C.81.2%.2. According to the survey, what jobs are available to those dropouts?B.Jobs that are low-paying and boring.1. What does the study show about Generation Y?A.They occupy over a third of the Indian workforce.2. What is the characteristic of Generation X, according to the study?C.They lay stress on gaining knowledge and loyalty.3. What is important for Generation Y, according to the news report?D.Growth and learning opportunities.1. What will Diane do for the weekend?C.To go to the shore with some colleagues.2. How does the father treat Diane?C.Like a little kid.3. How does the daughter feel about her college?B.She dislikes her college life.4. Why does the daughter want to go out?A.She wants to get away from her father.1. What is Michael's problem?C.He can't decide on taking a gap year or going to university.2. What is Michael's concern about taking a gap year?A.He is worried about not having much money.3. What is Dr. Mary Clagett's suggestion to Michael?B.Joining a volunteer program that doesn't cost much.4. What will Michael decide to do?C.Attend the gap year program because he can learn by doing.1. What does the speaker think of 30-year-old guys?C.They are different.2. Who belongs to the motleyest part among the 30-year-old guys?D.30-year-old single guys.3. What do the first type of 30-year-old single guys expect their girl to be like?C.She has a great career and many friends.1. Why did the speaker quit the part-time job of house-painting?A.He wanted to be a poet.2. What happened to the speaker in Afghanistan?C.He blacked out and had a liver problem.3. What did the speaker finally settle down to do?B.Being a teacher.4. What is the speaker's attitude toward uncertainty and settling down?D.It is not necessary for people to avoid uncertainty.1. What is the news report mainly about?D.Different attitudes toward hard work and success.2. Who are likely to see themselves as "masters of their fate"?A.Americans.3. What might influence young people's opinions and beliefs?C.Economic conditions.1. What is Paula complaining about?D.The old ladies thought young people were too lazy.2. How many jobs does Paula have to do now?B.2.3. What is the major problem the young generation is facing?B.There are too many young people with too few jobs.4. What was uncommon in the old ladies' time?A.Attending college.1. What is the speaker's attitude toward volunteering abroad?D.It may affect people in need in a wrong way.2. What caused the rise in the number of orphanages in Cambodia?A.The rise of tourism.3. What can we encourage young people to do?B.To learn how to serve.4. What should a volunteer learn?B.To avoid being too much of a distraction.1. What does the news report say about Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal?C.They are on a national tour for their play Love Letters.2. What do we learn about the film Love Story?D."Love means never having to say you're sorry" is often used nowadays.1. How many couples were present at the Saturday ceremony?D.1,201.2. Why did the couples come to Western Michigan University?B.To set a Guinness World Record.1. What's the news report mainly about?C.Changes in the ways of dating.2. Which of the following was a common way to find a partner in the US in 1940?B.Through family connections.3. When had the Internet changed the way people got together?C.By 2000.1. What are the three speakers talking about?C.Whether it is important to date in college.2. What happened to Sophia?B.She broke up with her high school boyfriend.3. Which of the following is true of Jane?C.It's all right for her to lead her own life without dating someone.1. What are the two speakers talking about?B.A piece of news.2. Whose wedding does the Burger King wedding refer to?B.A couple who fell in love at Burger King.3. Why did the wedding draw national attention?B.Because the Burger King company paid for the wedding expenses.4. When did the couple get the nickname Burger King?A.When they were in fifth grade and helped to set up a yo-yo event.1. What is the passage mainly about?C.Campus love.2. Where did Margaret and Archie get to know each other?D.In the zoology lab.3. What can Archie remember clearly about Margaret?A.Her neat drawings.4. When does campus love usually take place, according to the speaker?B.When the two people are both pursuing the same goal.1. What kind of women do most Indian men marry?A.Women less educated than themselves.2. What was the percentage of never-married women aged 45-49 in 2010?A.0.07%.3. According to the passage, what might be a barrier to marriage in 2050?A.Age and education.4. Who will find it difficult to find a partner in 2050?C.Highly educated women and little educated men.1. Whom does "Absence makes the heart grow fonder" apply to?C.Long-distance couples.2. What did Cornell University ask the 63 couples to do besides completing questionnaires?A.Keep a communication diary.3. What are the findings of the survey on the couples in a long-distance relationship?D.They have longer, more meaningful conversations.1. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?D.Brother and sister.2. What is Peter confused about?C.Why his date blew him off.3. What was Peter's answer to "who should invite or plan a date — the man or the woman"?A.The man4. What advice did Mary give to Peter?B.To make dating plans with the girl.1. Why is dating rare in Afghanistan?D.Because most marriages are arranged by parents.2. What do we know about slumber parties?B.Teenagers gather for parties at a home and sleep there.3. In which country is dating against the law?A.Iran.4. Which of the following is the dating custom in Japan?C.Only boys do the asking and pay for the dates.1. Why did most Americans aged 18-29 choose not to use credit cards?C.Credit cards may cause problems.2. What was Rivera advised to do?D.Put off getting a credit card as long as possible.1. What will the UK government do according to the new strategy?B.Charge graduates who fail to pay back their loans.2. Why did the government issue the new strategy?D.The government need to ensure the sustainability of the student finance.1. What was once used as money in American prisons?C.Cigarettes.2. What do the prisoners use ramen to do?B.Hire services from other prisoners.3. Why is ramen replacing traditional cigarettes as money in American prisons?A.It is cheap and easier to get.1. What are the two speakers talking about?D.How to spend a million-dollar lottery.2. How would Tom spend the money?D.Pay back his student loans first.3. What does "hard up for cash" mean?C.Struggling with money.4. What would Li Hua do with the money?A.Buy her parents a big house.1. What is Bob's problem?B.He ordered too many takeaways.2. What is Lily's suggestion to Bob?C.To do more cooking at home.3. According to Lily, why do supermarkets often discount food after 4 p.m.?B.The food is going to expire.4. According to Lily, what do most stores do with their own store brand food?A.They sell them at relatively lower prices.1. Why is Burned writing this letter?A.To ask for some advice.2. What was Burned's problem?B.His friend didn't return the money borrowed from him.3. What does Sugars suggest borrowers do when they can't return the money on time?C.Make a new schedule.4. What is Sugars' suggestion to Burned?D.Write a new email to remind his friend of the money.1. What will a realistic optimist do?C.Keep a budget.2. What is an idealistic optimist comfortable with?B.Living above their earnings.3. What is the characteristic of emotional spenders?C.They lack confidence.1. What information was released by the survey?A.About 3/4 of Americans are living with little or no emergency savings.2. What is the percentage of adults that had no savings at all?D.27%.3. Which is more disappointing according to the news?B.The savings rates haven't changed for several years.1. What do the two speakers want to do for Tom?B.Buy him a skiing video game.2. How much do they plan to spend on the gift?D.$40.3. Why don't they want to ask the store clerk for help?C.The store clerk may recommend something very expensive.4. What will they do in the end?B.Buy a $40 coupon for Tom to buy what he likes.1. What is the passage mainly about?A.American college students' buying power.2. What do American college students spend most of their income on?puters.3. How much do American college students spend on movies, music and video games ina year?B.