下载文档原格式
说明：因为很多会议论文的模版都是英文的，我们是中国人，虽然写论文要用English，但是我们可以有中文版的模版说明！本人上传这个文档是为大家写会议论文学习交流使用！翻译只是个人兴趣爱好，但是由于个人经验不是太丰富，有些专有名词翻译可能会有些出入，如有翻译不妥的地方请多包含！如果网友有翻译的更好的可以上传，让我们学习交流！这只是论文模版说明，并没有按其所说的规定进行格式编排，要看原文请参看：MSW_A4_format好了废话不多说了,开始你的论文之旅吧！恋上咖啡的鱼 2012年6月10日论文题目（使用样式：论文题目）副标题根据需要(论文副标题)第一从属作者姓名第二从属作者姓名第一行（从属关系）：部门.组织机构名称第一行（从属关系）：部门.组织机构名称第二行：组织机构名称，可以接受首字母缩写第二行：组织机构名称，可以接受首字母缩写第三行：城市，国家第三行：城市，国家第四行：电子邮箱如需要的话第四行：电子邮箱如需要的话摘要—这个电子文件是“排好版的”模版。
你论文的各种不同的组成部分[论文标题，正文，段落标题等]已经在这样式表中定义了，如文件中部分给出的举例说明。
（摘要）关键词-组件；格式化；类型；式样；插入（关键词）1.介绍（标题1）这个模版，对于个人电脑在MS Word 2003中修改以及保存为“Word 97-2003&6.0/95-RTF”，为作者提供了大部分他们论文需要准备的电子版本的格式规范。
所有标准论文组件被指定因为三个原因：（1）当格式化个人的论文时操作简单，（2）自动符合电子需求,以促进并发或后续生产的电子产品，（3）会议论文集从头到尾风格一致。
页边距，列宽度，行间距和字样是内置的；在文件中提供了字样的示例以及用斜体字类型辨识出，在圆括号中，在示例的后面。
一些组件，例如多层次公式，图形和表格没有指定，尽管提供了各种表文本样式。
格式化程序将需要创建这些组件,包含了适用的后续标准。
ei论文格式要求----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改----下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。
您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ei论文格式要求1、题目：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。
2、摘要：要有高度的概括力，语言精练、明确，中文摘要约100--200字;3、关键词：从论文标题或正文中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。
4、目录：写出目录，标明页码。
5、正文：论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。
论文正文：包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。
前言(引言)是论文的开头部分，主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论文的中心论点等。
前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。
本论是论文的主体，包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。
在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。
结论是论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。
其基本的要点就是总结全文，加深题意。
6、谢辞：简述自己通过做论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。
7、参考文献：在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。
8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。
9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。
关于学习的论文范文从比较中进入日语学习之门摘要：日语的学习一向有着“笑着进去，哭着出来”之称。
所谓“笑着进去”，大概是说为入门容易。
中日一衣带水，从古至今就有着千丝万缕的联系，现代日语汉字主要由汉字、假名、罗马字组成;日语的语音仿效了我国的汉音、唐音和吴音;日语的平假名、片假名借助了我国汉字或汉字的一部分，平假名形似中国书法艺术中的草书，片假名形似汉字中的偏旁，如同平假名中的あ(读a)，便是从汉字草书中的“安”演化而来;日语的词汇大约一半是汉语词汇。
Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please CenterSanfeng Zhang1, a, Hulan Liu2, b and Dada Xi2, c1School of xxx, xxx University, Guangzhou 510000, China;2School of yyy, zzz University, Guangzhou 510000, China.a zzz@,b xxx@,c yyyy@Keywords: List the, keywords covered, in your paper.Abstract. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). IntroductionAll manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper. Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not uses boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).Do not number your paper: All manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question.Organization of the TextSection Headings. The section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. Second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph). All manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use.Page Numbers. Do not number your paper: All manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper. Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).c2 = a2 + b2. (1)Literature ReferencesReferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (If square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) Two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3, 4]. The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below.Fig. 1 Two or more referencesReferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (If square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) Two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3, 4]. The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below.Table 1 Three Scheme comparingNumble Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 31 456 456 1232 789 213 6443 213 654 649SummaryIf you follow the “c hecklist”your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.References[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979. Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.[4] R.J. Ong, J.T. Dawley and P.G. Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003)[5] P.G. Clem, M. Rodriguez, J.A. Voigt and C.S. Ashley, U.S. Patent 6,231,666. (2001)[6] Information on 参考文献说明(a) 期刊类：（作者: 刊名, 卷 (年) No.期号, p.起始页码.），刊名的所有实词首字母大写。
ei收录的会议论文(共8篇)ei收录的会议论文(共8篇)篇一：如何判断国际会议论文是否被EI收录★ 如何判断国际会议论文是否被EI收录？如何判断国际会议论文是否被EI收录？可能会遇到这样的情况，有些国际会议说明了EI收录，可到最后却并未收录，让人郁闷至极。
