《牛津高中英语》模块3 Reading, Project课文

《牛津高中英语》模块5R e a d i n g, P r o j e c t课文(总10页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--31. M5U1. Reading (1)—Secrets and liesDear Annie,I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed;I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret.However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, “Stupid Sarah got a D!” I was so u pset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back!I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn't believe her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I’ve lost my best friend. What shall I do?Yours sincerelySarah32. M5U1. Reading (2)—A friendship in troubleDear Annie,My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. Mybest friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. Theother team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not tr ying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talkto him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each otherand it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit nextto eac h other in class. It’s really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athleticand good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do?Yours trulyAndrew33. M5U1. Project (1)—Teenagers’ friendshipsMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda. Though theyget along well, there are some things about Amanda and her friendsthat puzzle Robert. He can't understand how girls can talk for so long. For example, sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking. When he comes back three and a half hours later, they’restill sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic. One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, ‘We’re best friends. We talk about almost everything—film stars, pop songs, recipes,everything!’Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activitiesor interests. A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing hisfeeli ngs with his close friends. A girl’s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many adolescent males cannot name a single best friend. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, ‘My best friend I can’t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so many different friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend.’Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausing, ‘A best friend Of course. We have a lot to sharewith each other. We do a lot of things together such as talking and shopping.’We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings. The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendships. The important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. We all need friends in our lives.34. M5U1. Project (2)—What friendship means to meWhen deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, while others choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is friendship. I cannot imagine being without it.Friendship means not being alone. Once I was travelling by myself through Beijing on the way to my grandparents’ house. Since my next train left in the evening, I had a day for sightseeing. At first, I didn’t mind being alone, but then I saw all the tourists havin gtheir pictures taken together, and I began feeling sad. I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room. Life is no fun without a companion to share it with.Friendship means having someone I can rely on. Last year, I left my schoolbag on a trolleybus, and I lost all of my notes for thefinal exam. You can imagine how I panicked. Luckily for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes, and I used them in my revision. Thanks to her help, I was able to pass the exam.Friendship means being committed to others. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend. Because I am a friend, I have had tolearn patience and mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made an apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I had ended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing.In conclusion, when we are old and look back on our lives, what will we remember Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to No, we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us. We will remember our friends.35. M5U2. Reading— The economy or the environment—must we choose?TV host: James LongSpeakers: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green SocietyQian Liwei, a business development consultantJames Long: Good morning. Today’s debate question is, “The economy or the environment—must we choose’ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. We are following our usual schedule for debates. Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then we will open thefloor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them.Lin Shuiqing: Good morning, everyone. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! Theworld’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem; we need to think more about recycling our waste. It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle, and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment. We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developedat the same time.Thank you.Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That was an interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. As a business development consultant, I’m often seen as being against the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers. Theythink of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.There are many factories and industries which control the amountof pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinkingof companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. I don’t agree with herbecause then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.What we need are better laws to preserve the environment andstill allow our country to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for listening.James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion…36. M5U2. Project (1)— Protecting the Yangtze RiverAs the third longest river in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China and abroad. Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the amount of the water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into the river has been increasing. This is not good newsfor the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river. Italso watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals,which has put the wild animal population in danger.Two special government projects are also under way. The first project, a water and soil conservation project, was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. It has already been a success because it has helped improvethe local environment and the land around the river.The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of the rarest animals in the world. The number ofwhite-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survived.We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems inregard to the Yangtze River. However, people have finally realizedthat it is their responsibility to protect this great river. Becauseof this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.37. M5U2. Project (2)—Climate change and a low-carbon lifeThere is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. However, many other human activities also let off carbon gases. Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle when possible. Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is never good to travel alone—you should try to find other people to travel with you.At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Turn offthe lights and anything else electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is important to recycle as much as possible. In particular, metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, soyou should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorbthe carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. Planting a smalltree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.38. M5U3. Reading—The perfect copyScientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you canproduce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing areal-life Frankenstein’s monster.Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many peoplewere worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been tocreate copies of human. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. ‘I am anxious to have a child of my own,’ she says. ‘I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order toproduce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.(Letter 1) Dear EditorI believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature , we will have to deal with the consequences. Who knows what could happenHuman life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.The human race is using up the Earth’s natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth’s population,not cloning more.I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I wouldlike to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.Pauline Carter(Letter 2) Dear EditorI would like to comment on your article, ‘The perfect copy’. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic!I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now?On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so I that I could bewith her again.Colin Jake39. M5U3. Project (1)— Man and NatureFor a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage the Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of nature. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humanshave always done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so,they are using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed fordestroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering.It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food hasto be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need cleanair to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind’sresponsibility to find answers that are good for everyone, and everything.40. M5U3. Project (2)— GM food: hope or danger?In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress doors have been opened up totechnologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can begenetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into itsDNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never havein nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at present.Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat. Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making surethat GM foods are safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment. Since GM crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain—insects and other animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.。