$3 billion.4. How can marketers achieve loyal purchasing from the young adults?C.By providing them quality products.1. What is the news report mainly about?D.The effect of exercise on middle-aged, overweight men and women.2. What kind of exercise is more valuable?B.Doing moderate intensity exercise every day.1. What is the result of the major oil explorers' change in exploration?A.Improved returns at lower prices.2. What is the new strategy more aware of?D.Costs.1. Which aspect does the "Teach Less, Learn More" policy tend to improve?D.Innovation.2. What are the signs of success in students for the policy?A.They are more confident in engaging in class discussion.3. What are the signs of success in teachers for the policy?C.They are showing increased levels of innovation in the classroom.1. What is Juliet going to do?B.Attend a workshop.2. When did Juliet get interested in minimalism?D.When she was packing for university.3. What is minimalism, according to Juliet?C.The ability to move without many possessions to carry.4. Why does minimalism bring happiness?A.Minimalism reduces our attachment to things and makes us free.1. Which of the following is the symptom of decidophobia?D.Feeling worried about making decisions.2. Why does decision-making scare some people?A.They fear making the wrong decision.3. Which of the following is the cause of decidophobia?A.Certain personality disorders.4. What assistance can people suffering from decidophobia seek?B.Therapy.1. What may be the consequence of not being brief in an interview?B.You will be thought of as not prepared.2. What will people do if they receive long emails?B.Delete or ignore them.3. Which word does McCormack suggest to use to make a mind map?C.BRIEF.4. What does the letter E refer to?D.Decide on what note you want to end a conversation.1. What do we know about Ludwig Mies?C.He was born in Germany.2. What made Mies widely respected in Europe?A.His innovative structures.3. What is significant about Mies and his buildings?C.He focused on the essential elements of the environment and people.1. What does the news report say about being bald?A.Being bald has advantages.2. What were the students asked to do after looking at the images of men?C.Rate their attractiveness and personality.3. What are bald men viewed as?D.Well-educated.1. What's the project "Life Edited" about?C.The idea that less might actually equal more.2. What does "edit decisively" mean?D.Think before we buy.3. What did Graham mean when he said "small is sexy"?A.We need to use space wisely.4. What is the woman's attitude toward Graham's idea?A.She completely agrees with him.1. What did the expert suggest the family restaurant do?B.Reduce their menu to just one page.2. What did the speaker learn from his experience with the website?D.More content does not necessarily lead to a successful website.3. What does the speaker suggest we do when we don't have much time to spend?A.Establish our priorities.4. What is the purpose of the speaker in sharing the stories?D.To show people how doing less can be more.1. What did the study find about the effect of having more job authority?B.It increases symptoms of depression in women.2. Why do women in authority positions suffer from chronic stress?C.They are viewed as either being indecisive or unfeminine.1. What is the right account of "Perez y Martina"?B.It is a tale about a cockroach and a mouse.2. What's the news report mainly about?C.Pura Belpré and her influence.1. What do one third of young Japanese women want to do?B.Be a full-time housewife.2. What's the experts' argument about women?D.They may rescue Japan's economy.3. What do younger women tend to look for?C.A stable lifestyle.1. What was argued about in Tom's class?C.Whether to be a stay-at-home mom.2. What does Feifei's sister do on Fridays?A.Host her kids' playmates.3. Why doesn't Feifei's sister give up her job?D.She finds satisfaction in her job.4. What will Feifei most probably do when she has a baby?C.Apply for a part-time job.1. What did Stella do for the 2016 Olympics?C.She designed the sportswear for the British delegation.2. What did Stella say about sportswear?D.Women athletes didn't have nice sportswear.3. What do the roses, the lions and the other elements in Stella's design represent?D.The different parts of the British Isles.4. What's attractive about taking on an Olympic-related project for Stella?C.The idea of doing something different.1. Why was Nicola Thorp fired on her first day as a corporate receptionist?A.She was not properly dressed as required.2. What is the speaker's opinion about Thorp being fired?A.It's a kind of gender inequality.3. What is the speaker's attitude toward dress policies?C.Clients' expectations should be considered in making a dress policy.4. What was the public's reaction to Thorp being fired?A.Many people appealed to the government to withdraw this decision.1. What do we know about Katharine Meyer Graham?C.She led The Washington Post to success.2. What do we know about The Washington Post?A.It was a failing newspaper in 1933.3. What did The New York Times newspaper publish in 1971?D.American involvement in the Vietnam War.4. Why did The Washington Post become famous around the world?C.Because of its two major reports.1. What do we know about the study?D.It found that working women are more likely to be overweight.2. Which of the following is the worst thing, according to obesity researchers?A.Sitting.3. What is a challenge for the working women?D.Balancing work with a healthy diet.1. What did Abubakar's Instagram show?A.Everyday life of Borno State.2. What do the local and international media fail to see in Borno State?D.Life.3. Why did Abubakar take pictures of a gorgeously-dressed older man?C.She likes very traditional Borno State dressing.4. Why did Abubakar take pictures of children?B.She wanted to show they are happy despite their sufferings.1. Who were among the NASA researchers that few knew about?B.A group of black women.2. What do we know about Katherine Johnson?D.She did calculations for space flight.3. How did Katherine Johnson feel about her work?D.She was just doing her work.4. What's the passage mainly about?D.The black women behind space flights.1. What's the news report mainly about?B.A dog elected mayor of a town.2. What is Duke's most remarkable contribution to the town?B.He helps to slow down the traffic.1. Why is there a common fear of snakes according to the new research?D.Because people are born with the ability to learn to fear snakes.2. Which of the following is the finding of the psychologists?C.Babies are skilled at noticing images of snakes.1. What is the news report mainly about?izens' reactions to a girl weeping next to a dead dog.2. What do we know about the dog in the picture?D.It was killed.3. What is the influence of the picture?C.Many people called for a ban on the consumption of dog meat.1. What are the two speakers talking about?C.The factors that determine which pets to keep.2. What pets are most popular in the US and Canada?B.Dogs and cats.3. Why is a goldfish thought to bring good luck?B.Its gold color is thought to be a symbol of wealth.4. Which animals are taken as examples of lifestyle difference factors?C.Bunnies and songbirds.1. What is in dispute according to the speaker?B.Who should be the author of the photos.2. What was the British photographer's opinion toward the dispute?C.He owns the camera and he owns the photos.3. What is the federal judge's opinion toward the lawsuit?C.The monkey shouldn't own the copyright because it isn't human.4. What is the legal affairs reporter's opinion on this issue?A.Copyright law doesn't apply to non-humans.1. When did Bob's date turn unhappy?A.When he ordered beef.2. What is Bob's opinion of eating meat?D.People can eat beef but dogs are man's friends.3. What is most Americans' opinion of eating meat?B.It's normal, natural, and necessary.4. What does the girl Bob dated think of eating meat?C.It's selfish and cruel.1. Why is Khanzir famous?C.He is the only pig in Afghanistan.2. What happened to Khanzir in 2006?C.He was attacked by a bear.3. What is the zoo officials' opinion on keeping pigs in the zoo?C.It would be good to have more pigs.1. What is the news report mainly about?C.Seven animal rights activists were sentenced to prison.2. How did the activists blackmail the companies and individuals?D.They used emails, electro-form and coded messages.3. What is the judge's opinion on this issue?panies had the right to conduct lawful trading.1. Where do the two guests come from?B.The US and South Africa.2. What pet does Tom have?C.A duck called Star.3. How did the hippo come to her owners?A.They saved her from floodwaters.4. What can we find on Jessica's website?D.Jessica is fond of Fred in particular.1. What do we know about whale hunting in Japan?D.Several Japanese towns have a long history of whaling.2. What did the Japanese government say they hunt whales for?B.For scientific research.3. What shouldn't foreigners do, according to the Japanese government?C.To tell Japanese people what they can or cannot eat.4. Why is it difficult to stop Antarctic whaling, according to a whaler?B.There are important political reasons.。