那么如何判断一个国际会议是否会被EI收录呢？除了看这个会议以往的被收录情况外，还有以下几个小经验：一、看会议论文的出版单位会议EI收录其实与主办方关系很小，甚至没有任何关系，第一要素主要取决于会议论文的出版单位，根据多年经验，特列举全球著名出版单位如下： 1.德国斯普林格出版社（SPRINGER）：100%EI收录； 2.美国机械工程学会出版社（ASME）：100%EI收录； 3.美国土木工程学会出版社（ASCE）：100%EI收录； 4.美国电子电气工程计算机学会出版社（IEEE CS）：99%EI收录； 5.美国电子电气工程出版社（IEEE）：90%EI收录； 6.英国工程技术出版社（IET）：90%EI收录； 7.法国Atlantis Press：70%。
二、考察会议主席的诚信度 1.国际一级学会发起：如IFAC、IEEE等。
如果IEEE发起的会议IEEE要占51%的注册费，因此，该类会议注册费均在500美元以上。
请注意中国2016年只有一个是IEEE发起的，即ICMA2016，其他均不是，2016年至今中国没有一个会议是IEEE发起；2.国家一级学会发起：如中国计算机学会、中国自动化学会、中国通讯学会等，如WCICA、CCC等；3.各大学校级领导：中国大学校级领导作为主席办国际会议具有中国特色（如ICTE等）；4.国际一级学会技术支持：如IEEE CS、IEEE、IET、ASME、ASCE等。
如ICIC、ICNC；5.其他学者。
掌握了会议论文的出版单位以及会议主席的诚信度以后，还要注意论文格式和英文摘要的书写方法。
三、注意事项 1.这里仅讨论的是EI收录的技巧，不是讨论会议的水平。
说明：因为很多会议论文的模版都是英文的，我们是中国人，虽然写论文要用English，但是我们可以有中文版的模版说明！本人上传这个文档是为大家写会议论文学习交流使用！翻译只是个人兴趣爱好，但是由于个人经验不是太丰富，有些专有名词翻译可能会有些出入，如有翻译不妥的地方请多包含！如果网友有翻译的更好的可以上传，让我们学习交流！这只是论文模版说明，并没有按其所说的规定进行格式编排，要看原文请参看：Author Guidelines for 8.5 x 11inch Proceedings Manuscripts 好了废话不多说了,开始你的论文之旅吧！恋上咖啡的鱼 2012年6月9日8.5 x 11英寸会议论文集手稿作者指南作者名字作者单位电子邮箱摘要摘要是两端对齐的斜体文本，位于左列的顶端，作者信息的下方。
使用单词“摘要”作为标题，12号Times字体，粗体字格式，相对于左列居中，首字母大写。
摘要内容格式为10号字体，单倍间距，长度不超过150个单词。
在摘要之后留出两空白行，然后开始正文书写。
1.介绍所有的原稿必须要用英语。
这些指南包括完整的字体、间隔和相关信息的描述来产生你的会议论文集手稿。
请遵循这些指南，如果你有任何的疑问，直接与负责你会议论文集的IEEE计算机协会出版社制作编辑联系：电话(714)821-8380或传真（714）761-1784。
2.你的论文排版所有印刷材料，包括文本，说明和图表必须保持在6-1/2英寸（16.51厘米）宽8-7/8英寸（22.51厘米）高的打印区域。
不要在打印区域之外书写或打印任何东西。
所有正文必须是两列的格式。
每列为3-1/16英寸（7.85厘米）宽，它们之间的间隔为3/8英寸（0.81厘米）。
正文必须两端对齐。
如Word和PDF文件<format.doc> and <format.pdf>，带有页边距和布局指南的格式页是可利用的。
它包含线条和框显示页边距和打印区域。
ei期刊发表格式EI期刊发表格式。
EI期刊是指被EI（Engineering Index）收录的期刊，是国际工程技术领域内的一流期刊。
EI期刊发表格式对于投稿者来说非常重要，因为严格遵循期刊的格式要求可以提高稿件被接受的几率。
下面将介绍EI期刊发表格式的具体要求。
首先，EI期刊发表格式要求文章的标题部分应该简洁明了，能够准确地概括文章的主题。
标题应该采用中英文对照的形式，中文标题位于英文标题之前，两者之间用斜杠“/”分隔。
标题的字体一般采用小四号黑体居中，中英文之间的间距为1.5倍行距。
标题下方需要标注作者的姓名，单位和邮箱地址，作者信息的字体为小五号宋体，作者单位和邮箱地址之间用逗号隔开，邮箱地址需要加上超链接。
其次，正文部分的格式要求包括页边距、行距、字体、字号等。
一般来说，EI 期刊要求文章的页边距为上下左右各2.5厘米，行距为1.5倍行距，段前段后间距为0行。
正文的字体一般采用小四号宋体，标题和子标题采用小四号黑体加粗，作者单位和邮箱地址采用小五号宋体。
图表的字号一般为小五号宋体，图表的标题采用小五号黑体加粗。
另外，EI期刊对于参考文献的格式也有严格的要求。
参考文献应该按照出现在文章中的顺序进行编号，并且在正文中引用的地方需要标注相应的编号。
参考文献的格式一般采用小四号宋体，参考文献之间需要空一行，且不缩进。
参考文献的作者姓名采用“姓名”的格式，文章标题采用小四号黑体斜体，期刊名称采用小四号宋体斜体，卷号、期号和页码采用小四号宋体。
最后，EI期刊发表格式还包括图表、公式、单位、缩写等方面的要求。
图表应该清晰明了，编号和标题应该位于图表的上方，采用小五号宋体居中。
公式应该用希腊字母、上下标、上下标记号等进行标注，公式的编号应该位于公式的右侧。
单位和缩写需要符合国际标准，且在首次出现时需要进行解释。
综上所述，EI期刊发表格式对于投稿者来说是非常重要的，严格遵循期刊的格式要求可以提高稿件被接受的几率。
ei会议论文格式英文【篇一：ei论文模板格式】paper title (use style: paper title)subtitle as needed (paper subtitle)authors name/s per 1st affiliation (author)line 1 (of affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: city, countryline 4: e-mail address if desiredauthors name/s per 2nd affiliation (author)line 1 (of affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptableline 3: city, country line 4: e-mail address if desiredabstract—this electronic document is a “live” template. the various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. do not use special characters, symbols, or math in your title or abstract. (abstract) keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)标题副标题第一作者1，第二作者21.单位，城市，国家，邮编2.单位，城市，国家，邮编 1. e-mail address, 2. e-mail address【摘要】本电子文档定义了由ieee出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式。
ei论⽂格式ei论⽂格式模板 EI会议论⽂其实并没有统⼀的格式，因为会议合作的出版社不同，因为格式都是按照出版社的格式⽽定，就让我们看⼀下普通的ei论⽂格式吧! ei论⽂格式 1、题⽬：应简洁、明确、有概括性，字数不宜超过20个字。
2、摘要：要有⾼度的概括⼒，语⾔精练、明确，中⽂摘要约100—200字; 3、关键词：从论⽂标题或正⽂中挑选3～5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。
4、⽬录：写出⽬录，标明页码。
5、正⽂： 论⽂正⽂字数⼀般应在3000字以上。
论⽂正⽂：包括前⾔、本论、结论三个部分。
前⾔(引⾔)是论⽂的开头部分，主要说明论⽂写作的⽬的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识，并提出论⽂的中⼼论点等。
前⾔要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。
本论是论⽂的主体，包括研究内容与⽅法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。
在本部分要运⽤各⽅⾯的研究⽅法和实验结果，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出⾃⼰的科研能⼒和学术⽔平。
结论是论⽂的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。
其基本的要点就是总结全⽂，加深题意。
6、谢辞：简述⾃⼰通过做论⽂的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论⽂的有关⼈员表⽰谢意。
7、参考⽂献：在论⽂末尾要列出在论⽂中参考过的专著、论⽂及其他资料，所列参考⽂献应按⽂中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。
8、注释：在论⽂写作过程中，有些问题需要在正⽂之外加以阐述和说明。
9、附录：对于⼀些不宜放在正⽂中，但有参考价值的内容，可编⼊附录中。
关于ei的论⽂范⽂ 浅析EI收录偏向对⼯科院校⾼质量产出的影响 摘要：美国⼯程信息公司的《⼯程索引》被认为是世界上最全⾯和最权威的⼯程⽂献数据库，也是国际上颇具影响⼒的论⽂检索⼯具。
⼯科院校要加强学术交流并提升科研实⼒，加⼤⾼质量论⽂的产出，必须根据 Ei的收录偏向，撰写⾼质量英⽂论⽂，向国内外 EI收录率较⾼的英⽂期刊投稿，提⾼论⽂的EI收录率。
关键词：⼯程索引;学科建设; 科技论⽂ Abstract: The Engineering Index by Engineering Information Inc, is considered as the world's most comprehensive and authoritative engineering literature databas e, and internationally influential thesis search tool. To strengthen their acade mic exchanges, enhance their scientific research abilities and increase the outp ut of high?quality theses, the engineeringcolleges and universities must, base d on the EI taste, produce high?quality theses in English and contribute them to English periodicals with high index rate at home and abroad, so that the ir thesis index rate can be increased. Key words:EI; subject building; science and technology these s 美国⼯程信息公司的《⼯程索引》(EI)被认为是世界上最全⾯和最权威的⼯程⽂献数据库，也是国际上颇具影响⼒的论⽂检索⼯具[1]。