Unit 1 重点词组1 和…玩30 把…排进/ 倒进…2 不再…31 一个很严重的问题3 不同时期的交通工具32 采取行动做某事4 阳光镇的变化33 减少污染5 非常了解这个地方34 在某种程度上6 从那时起35 顺便问一下7 自从2005年以来36 在去…的路上8 自从去年以来37 挡路9 自从三个星期前以来38 开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所10 搬家39 不时地，偶尔11 搬到南京40 从…搬出去12 搬进一座新公寓41 事实上，实际上13 在…南部42 一处自然景点地方14 结婚43 一个新的火车站15 和某人结婚44从…借…16 变化很大45借给某人…／把…借给…17 在过去46 例如18 在现在47 在使用中19 这些年以来48 带…去…20 把…变成…49 一所小学21 在周末50 我也是22 打牌51 独自地23 下中国象棋52 空余时间24 愉快的假期53 有同感25 玩得很开心54 青山环绕26 水污染55 清新的空气27 噪音污染56 良好的环境28 过去经常做某事58 离…远29 像以前一样经常地59 离…近60 给…造成许多麻烦68在过去的一个世纪61 近期照片69关于北京的过去和现在62 在近几年中70感冒63 …的反义词71 患重感冒64 有好运72 受到某人的来信65 把…扔掉73 乘飞机旅行66 一个真正的问题74 享受阳光和沙滩67 写一篇有关阳光镇的文章Unit 2 重点词组1 到…作一次旅行18 高速运行2 一定很有趣19 一家快餐店3 带…出去几天20 对…感兴趣4 把…带在身边21 不停地拍照5 快点；加油22 迪斯尼人物的游行6 旅游景点23 下午晚些时候7 …的象征24 一天中最精彩的部分8 去滑雪25 向…挥手致意9 去远足26 一路上10 看美丽的风景27 像魔术一样11 拍照28 精彩的狮王表演12 欢迎到29 买一些纪念品13 写信给30 在…结束时14 玩得很高兴31 观看烟火15 整天32 在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮16 乘地铁33 一共，总计17 在入口处34 一次刺激的旅行35 把某物给某人看46 依次/轮流做某事36 一队人47 计划出国旅游37 排队等候48 希望做某事38 一次有意义的经历49 希望某人做某事39 一次真得令人高兴的假日50 飞往某地40 多姿多彩的服饰51 新鲜的空气41 …一名成员52 宜人的天气42 到深圳旅游53 名胜古迹43 全年54 我们去香港旅游的日子44 三个半小时55 鸟瞰香港的景色45 一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的56文化中心现代化城市Unit3 词组1 不知道14 看起来像2 同意某人15 遥控器3 打开（电视、电灯）16 关掉（电视、电灯）4 换频道17 写作竞赛5 绘画与设计18 玩游戏6 搜索信息19收发电子邮件7 文字处理20 编写电脑程序8 新的教育光盘21‘八小时环游地球’‘9 发行，问世22 同时10 学生最喜爱的光盘的设计者23 在线旅行者11主要人物24 一个十三岁的男孩12躺在草地上25 看着美丽的蓝天13 睡着了26 做了个奇怪的梦27 在梦里48一片金色的云28 得一分49 载着某人去一个地方29扮演…角色50环游世界30 测试你的英语语法知识51 在屏幕上31 伦敦博物馆52 闯过一关32 世界地图53 用亮紫色标出来33 查明，弄清楚54 卖光，售完34打份报告55 点击…35把…打印出来56 你要买些什么？36 个人电脑57 由…地方制造37 考虑…58 关闭所有窗口38 重新启动计算机59 把…连到…39 把键盘链接到计算机60 双击自动运行图标40 组织活动61 6英尺长41 剪断了62 剪了1英寸头发42 日常英语63 对…有好处43 短时间的澳大利亚的网上旅行64 请求帮助44 听人们谈话65 在收音机上收听一个采访45 向…学习…66 在网上订购…46 介意做某事67 游戏的目标47 打开财宝箱Unit 4 重点词组1 一场慈善演出 5 慈善演出的主持人2 被选为班长 6 多加练习3 确信，肯定7 除非4 在网上登广告8 分发传单9 捐钱37 组织一场慈善演出10 把…卖给…38 筹钱11 绿色希望工程(慈善机构) 39希望工程(慈善机构)12 拯救中国虎(慈善机构) 40 春蕾计划(慈善机构)13 返回学校41 把…还给…14 大型猫科动物42 在贫困地区15 写信给…43 收到…的来信16 空闲时间44 因为…17 电视镜头45 看演出18 准时46 及时19 把…介绍给…47 值日20 在适合的时间48 同时21 在…开始时49 在…结束时22伟大的一天50 一直做某事23 演出前20分钟51 进入剧场24 没有时间紧张了52 发出噪音25 变得有点容易了53 似乎26 结束54 当地企业27 得到许多支持55 参加（活动）28 致以最美好的祝愿56写下，记下29 弄错了57 至少30 最多58 真是太成功了。