英语四级万能作文模板英语四级万能作文模板在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，作文一定要做到主题集中，围绕同一主题作深入阐述，切忌东拉西扯，主题涣散甚至无主题。

你所见过的作文是什么样的呢？下面是小编为大家收集的英语四级万能作文模板（通用8篇），希望能够帮助到大家。

英语四级万能作文1As is vividly shown in the picture above, sitting in a sofa comfortably, a lovely woman is reading an interesting book and chatting with her husband. Obviously, what the portrayal conveys is that utmost significance should be attached to reading.From reading extensively, we can derive companionship, experience and instruction. First and foremost, a good book is our faithful friend. It can increase our contentment when we are cheerful and happy, and lessen our pain when we are sad or lonely. Furthermore, reading extensively can also offer us a wide range of experiences. Few of us can travel far from home or live long over one hundred, but all of us can live many lives through the pages of books. The last but not the least, reading extensively can increase our intellectual ability, broaden our minds and make us wise.Though with the advent of TV and Internet, books are no longer read as extensively as they once were, nothing can replace the role that reading extensively plays in our lives.英语四级万能作文2To whom it may concern,I am writing to you to apply for a student loan. As a freshman from the English Department, I have much financial difficulty incontinuing my study.There are five members in my family. My father is the only breadwinner of the whole family while my mother was laid off two years ago. My grandmother has been suffering a chronic illness for more than five years. My younger brother is now studying in a high school. I took part-time jobs during the summer vacation, but what I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees. In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a student loan.If my request is granted, I will make good use of the money and put my heart into study. I will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements. I hope that you will consider my application.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Gao Peng英语四级万能作文3Some people say that money is the best thing in the world. But I consider reading books as the best and the most precious thing one can ever have.Reading books is very important. First of all, it is knowledge that makes society develop and by reading books you can get all kinds of knowledge. Furthemore, reading books makes you a qualified person and makes your life enjoyable.One is never too old to learn. No matter what time you rcalize the importance of reading books, you can enjoy it during the rest of your life time. Love books, for they are your best friends.英语四级万能作文4Walking on campus, you always find that you are surrounded by enonnous posters for college societies.There are variousorganizations catering for students' different interests,sucb as Football Club,tbe Guitar Society,the Pop Music Society,and Society of photograpbers,and the Volunteer's Society,etc.The reason why some students are so entbusiastic about college societies is mainly that they can obtain what they can't get from classrooms.Moreover,in tbe societies,students will develop their interests and talents,and gain opportunity to communicate with others, which can help them grow into men or women of all-round development.Taking all tbe above into consideration,I think it is advisable for students to participate in some societies.Out-of-class activities can help them relax after hard work and add enjoyment and excitement to their campus life.Besides,college societies provide students with opportunities to contact witb more people and prepare tbem for life outside campus. Apart from outstanding acadernic acbievements,the modem society requires of young students many qualities,such as being cooperative,innovative, responsible and the students' participating in college societies is a practical approach for their comprehensive development.(188 words)关于大学社团走在大学校园里，你总是会发现，你被大量的大学社团的海报包围了。

2017届苏州高三英语期初调研终稿2016.92016～2017学年苏州第一学期高三期初调研试卷英语第I卷(选择题，共80分)第一部分：听力理解(共两节，满分15分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. When will the newspaper probably arrive?A. Tuesday.B. Wednesday.C. Thursday.2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a grocery store.B. In a kitchen.C. In a restaurant.3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Employer and employee.B. Husband and wife.C. Co-workers.4. What does Mr. Anderson do?A. He is a repairman.B. He is a teacher.C. He is a librarian.5. What will the woman most probably do?A. Leave her bicycle outside.B. Take her bicycle to the repair shop.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)听下面4段对话或独白。