EI期刊论文写作格式5点EI期刊的写作要注意哪些格式问题呢，论文网小编精心整理了5点EI写作要注意的事贡，供您参考。
1英文标题内容属于Ei强制涵盖领域,最多400个字母,标题和副标题用冒号隔开2作者作者姓名按固定格式书写,以便于Ei录入人员确认是否正确,不要将中文名字西洋化,出版时保持中文书写格式。
例如:ZhongSixuan,LuPing。
从2004年开始,为了易于联系,在Ei中包含了作者较多的信息,如作者姓名、住址、单位名称、部门、地址、邮编和电子信箱等。
作者在论文中务必提供这些信息。
3参考文献为增强Ei的学科引导作用以及易于被Ei网络版收录,Ei希望在数据库中包含参考文献,以达到信息链接的目的。
论文参考文献应包含:(1)参考文献作者;(2)英文题名;(3)出版物(期刊、会刊或学报)的全部或缩略名称;(4)年、卷、期号和页码范围;(5)如果参考文献中出现网站名,则按原文列出,例如:CornellUniversityWebPage;如果参考文献是从网上获取的,不仅要给出确切网址,例如:http:/ionxsec,还应给出出版者名称、卷、期号、页码范围、出版时间。
ＷＷＷ.ＬＵＮＷEＮＷAＮＧ.ＣＯＭ4关键词Ei使用的词库包含9000个术语,为了方便在线检索,Ei建议作者从这个检索收录词库中选择词或短语作为关键词。
关键词应包括代表论文内容的单词,例如一篇关于南京油田的论文,需用南京油田作为关键词。
5摘要摘要分信息性摘要(InformativeAbstract)和指示性摘要(IndicativeAbstract)两种类型。
前者包括研究的目的、方法、结果和结论;后者只对论文主要内容进行指示性报道,不报道方法和结论。
许多论文如会议论文、研究报道及期刊论文等的摘要都必须为信息性摘要,包含工作涉及的学科和领域、使用的方法、取得的结果和结论。
综述和评论性论文的摘要为指示性的,只描述工作的学科和领域即可,但为了进行详细描述,也可写成信息性摘要,它描述工作的学科和领域,还包括研究结果。
The Structure Optimization of the Siphonic B edpan’s Flow Channel Based on theNumerical Simulation TechnologyGe Zhenghao, Wang Jinshui,Su Penggang , Liang JiangboShaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian, Shaanxi, 710021, Chinagezh@Abstract—According to siphonic bedpan’s work principle, siphonic bedpan with variational section flow channel is put forwards into application in this paper. Structure design optimization of siphonic bedpan’s flow channel is discussed. Based on making use of Pro/E to conduct the parametrization modeling of the siphonic bedpan (the constant section bedpan and the variational section bedpan), and then adopt ADINA to simulate the flow field in the siphonic bedpan with not taking the filth into consideration. The calculation results of the numerical simulation demonstrate that variational section bedpan is better than the constant section bedpan in flushing and saving water. The results indicates the adoption of ADINA software to carry out sanitary implement’s numerical simulation can improve the accuracy of the bedpan design and manufacturing consumedly, provides a theories analysis foundation for the engineering, design and application of bedpan.Keywords-Siphonic Bedpan;Flow Channel Structure; Numerical SimulationI.I NTRODUCTIONThe software ADINA is the product of the American company of ADINA, it is a large numeric calculational system based on the finite element method. It computes the engineering problems that various structure, fluid, the temperature field and several field coupling by solving various physical basic controlling equation. This paper recurs to the Pro/E and ADINA, making use of the parameterization design and numerical simulation, have researched siphonic b edpan‟s best structure of flow channel.II.F LUSHING FUNCTION REQUIREMENT OF SANITARYIMPLEMENTWith the improving of the people‟s life, the request to the sanitary implement is becoming higher and higher. At the same time, it is requested that: (1) full fill the essential function, (2) stress the shape beauty, and (3) saving water. The quality of the sanitary implement has been requested to include exact size tolerance, fine external appearance, physics function, flushing function etc. Flushing function is the ability that the bedpan ejects filth, washes it clearly while controlling the amount of water. Without question, flush function is one of the uppermost functions. According to the flushing way, bedpan can be divided into wash-down type, siphonic type and ejecting siphonic type. Wash-down bedpan rush out filth by the impact of the water, the power is decided by potential energy of the water in tank subtracts losing energy. S iphonic bedpan‟s flush power primarily relies on siphonic power.III.T HE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF SIPHONIC BEDPAN‟SFLOW CHANNELAs mentioned above, under the condition of piping water-filled, whatever means we adopt, it will not produce the siphonic phenomenon if air is interfused. So we should make sure that the piping section dimension is appropriate, as figure 1 shows, the diameter of D-E segment is degressive.According to the statics and hydromechanics theories, while the fluid in piping flows stably, the physical volume flux is constant at any section of the pipe. So the smaller of the pipe section, the higher of the current