牛津高中英语模块5-Reading–Project课文课文概述本课文是牛津高中英语模块5中Reading–Project课程中的一篇课文，题目为“The Cost of Fashion”。

该篇课文主要讲述了当今时尚界存在的一些问题和挑战，引发我们对时尚产业中的可持续性发展的思考。

课文采用了文献调查和实例分析的方法，通过引用多个相关研究和案例，以及访谈时尚产业相关从业者的话语，支撑了本文中呈现出来的问题和挑战。

结构清晰，逻辑严谨。

词汇解析• 1.orchestrate：在这里表示协调，指摆布和引导其他人达成某个目标。

• 2.inevitably：不可避免地。

• 3.impact：影响。

• 4.scarcity：缺乏，短缺。

• 5.cotton：棉花。

• 6.polyester：涤纶，一种合成纤维。

•7.recycled：再生的，可循环利用的。

•8.upcycled：升级再利用的。

•ndfill：垃圾填埋场。

主要观点本文主要呈现了以下几个观点：•时尚界对环境、人权和审美方面造成了不可避免的影响和负面影响。

•棉和涤纶这类的物质资源在制作时尚产品的过程中耗费巨大，亟需寻找更环保可持续的方案。

•再生的和升级再利用的材料需要在时尚制造业中得到更广泛的应用。

•消费者的观点和消费习惯在时尚界发展中发挥了重要的角色。

重点句子•However, the reality is that fashion inevitably has a significant impact on the environment, human rights, and economies around the world.（然而，事实是时尚界对环境、人权和世界经济不可避免地造成了很大的影响。

）•Globally, we consume 80 billion pieces of new clothing each year.（全球每年有800亿件新衣服被消费。