Unit 7 College LifeUseful InformationStudents leave for college at age 17 or 18, many of them have never been away from home and their family. The transition to greater freedom and responsibility may be difficult for them, with no one to wake them up for breakfast or do their laundry, and fewer classes to attend but larger amounts of homework. Some students do not adjust successfully. In the ., where almost 70% of high school graduates enter college, only a minority of these actually graduate. Elsewhere, with fewer attending college, higher percentages may graduate.College has many social attractions, some of which can be distractions. Sports, concerts, parties, and dormitory bull sessions (闲聊) can be very time consuming. The temptation to stay up too late at night or sleep too late in the morning is always present, so self-discipline is an important lesson to learn. In addition many students have part-time jobs, especially in the . where most students have cars and are expected to help their parents pay for tuition or college housing.Students and their parents may disagree on how much time should be devoted to studying. But they usually agree that in addition to some learning and possibly some fun, one of the outcomes of a college education should be a good job. Students who have already worked at part-time jobs have an advantage in the job market, but this is not the only way to improve one’s chances. Many colleges have internships or co-op programs to give students practical experience in their future careers. Others have special classes where students can practice their application forms and letters, résumés, personal statements, and employment interviews. Most colleges have career counselors and either career days or career fairs where students can meet potential employers and learn about career alternatives. Recently many jobs have been listedon the Internet, making it easier to match students with suitable opportunities and more important for students to acquire computer skills.College can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it can also be very stressful. Making their own decisions can be very difficult for young people accustomed to parental supervision. When students make bad decisions, such as drinking too much beer or procrastinating in their studies, they are not always mature enough to admit or correct their mistakes. But having the freedom to make these mistakes, and the obligation to face their consequences, is part of the learning process. When older people look back on their student years, they usually view this as a happy period of life, even if it did not always feel that way at the time.Parents, teachers, advisors, and counselors can help students move successfully from high school to college and from college to careers. But in the last analysis students must do most of this for themselves, with more help than we may realize from their friends and classmates. College students learn as much outside as inside the classroom, and most of this is not learned from adult authority figures. The peer group and the youthful popular culture are increasingly strong influences on today’s students. So parents and other potential role models should try to be aware of this, even if they don’t always appreciate the latest trends in casual clothing or pop music. College is a time of change, and the parents can learn almost as much from this as the students can. They too were once students, just as today’s students will one day be parents.Part One PREPARATION1. Talking about Your High-School ClassmatesSample:I graduated from __________ High School, a key high school in __________ Province. Among the 50 students in my class, 48 are enrolled in universities, mostly national key universities. Three went to Peking University and two to Tsinghua University. The three who went to Peking University are majoring in Law, Philosophy and Physics respectively and the two who went to Tsinghua University are majoring in Computer Science and Information Science. In this university alone there are five of us, doing different majors; three of my former classmates are enrolled in normal universities, one in Beijing Normal University, one in South China Normal University and one in East China Normal University.2. Talking about Your College Life—Expectations vs RealitySample:1) Campus:Expectations—large and beautiful campus with green grass everywhere and a large sports ground, where you can always see students busy and full of vitality.Reality—Just as what I dreamed of – a huge campus with magnificent modern buildings, green trees, blooming flowers and a river flowing around.—Contrary to what I expected, it’s an old campus, large though, with grey buildings like huge match-boxes, little grass, and a few big trees.2) Classroom buildings:Expectations—large new classrooms with modern facilities.Reality—well equipped teaching buildings with multi-media facilities.—large old buildings, with a few classrooms well equipped with modern facilities.3) Dormitories:Expectations—crowded with little space for everyone.Reality—true, but we may choose to live in a double room if we can afford the rent.4) Students’ cafeterias:Expectations—spacious dining halls, full of hungry students.Reality—true, and there is a great variety of food that will definitely appease our appetite.5) Library:Expectations—a large collection of books, journals and periodicals; spacious and well-lit reading rooms.Reality—true except that the reading rooms are not large enough and students have to get there early in order to find a seat.6) Classmates:Expectations—friendly and speaking different dialects.Reality—true.7) Teachers:Expectations—old, gray-haired and wearing thick glasses; strict and formally dressed.Reality—not true because many teachers are very young, especially English teachers, many teachers do not wear glasses and many teachers wear casual clothes.3. Happy College DaysSample1:The most impressive experience for me is running for the chair of the Student Union. I used to be very timid. That experience, however, helped me gain much confidence. For the first time, I made a public speech and realized, all at once, that I had the potential to organize. One thing that shouldn’t be left out is thatmy friends and classmates gave me enormous support. I did appreciate what they had done for me.Sample 2:I believe that the New Year’s Eve of 2004 can never be erased from my mind. Thousands of students gathered in the auditorium waiting for the new year. We held the lighted candles in our hands, our hearts beating with the rhythm of the music. Minutes went by. When the big clock finally turned straight upward, screams and laughter resonated in the hall. We hugged and said New Year’s greetings to each other. It was such a thrilling moment.4. Ten “Cs” Essential for College Stude nts1) Creativity; 2) Commitment; 3) Connection; 4) Confidence; 5) Courage;6) Cooperation; 7) Curiosity; 8) Competence; 9) Consideration; 10) CommunicationPart Two READING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESIn-Class ReadingPre-Reading1) I 2) F 3) J 4) B 5) G 6) C 7)A 8) E 9) D 10) HPassage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record. (l.2-3, Passage I)这个句子中leave 表示to allow or cause something to stay。