velocity of the fluid. So the diameter change could result in the watervelocity change in the D-E segment.Figure 1. The structure design of s iphonic bedpan‟s flow channelThus at the beginning of the siphonic bedpan‟s flow channel, the flushing velocity of the water becoming higher and higher, form the E-F segment in advance, expedite siphonic process, reduce the amount of water, attained the purpose of saving water. The D-E segment is rising, and its section diameter is generally among 55-65 mm. The ability of rushing out filth will be weakend with larger diameter, the result may increase water amount. While the drainage amount in forepart will be influenced with smaller diameter, it will cause the water surface rising, and result in siphonic phenomenon later. The E-F segment is a hump segment, its perfect section diameter generally among 45-55 mm. The F-G segment is a increasing segment, the diameter is becoming bigger from small, and the section is becoming large, it will lower the current velocity of the fluid, make siphonic segment‟s length increase, in addition make siphonic phenomenon keep more time, And its section diameter is generally among 55-60 mm.IV. T HREE -DIMENSIONAL S TEADY N UMERICS IMULATION FOR FLOWING IN BEDPANBedpa n‟s geometrical modeling is the most complicated in sanitary implements, its CAD model include complicated surface and characteristics, these may result in many difficulties during the numeric simulation and influence the result. Considering the siphonic b edpan‟s whole flow channel as computing area, and the difficulty to set up the CAD model in ADINA, so this paper make use of Pro/E to conduct the parameterization model of the siphonic bedpan. The water warp is 200 mm high, and the pipe diameter in the largest section is 80 mm.Then the model is imported into ADINA8.3 through IGES data format. In ADINA, we still need to predigest the physics model before adding load and boundary conditions. Detailed information is as follows:Load: velocity (the water warp‟s entry velocity is 1.5 m/s),Pressure (Pressure in piping exit), and in addition,Special boundary condition is wall. The material is water, and its density is 1.0×103 kg/m3,viscosity is 1.003×10-3 kg/(m·s).In ADINA, tetrahedral grid is adopted, and the model is meshed according to appointed unit length being 2 mm to the sections with same diameter. To the constant section bedpan, total meshing grid node amount is 3378, meshing grid unit amount is 15497, and to the variational section bedpan, meshing grid node amount is 2968, meshing grid unit amount is 13818. Appointed time step is 100, constantmagnitude is 0.1 S, the calculation results are showed as the figure 2 and 3.Figure 2. Pressure distributing for the constant section bedpanFigure 3. Pressure distributing for the variational section bedpanComparing the above two calculation results and in regard to pressure and velocity, in the approximate sameposition, the variational section bedpan obviously excelled the constant section bedpan. To the constant section bedpan, the maximal pressure is 7.3 E+06(Pa), the upmost velocity is 42.32 m/s, the pipe‟s exit maximal pressure is -77583 Pa, to the variational section bedpan, the maximal pressure is 2.178E+08(Pa), the upmost velocity is 193.2 m/s, the pipe‟s exit maximal pressure is -227620 Pa. Analyzing siphonic bedpan‟s flow channel structure, because of the rising segment, hump segment and descending segment, rising segment diameter is becoming smaller, thus in the beginning of the D-E segment, the water velocity becoming more and more high, filled the hump segment in advance, siphonic process was occurred rapidly. So make the siphonic pressure increase consumedly, and enhance the siphonic power, attained the purpose of saving water.V.T HE VOF ANALYSIS ON SIPHONIC BEDPAN ‟SFLUSHING PROCESSA. The VOF MethodThe VOF (Volume of Fluid) method is defined such a volume fraction F, defining the value of the point having fluid as 1, the value of the point having no fluid as 0. Thus, in a mesh unit, the F average value represents the quota that fluid contained the unit. If the average value is 1, the mesh is filled with the fluid, if the average value is 0, then for empty mesh. If the value is between 0 and 1, the mesh is free surface mesh. So it has advantages of easy realization, small calculation quantity, high-precision etc, and can handle complex nonlinear problem such as free surface folding, free surface filling water etc. When the model involves flow theories of the two phases or multi-phase, it introduces the single fluid