牛津英语必修三课文原文及中文翻译1M3U1 FogWarningWhen Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o’clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog. She wondered if the buses would still be running. No buses to King Street Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. ‘How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‘King Street,’ said Polly. ‘Sorry, Miss,’ replied the man, ‘the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’A tall manAs Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.FootstepsWhen Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her cheek, and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying ‘Sorry.’ The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating with fear.The helpful strangerThen she heard the sound again—soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness. ‘Is anybody there?’Polly hesitated. At last she answered, ‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard. ‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want?’ he asked.‘I live at 86 King Street,’ Polly replied.‘Just take my hand,’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for the step here.’In his other hand the man car ried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step. ‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young. How old are you?’‘Just twenty,’ answered Polly.‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads. Turn left here.’‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way?’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again. ‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’ He held her hand more firmly.The grateful helper‘Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped.‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid,’ said Polly in relief. ‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’‘It’s very nice of you,’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off. There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to hel p them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.’雾雾警报那天早上当波莉离开家，城市已经被一层灰色的薄雾覆盖。

搜索代码：短语分词不定式完成时with结构句型M1U1 SCHOOL life in the UKGoing to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote oneself to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood , my class teacher, was very helpful. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke—I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at firs t because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French.My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History and French. They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science or Languages such as Spanish and German. In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it didn’t look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much.I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.在英国的学校生活在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

13. M3U1. Reading—FogFog warningWhen Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o’clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog. She wondered if the buses would still be running.No buses to King StreetOnce out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.‘How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‘King Street,’ said Polly.‘Sorry, Miss,’ replied the man, ‘the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’A tall manAs Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.FootstepsWhen Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her cheek, and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying ‘Sorry.’ The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating with fear.The helpful strangerThen she heard the sound again - soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness. ‘Is anybody there?’Polly hesitated. At last she answered, ‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want?’ He asked.‘I live at 86 King Street,’ Poly replied.‘Just take my hand,’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for the step here.’In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step. ‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young. How old are you?’‘Just twenty,’ answered Polly.‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be! I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads. Turn left here.’‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way?’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’ He held her hand more firmly.The grateful helper‘Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped.‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid,’ said Polly in relief. ‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’‘It’s very nice of you,’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off. There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to help them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.’14. M3U1. Project (1)—Shark attacksThere are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, mainly because they have seen the movie Jaws. However, two other sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark.Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of shark attacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swim away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.⏹Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.⏹Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell bloodover a long distance.⏹Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash ofcolors and bright objects.⏹Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular. If a shark attacks you, follow the advice below.⏹Keep calm. Do not panic.⏹Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.⏹Stick your finger in the shark's eye.Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.15. M3U1. Project (2)—The wonderful world of pigeonsIt is night. All is quiet. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy. There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to be killed unless they get help. What should they do?An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper: 'Being attacked! Hurry!' He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved?Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks—the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kilometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use. During both World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells themwhich way is north. How this compass works remains a mystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one's way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.16. M3U2. Reading—English and its historyAll through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.Old EnglishOld English is very different from the English we speak nowadays .In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as m uch as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruledEnglish, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer(from Old English) and reply(from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an –s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry IV became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.Modern EnglishModern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.17. M3U2. Project (1)—The development of Chinese charactersThe Chinese language differs from Western languages in that instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks ofanimals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, ‘rest’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square. Other character s were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’, which are opposites of each other.Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.18. M3U2. Project (2)—The story of BrailleUsually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809-1852). Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consistedof twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.While the students found the so ldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. ‘Braille’, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.19. M3U3. Reading—Lost civilizationsDay 1,15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2,16 JulyThis morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was a volcano. On 24 August AD 79,the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!Day 3,17 JulyToday I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860,the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. Youcan see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!Day 10,24 JulyFinally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms form AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!Day 11,25 JulyA scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand——what a pity!20. M3U3. Project (1)—Ancient Greek statue found in XinjiangResearchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had only 3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among themselves.Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.21. M3U3. Project (2)—The father of Western philosophyThe world 'philosophy' means 'love of wisdom'. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?' and 'What is truth?'The father of Western Philosophy was Socrates (469-399 BC).Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on Western thought and science.To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions. Socrates' way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of askingquestions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison. Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.。