跨文化商务沟通复习资料第一章一．文化适应的四个维度P9Dimensions of AcculturationIntegration - persons become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integritySeparation - individuals keep their culture and stay independent of the new culture Assimilation - persons are absorbed into their new culture and withdraw from their old cultureDeculturation - individuals lose their original culture and do not accept the new culture第二章不作为考试重点第三章一．不同文化的人们对待女性，道德标准以及工作的态度不同P47~P56①Attitudes Toward Women：Influenced by cultural roots;U.S. women are supposed to have the same rights as men;Kenya women are considered subordinate to men;Gender differences in the U.S. workplace are de-emphasized - women are accepted at higher levels in government and in many companies；U.S. women have taken two-thirds of new jobs created; they are starting new businesses at twice the rate of men;In France, one-fifth of small businesses are owned by women; in Canada, the rate is one-third；The U.S. and Canada lead the world in the number of women in executive positions; Northern and Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand also have high numbers of women managers.Percentage of Women in Top Management Positions:The Russian Federation 42%，European Union 30%,Australia 23%,United Kingdom 21%,United States 20%,Japan 7%.②Cultural Attitudes Toward Work:Work ethic - hard work is applauded and rewarded; not working is viewed negatively. U.S. persons value work; executives work-56 hours per week.-take 14 days of vacation a year.European persons work-36 to 41 hours per week.-take 4 to 6 weeks of vacation a year.Europeans:Relaxed;Vacation during month of August;Do not work weekends or holidays (The French take longer vacations than people of any other country.) Australians:Value free time; Value short work weekJapanese :Work Monday through Friday, often 18 hours a day;Work until their boss leaves③Attitudes Toward Ethics:Ethical behavior means acting with integrity, honesty, competence, respect, fairness, trust, courage, and responsibility.Ethical standards are guidelines established to convey what is perceived to be corrector incorrect behavior by most people in a society.Ethics: The Four-Way Test:Is it the truth?Is it fair to all concerned?Will it build goodwill and better friendships?Will it be beneficial to all concerned?二．个人主义和集体主义P57Individualism - attitude of valuing ourselves as separate individuals with responsibility for our own destinies and actions.Collectivism - emphasizes common interests, conformity, cooperation, and interdependence.第四章一．文化冲击的阶段P69Stages of Cultural Shock:Stage 1: Excitement and fascination with the new culture; the "honeymoon" stage. Stage 2: Crisis or disenchantment period; excitement has turned to disappointment. Stage 3: Adjustment phase; you begin to accept the new culture, try new foods, see the h umor in situations.Stage 4: Acceptance or adaptation phase; feel at home in the new culture and become involved in activities of the culture.Stage 5: Reentry shock; follows the stages identified earlier: initial euphoria, crisis or disenchantment, adjustment, and adaptation.二．如何缓解文化冲击P71~P74To alleviate cultural shock, try to see the environment from the perspective of the host nationals.①慎重挑选外派人员Alleviating Cultural Shock by Careful Selection of Overseas Personnel(Sensitive, cooperative, able to compromise;Open to others' opinions;Reaction to new situations; appreciation of cultural differences;Understanding of own values and aware-ness of values in other cultures;Reaction to criticism;Understanding governmentsystem;Ability to develop contacts in new culture;Patience and resiliency.)②提供出国前培训Intellectual or classroom model - involves giving facts about the host country using a variety of instructional methods;Area training or simulation model - emphasizes affective goals, culture specific content, and experiential processes;Self-awareness or human relations model - based on the assumption that the trainee with self-understanding will be more effective in the overseas assignment;Cultural awareness model - emphasizes cultural insight and stresses affective goals and an experiential process;Interaction approach - participants interact with people in the host country; Multidimensional approach - attempts to combine cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of training;③提供反馈和奖励Reward systems include special allowances for housing, hardship, home leave, medical, taxes, etc.Appraisal and reward system must reflect the purpose and expectations of theassignment (profit or building a presence in the country).Reward system must compensate for what persons are leaving behind and must be based on the idea of equity④发挥员工的最大潜力Developing Employees to Their Potential:Plan for repatriation, including reasons for the assignment and how the employee will contribute to the company upon his/her return.Allow adequate time for readjustment before employee reports to work.Provide appropriate compensation for transition expenses.Assist in locating proper housing.Show appreciation to family for their contributions.第五章一．高语境和低语境的语言P86High-Context Language 特点：Low-Context Language 特点：二．线性语言和非线性的语言P90Linear Language:Has a beginning and an end;Is logical;Is object oriented;Linear languages look at time on a continuum of present, past, and future (English).Nonlinear Language:Is circular;Is tradition oriented;Is subjective;Nonlinear languages view time asLow Context -Get down to business first -Value expertise and performance -Agreement by specific, legalistic -contract -Negotiates as efficiently as possible High Context -Establish social trust first -Value personal relations and goodwill -Agreement by general trust -Negotiations slow and ritualistic -Nonverbal; cultural aspects are important-Language transmits little of explicit messageExample: Japanese language Chinese language-Restricted code - speech coding system of high-context languages; spoken statement reflects the social relationship-Message is explicit-May be given in more than one way to assure understanding-Very direct and verbalExample: U.S. English (high-context language viewed as a waste of time) Example: Spanish language-Elaborated code - speech coding system of low-context languages; verbal elaboration is necessary due to few shared assumptionscyclical and seasons as ever-repeating pattern (Chinese and Japanese).三．寓言和谚语P92四．