model to solve problem. Namely, in the water-air two phase flow field, water and air obey the same team momentum equation. In the computing area, each controlling volume is filling with water and air, and their volume fraction‟s addition sh ould be 1, namely,1w a a a +=Among above, …a‟ denotes the volume fraction, subscript …w‟ and …a‟ denote water and air respectively. Once the water and air‟s volume fractions are known, all their unknown quantity and characteristic parameter can be denoted by average volume fraction. Tracking the water-air interface can be solved by nether consecutive equation.w w a V a t∂+⨯∇=∂Thereinto, …V ‟ denotes velocity vector.B. Boundary conditionsThe material property and the boundary conditions are as follows: Gas phase is air, and its density is 1.293 kg/m3, viscosity is 1.7894×10-5 kg/(m·s). Liquid phase is water, its density is 1.0×103 kg/m3, viscosity is 1.003×10-3 kg/(m·s). The work pressure is 101325 Pa. Gravitational acceleration is -9.8 m/s2, work density choose the lighter phase‟s, to obviate water static pressure calculation in the lighter phase, it need to improve the precision of momentum balance calculation.C.The result for bedpan’s VOF analys isAccording to the above computing conditions, defininginitial condition is, water tank and water envelop are allfilled with water, and we can get the result of the bedpan‟sflushing process in 0-6s.1)Flushing procesThe figure 4 shows flowing field distributions at differentmoment.Figure 4. Distributing of flow at different moment by simulation for thevariational section bedpanIn the figures above, areas in red colour represent water,areas in navy blue represent air, other colours represent themixture of water and air. Contrasting the flow fielddistribution of the constant section bedpan to the variationalsection bedpan, we will found, to the constant sectionbedpan, during 0-5s, water caput hasn‟t gotten across thepipe‟s tiptop while to the variational section bedpan, watercaput has already gotten across during 0-1s and in 5.6 s,water in the warp has flowed out completely. This mainlybecause when the water caput got across the pipe‟s tiptop,the siphonic phenomenon happens. W ater warp‟s outflowincreases largely. This makes water level drop rapidly andreach lowest level in warp, and then the siphonicphenomenon stops, water velocity becomes lower, water thathas not gotten across the pipe‟s tiptop start to turn back, andfinally become level off.2)Pressure distributionThe figure 5 shows pressure distribution at differentmoment for the variational section bedpan. In the followingfigures, to the constant section bedpan, the minus pressure is-695.4 Pa, while to the variational section bedpan, the minuspressure is -1733 Pa, this difference shows the strongfunction of siphon.Figure 5. Pressure distributing at different moment for the variationalsection bedpan3) Velocity distributionAs the figure 6 shows, velocity for the variational section bedpan is averagely larger than the velocity for the constant section bedpan, consequently, it provide effective gist for variational section bedpan, it can easily achieve effectively flushing aim compared to the constant section bedpan. Besides, it indirectly indicates that the variational sectionbedpan can easily achieve the function of saving water.Figure 6. The velocity distribution of the two kind sections bedpan pipeVI. C ONCLUSIONSThis paper studied on the structure optimization of the s iphonic bedpan‟s flow channel, recurring to finite element software ADINA, three-dimensional steady flow numeric simulation of water flowing in bedpan is carried out, the VOF analysis on siphonic bedpan‟s flushing process has also been carried out. The results can help technics designers find out the disfigurement essentially, enhance the precision inthe porcelain sanitation field. Further more, it will shorten the exploiting time and expense of the new product consumedly, bring remarkable economic benefit to producing enterprise.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted expression, “One of us (R.B.G.) thanks . . .” Instead, try “R.B.G. thanks”. Put applicable sponsor acknowledgments here; DO NOT place them on the first page of your paper or as a footnote.R EFERENCES[1] Yue bangguo, “Talking about bedpan‟s flushing filth function andsaving water,” Chinaware, 2001(5).(in Chinese)[2] Wu ziniu, The basic elements of computing hydromechanics. Beijing:the Science Press. 2001. 1-8. (in Chinese)[3] Hong fangwen, “Kinetic object round free surface flowing field valuesimulation and experimentation research,” Doctor Degree thesis. Wuxi, Jiangsu, China: Chinese watercraft science research center. 2001.4. (in Chinese)[4] C.W. Hirt, B.D. Nichols. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for thedynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39:201-225.[5] Lin huzong, Phantasmagoric flowing science-multiphasehydromechanics. Beijing: the book concern of Qinghua University, Guangzhou: the book concern of Jinan University. (in Chinese)[6] Wang youcheng, Shao min, The theory and numeric method on finiteelement analysis. Beijing: the book concern of Qinghua University, 1997. (in Chinese)。
The Structure Optimization of the Siphonic B edpan’s Flow Channel Based on theNumerical Simulation TechnologyGe Zhenghao, Wang Jinshui,Su Penggang , Liang JiangboShaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xian, Shaanxi, 710021, Chinagezh@Abstract—According to siphonic bedpan’s work principle, siphonic bedpan with variational section flow channel is put forwards into application in this paper. Structure design optimization of siphonic bedpan’s flow channel is discussed. Based on making use of Pro/E to conduct the parametrization modeling of the siphonic bedpan (the constant section bedpan and the variational section bedpan), and then adopt ADINA to simulate the flow field in the siphonic bedpan with not taking the filth into consideration. The calculation results of the numerical simulation demonstrate that variational section bedpan is better than the constant section bedpan in flushing and saving water. The results indicates the adoption of ADINA software to carry out sanitary implement’s numerical simulation can improve the accuracy of the bedpan design and manufacturing consumedly, provides a theories analysis foundation for the engineering, design and application of bedpan.Keywords-Siphonic Bedpan;Flow Channel Structure; Numerical SimulationI.I NTRODUCTIONThe software ADINA is the product of the American company of ADINA, it is a large numeric calculational system based on the finite element method. It computes the engineering problems that various structure, fluid, the temperature field and several field coupling by solving various physical basic controlling equation. This paper recurs to the Pro/E and ADINA, making use of the parameterization design and numerical simulation, have researched siphonic b edpan‟s best structure of flow channel.II.F LUSHING FUNCTION REQUIREMENT OF SANITARYIMPLEMENTWith the improving of the people‟s life, the request to the sanitary implement is becoming higher and higher. At the same time, it is requested that: (1) full fill the essential function, (2) stress the shape beauty, and (3) saving water. The quality of the sanitary implement has been requested to include exact size tolerance, fine external appearance, physics function, flushing function etc. Flushing function is the ability that the bedpan ejects filth, washes it clearly while controlling the amount of water. Without question, flush function is one of the uppermost functions. According to the flushing way, bedpan can be divided into wash-down type, siphonic type and ejecting siphonic type. Wash-down bedpan rush out filth by the impact of the water, the power is decided by potential energy of the water in tank subtracts losing energy. S iphonic bedpan‟s flush power primarily relies on siphonic power.III.T HE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF SIPHONIC BEDPAN‟SFLOW CHANNELAs mentioned above, under the condition of piping water-filled, whatever means we adopt, it will not produce the siphonic phenomenon if air is interfused. So we should make sure that the piping section dimension is appropriate, as figure 1 shows, the diameter of D-E segment is degressive.According to the statics and hydromechanics theories, while the fluid in piping flows stably, the physical volume flux is constant at any section of the pipe. So the smaller of the pipe section, the higher of the current velocity of the fluid. So the diameter change could result in the watervelocity change in the D-E segment.Figure 1. The structure design of s iphonic bedpan‟s flow channelThus at the beginning of the siphonic bedpan‟s flow channel, the flushing velocity of the water becoming higher and higher, form the E-F segment in advance, expedite siphonic process, reduce the amount of water, attained the purpose of saving water. The D-E segment is rising, and its section diameter is generally among 55-65 mm. The ability of rushing out filth will be weakend with larger diameter, the result may increase water amount. While