语言的性质P94How Languages Differ①②①Syntactic Rules – arrangement of words in a sentence. Subject, verb, object can be combined in six possible ways. English follows mainly a subject-verb-object order (as do French and Spanish). Japanese and Korean have the preferred order of subject-object-verb. Hebrew and Welsh follow verb-subject-object. The object does not come first in any language.②Meanings - Denotative (Japanese Spider Crab), Connotative (Alaskan King Crab), and Figurative (kicking the bucket)Variations in Verbal Style①②③④⑤⑥（了解）①Japanese Verbal Style:The Japanese converse without responding to what the other person says. Emphasis is on nonverbal communication so they do not listen.They prefer less talkative persons and value silence.The Japanese prefer a person say something in as few words as possible.They make excuses at the beginning of a talk for what they are about to say. They do not want apologies for was already said.They use “yes” to mean many different things.②Mexican Verbal Style:The Mexican style seems overly dramatic and emotional by U.S. persons.Mexicans rise above fact; they embellish facts; eloquence is admired.They like to use diminutives, making the world smaller and more intimate.They add suffixes to words to shrink problems. Mexicans come across as less than truthful.Their rationale involves two types of reality - objective and interpersonal. Mexicans want to keep people happy for the moment. When asked directions, if they do not know the answer, they will make up something to appear to be helpful.③Chinese Verbal Style:The Chinese understate or convey meanings indirectly. They use vague terms and double negatives. Even criticism is indirect.Harmony is very important. During negotiations, the Chinese state their position in such a way that seems repetitious.They do not change their point of view without discussing it with the group.They speak humbly and speak negatively of their supposedly meager skills and those of their subordinates and their family.④Verbal Styles in the Arab World:The Arabs encourage eloquence and “flowery” prose. They are verbose, repetitious, and shout when excited.For dramatic effect, they punctuate remarks with pounding the table and making threatening gestures.Arabs view swearing, cursing, and the use of obscenities as offensive.They like to talk about religion and politics but avoid talking about death, illness, and disasters. Emotional issues are avoided.The first name is used immediately upon meeting but may be preceded by the title “Mr.” or “Miss.”⑤German Verbal Style:In the German language, the verb often comes at the end of the sentence. In oral communication, Germans do not get to the point right away.Germans are honest and direct; they stick to the facts. They are a low-context people; everything is spelled out.Germans usually do not use first names unless they are close friends (of which they have few).They do not engage in small talk; their conversations are serious on a wide variety of topics. Avoid conversations related totheir private lives.⑥Language Variations in the U.S.Age - some word s are specific to an age group (“cool”).Gender - men speak more, they repeat more, and more often than women; women are more emotional and use such terms as “sweet,” “darling,” and “dreadful.”Race - Black English includes such terms as rapping (a narration to a musical beat). Regional Variations - distinctive language patterns exist between various parts of the United States.五．语言和文化的相互影响 P102Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - The main idea is that language functions as a way of shaping a person’s experience, not just a device for reporting that experience. Both structural and semantic aspects of a language are involved.Linguistic determinism is the assumption that a person’s view of reality stems mainly from his or her language. Ex: The absence of the word snow in Inuit, the language of the Eskimo people. The language does, however, have numerous words for types of snow, while other languages do not have the equivalent of flaky snow or crusty snow.Bernstein Hypothesis - explains how social structure affects language and is an extension of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Bernstein considers culture, subculture, social context, and social system to be part of social structure. Speech emerges in one of two codes - restricted or elaborated. Channels used in the restricted code would be oral, nonverbal, and paralinguistic. Restricted codes would include highly predictable messages. Elaborated codes are used with strangers; involve messages that are low in predictability. Give very explicit information. The verbal channel is important in elaborated codes, while restricted codes make use of nonverbal and paralinguistic cues.第六章看案例第七章不考第八章一．电子通讯礼仪P157Electronic Communication EtiquetteWhen communicating by telephone, the initial impression is formed more on vocal quality than on words spoken.Good telephone manners include answering the phone promptly, identifying yourself properly, and being courteous at all times.When using voice mail, be brief but complete when leaving a message.When using e-mail, avoid negative or personal information.Proper netiquette avoids the following:shouting - typing the message in all capital lettersdissing - speaking ill of someoneflaming - sending vicious, insulting messagesspamming - mass mailings of commercial advertisements or material cross-posted to numerous newsgroups.二．小费文化P160Tipping:People communicate nonverbally by their tipping practices; those who are basically stingy and those who are basically generous will reveal these traits by their tipping behavior.“Insult tipping” (leaving a few coins) shows a lack of breeding and is always inappropriate.Although a tip of 15 percent of the bill used to be considered a generous tip in fine restaurants, 20 percent is now closer to the norm when the service is excellent.第九章特色食品和饮食禁忌P187Unusual Foods:特色U.S. - corn-on-the-cob, grits, popcorn, marshmallows, crawfishSouth Korea - dog meatSaudi Arabia - sheep's eyeballsMexico - chicken's feet in chicken soupChina - duck's feetRussia - Danish pastry stuffed with raw cabbageSome African countries - gorillaConsumption Taboos:禁忌U.S. - horse meat and dog meatStrict Muslims - pork and alcoholOrthodox Jews - pork, shellfish, meat, and milk togetherHindus - beef。