the drainage amount in forepart will be influenced with smaller diameter, it will cause the water surface rising, and result in siphonic phenomenon later. The E-F segment is a hump segment, its perfect section diameter generally among 45-55 mm. The F-G segment is a increasing segment, the diameter is becoming bigger from small, and the section is becoming large, it will lower the current velocity of the fluid, make siphonic segment‟s length increase, in addition make siphonic phenomenon keep more time, And its section diameter is generally among 55-60 mm.IV. T HREE -DIMENSIONAL S TEADY N UMERICS IMULATION FOR FLOWING IN BEDPANBedpa n‟s geometrical modeling is the most complicated in sanitary implements, its CAD model include complicated surface and characteristics, these may result in many difficulties during the numeric simulation and influence the result. Considering the siphonic b edpan‟s whole flow channel as computing area, and the difficulty to set up the CAD model in ADINA, so this paper make use of Pro/E to conduct the parameterization model of the siphonic bedpan. The water warp is 200 mm high, and the pipe diameter in the largest section is 80 mm.Then the model is imported into ADINA8.3 through IGES data format. In ADINA, we still need to predigest the physics model before adding load and boundary conditions. Detailed information is as follows:Load: velocity (the water warp‟s entry velocity is 1.5 m/s),Pressure (Pressure in piping exit), and in addition,Special boundary condition is wall. The material is water, and its density is 1.0×103 kg/m3,viscosity is 1.003×10-3 kg/(m·s).In ADINA, tetrahedral grid is adopted, and the model is meshed according to appointed unit length being 2 mm to the sections with same diameter. To the constant section bedpan, total meshing grid node amount is 3378, meshing grid unit amount is 15497, and to the variational section bedpan, meshing grid node amount is 2968, meshing grid unit amount is 13818. Appointed time step is 100, constantmagnitude is 0.1 S, the calculation results are showed as the figure 2 and 3.Figure 2. Pressure distributing for the constant section bedpanFigure 3. Pressure distributing for the variational section bedpanComparing the above two calculation results and in regard to pressure and velocity, in the approximate sameposition, the variational section bedpan obviously excelled the constant section bedpan. To the constant section bedpan, the maximal pressure is 7.3 E+06(Pa), the upmost velocity is 42.32 m/s, the pipe‟s exit maximal pressure is -77583 Pa, to the variational section bedpan, the maximal pressure is 2.178E+08(Pa), the upmost velocity is 193.2 m/s, the pipe‟s exit maximal pressure is -227620 Pa. Analyzing siphonic bedpan‟s flow channel structure, because of the rising segment, hump segment and descending segment, rising segment diameter is becoming smaller, thus in the beginning of the D-E segment, the water velocity becoming more and more high, filled the hump segment in advance, siphonic process was occurred rapidly. So make the siphonic pressure increase consumedly, and enhance the siphonic power, attained the purpose of saving water.V.T HE VOF ANALYSIS ON SIPHONIC BEDPAN ‟SFLUSHING PROCESSA. The VOF MethodThe VOF (Volume of Fluid) method is defined such a volume fraction F, defining the value of the point having fluid as 1, the value of the point having no fluid as 0. Thus, in a mesh unit, the F average value represents the quota that fluid contained the unit. If the average value is 1, the mesh is filled with the fluid, if the average value is 0, then for empty mesh. If the value is between 0 and 1, the mesh is free surface mesh. So it has advantages of easy realization, small calculation quantity, high-precision etc, and can handle complex nonlinear problem such as free surface folding, free surface filling water etc. When the model involves flow theories of the two phases or multi-phase, it introduces the single fluid model to solve problem. Namely, in the water-air two phase flow field, water and air obey the same team momentum equation. In the computing area, each controlling volume is filling with water and air, and their volume fraction‟s addition sh ould be 1, namely,1w a a a +=Among above, …a‟ denotes the volume fraction, subscript …w‟ and …a‟ denote water and air respectively. Once the water and air‟s volume fractions are known, all their unknown quantity and characteristic parameter can be denoted by average volume fraction. Tracking the water-air interface can be solved by nether consecutive equation.w w a V a t∂+⨯∇=∂Thereinto, …V ‟ denotes velocity vector.B. Boundary conditionsThe material property and the boundary conditions are as follows: Gas phase is air, and its density is 1.293 kg/m3, viscosity is 1.7894×10-5 kg/(m·s). Liquid phase is water, its density is 1.0×103 kg/m3, viscosity is 1.003×10-3 kg/(m·s). The work pressure is 101325 Pa. Gravitational acceleration is -9.8 m/s2, work density choose the lighter phase‟s, to obviate water static pressure calculation in the lighter phase, it need to improve the precision of momentum balance calculation.C.The result for bedpan’s VOF analys isAccording to the above computing conditions, defininginitial condition is, water tank and water envelop are allfilled with water, and we can get the result of the bedpan‟sflushing process in 0-6s.1)Flushing procesThe figure 4 shows flowing field distributions at differentmoment.Figure 4. Distributing of flow at different moment by simulation for thevariational section bedpanIn the figures above, areas in red colour represent water,areas in navy blue represent air, other colours represent themixture of water and air. Contrasting the flow fielddistribution of the constant section bedpan to the variationalsection bedpan, we will found, to the constant sectionbedpan, during 0-5s, water caput hasn‟t gotten across thepipe‟s tiptop while to the variational section bedpan, watercaput has already gotten across during 0-1s and in 5.6 s,water in the warp has flowed out completely. This mainlybecause when the water caput got across the pipe‟s tiptop,the siphonic phenomenon happens. W ater warp‟s outflowincreases largely. This makes water level drop rapidly andreach lowest level in warp, and then the siphonicphenomenon stops, water velocity becomes lower, water thathas not gotten across the pipe‟s tiptop start to turn back, andfinally become level off.2)Pressure distributionThe figure 5 shows pressure distribution at differentmoment for the variational section bedpan. In the followingfigures, to the constant section bedpan, the minus pressure is-695.4 Pa, while to the variational section bedpan, the minuspressure is -1733 Pa, this difference shows the strongfunction of siphon.Figure 5. Pressure distributing at different moment for the variationalsection bedpan3) Velocity distributionAs the figure 6 shows, velocity for the variational section bedpan is averagely larger than the velocity for the constant section bedpan, consequently, it provide effective gist for variational section bedpan, it can easily achieve effectively flushing aim compared to the constant section bedpan. Besides, it indirectly indicates that the variational sectionbedpan can easily achieve the function of saving water.Figure 6. The velocity distribution of the two kind sections bedpan pipeVI. C ONCLUSIONSThis paper studied on the structure optimization of the s iphonic bedpan‟s flow channel, recurring to finite element software ADINA, three-dimensional steady flow numeric simulation of water flowing in bedpan is carried out, the VOF analysis on siphonic bedpan‟s flushing process has also been carried out. The results can help technics designers find out the disfigurement essentially, enhance the precision inthe porcelain sanitation field. Further more, it will shorten the exploiting time and expense of the new product consumedly, bring remarkable economic benefit to producing enterprise.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted expression, “One of us (R.B.G.) thanks . . .” Instead, try “R.B.G. thanks”. Put applicable sponsor acknowledgments here; DO NOT place them on the first page of your paper or as a footnote.R EFERENCES[1] Yue bangguo, “Talking about bedpan‟s flushing filth function andsaving water,” Chinaware, 2001(5).(in Chinese)[2] Wu ziniu, The basic elements of computing hydromechanics. Beijing:the Science Press. 2001. 1-8. (in Chinese)[3] Hong fangwen, “Kinetic object round free surface flowing field valuesimulation and experimentation research,” Doctor Degree thesis. Wuxi, Jiangsu, China: Chinese watercraft science research center. 2001.4. (in Chinese)[4] C.W. Hirt, B.D. Nichols. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for thedynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39:201-225.[5] Lin huzong, Phantasmagoric flowing science-multiphasehydromechanics. Beijing: the book concern of Qinghua University, Guangzhou: the book concern of Jinan University. (in Chinese)[6] Wang youcheng, Shao min, The theory and numeric method on finiteelement analysis. Beijing: the book concern of Qinghua University, 1997. (in Chinese)。