专升本英语-659(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、China's employment and re-employment situation remains tough with a surge this year in the number of graduates hitting the job market and in unemployment in general, senior official said.(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.What is expected of the unemployment rate for this year?（分数：2.00）A.Less than 4 %.B.About 4%C.More than 4%. √D.The information is not given.解析：细节题。

由第二段段首句得知，去年的失业率达4%，而今年会更高。

2.How many people will be looking for jobs this year?（分数：2.00）A.Around 39 million.B.Over 150 million.C.About 174 million. √D.No exact figure is provide解析：细节题。

将第三、四两段中提到的几个数字相加可知C项正确。

3.What is the most appropriate title for this passage about China's employment'（分数：2.00）A.Tough Year for Job Seekers. √B.College Graduates Challenged by Employment.C.Too Many Workers Laid Off This Year.D.Minister Is Hopeful of Employment Prospectiv解析：主旨归纳题。

大学英语作文段落归纳第一节现象段Sample sentences for imitationI. 今昔对照法1. While ten years ago the name of credit cards was only known to a small number of people, the concept of “buy now pay later” has been widely acc epted.2. While sightseeing used to be viewed as a luxury, tourism has become a household name for the vast majority of the working class.3. Contrary to the traditional idea that honesty is always the best policy, no w an increasing number of young people believe that honesty has been out of style.II. 数字引用法1. According to a recent opinion poll, in the past few years quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but well-paid jobs.2. Statistics show that people who apply to have access to the Internet dou ble every six months.3. According to a recent survey, three families out of ten have owned a per sonal computer in some big cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou.4. As a recent investigation indicates, the percentage of those who ever che ated on tests at college is surprisingly high.III. 反面论述法1. It is hard to imagine what the world would be like if the computer sudde nly vanished from our life and work.2. Without self-confidence, a person will amount to nothing.3. It is hard to find a teenager who hates to follow fashion and sticks to a si mple and plain life style.IV. 现象引述法1. It is indeed the case that many countries have witnessed an increase in c rime.2. Keeping pets is gaining increasing popularity with young people.3. Recent years have seen a boom in the number of Chinese students going abroad for study.4. Surfing on the Internet is getting increasingly popular nowadays.5. People take it for granted that….6. Many a person admires the policy that….V. 论点引述法1. To be a small fish in a big pond or a big fish in a small pond is one of the controversial issues of our times among young college graduates.2. There is always some controversy over whether we should spend money on space exploration or on the problems on earth.3. A much debated issue these days is whether citizens should take our priv ate health insurance or not.4. There has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether fireworks should be banned in the cities.5. Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that children’s scho olbags are becoming heavier and heavier, whether they are from primary s chools or middle schools.6. A hot topic discussed today is whether or not modern technology such as the Internet will ever replace the book or the written word as the main sou rce of information.Sample paragraphs for imitationSample paragraph 1: 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品While decades ago fake commodities were practically unheard of in econ omic life,China is suffering from a boom in inferior and fake goods. According to a r ecent survey, more than 90 percent of those who were questioned admitted to having been tricked into purchasing fake products. Now it seems almost impossible to find one who would say he has never been influenced by ba d products.Sample paragraph 2: 为什么自行车在中国这样普及It is a common scene in commuting hours of every weekday morning an d evening that on streets and roads are running a sea of bicycles. As a rece nt investigation indicates, most families in China own one or two bicycles as their main transport means. It is hard to imagine what their life would b e like if they had to do without this two-wheeled tool.(第二段再解释原因)第二节重要性（作用，优缺点）段Sample sentences for imitation论点句型：1. An interview plays a key/vital role in seeking employment for every coll ege student.2. Green space is of vital importance to ensuring and increasing people’s li ving standard.3. A mobile phone, as is the case with many issues, has both positive and n egative aspects.4. The importance of college students getting an insight into society cannot be overstated.5. Advertising has a profound influence on consumer’s behavior.6. Plastics has found wide application in various fields.7. Now great importance has been attached to job interviews by both the e mployer and the applicant.8. The merit of the Internet lies in many ways. 论据部分可分二种写法：金字塔型和平行法。

大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)C类非英语专业决赛真题2009年Part Ⅰ Listening C o m p r e h e n s i o n(略)Part Ⅱ Vo c abu l a r y and S t r u c t u r eD i r ec t i o n s: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.businessmen in the company, which was1. Although he has no education, he is one of theestablished by Mr. Smith three years ago.A.sternestB.shrewdestC.nastiestziestB 虽然他没有教育背景，但是他是公司里最精明的经营者，而该公司是史密斯先生三年前创建的。

[答题点拨] stern严厉的，苛刻的。

shrewd精明的。

nasty肮脏的，下流的。

lazy懒惰的。

2. The people who had been injured in the explosion lay in agony.A.screechedB.groanedC.screamingD.to shriekC在大爆炸中受伤的人躺着，痛苦地尖叫着。

[答题点拨] screech尖叫。

groan呻吟，叹息。

scream尖声叫。

国外文化差异的英文作文Title: Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences: A Journey into Foreign Cultures。

Introduction:Cross-cultural differences play a significant role in shaping our perceptions, behaviors, and interactions with others. Whether we are traveling abroad, working in a multicultural environment, or simply engaging with diverse communities, understanding these differences is crucial for fostering effective communication and building strong relationships. In this essay, we will delve into the intricacies of foreign cultures and explore the various ways in which they differ from our own.Cultural Values and Norms:One of the most striking differences between cultures lies in their values and norms. For example, whileindividualism is highly valued in Western societies, collectivism prevails in many Eastern cultures. In Western countries, personal achievement and autonomy are encouraged, whereas in Eastern cultures, harmony within the group and respect for authority are prioritized. These fundamental differences influence various aspects of life, including family dynamics, social interactions, and work ethics.Communication Styles:Communication styles vary significantly across cultures, affecting how information is conveyed and interpreted. In some cultures, such as those in East Asia, indirect communication is preferred, with an emphasis on implicit cues and context. Conversely, in Western cultures, direct communication is often favored, with an emphasis on clarity and explicitness. These differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, especially inmulticultural settings where individuals may not be accustomed to each other's communication norms.Social Etiquette:Social etiquette differs widely from one culture to another, encompassing everything from greetings to dining customs. For instance, in some cultures, it is customary to remove one's shoes before entering a home as a sign of respect, while in others, it may be acceptable to keep them on. Likewise, the appropriate level of eye contact, hand gestures, and personal space varies across cultures, reflecting underlying norms and values. Understanding and respecting these differences is essential for navigating social interactions and avoiding unintentional offense.Time Orientation:Cultural attitudes toward time also vary considerably, with some cultures placing a high value on punctuality and efficiency, while others prioritize flexibility and adaptability. In cultures that adhere to a monochronic time orientation, such as many Western societies, time is seen as linear and divided into discrete units, leading to a focus on deadlines and schedules. In contrast, cultures with a polychronic time orientation, such as many MiddleEastern and Latin American cultures, view time as fluid and flexible, emphasizing relationships and spontaneity over strict adherence to schedules.Attitudes Toward Authority:Attitudes toward authority differ significantly across cultures, shaping power dynamics and social hierarchies. In some cultures, such as those in East Asia, respect for authority figures, such as elders and leaders, is deeply ingrained and valued. Hierarchical structures are often emphasized, and deference to those in positions of power is expected. In contrast, in more egalitarian cultures, such as those in Scandinavia, individuals may challengeauthority and engage in open dialogue with superiors. These contrasting attitudes toward authority influence decision-making processes, leadership styles, and organizational dynamics.Conclusion:In conclusion, exploring cross-cultural differencesoffers valuable insights into the rich tapestry of human diversity. By recognizing and appreciating these differences, we can cultivate greater empathy, tolerance, and understanding in our interactions with others. Whether we are navigating foreign lands or engaging with diverse communities in our own backyard, embracing cultural diversity enriches our lives and broadens our perspectives. As we continue to bridge the gaps between cultures, may we strive to celebrate our differences while finding common ground in our shared humanity.。