金属材料工程专业英语词汇总结

物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosionresistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic，recyclingenvironmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size，mass，charge of an atom，and is particles (Pronton，Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属FerrousNon Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure，Space latticeUnit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mills Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyperectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Propertiestesting of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivityspecific resistance比重Specific gravityspecific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Y ield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit，Y eungs module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – FerrousNon – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism，Paramagnetic，Ferromagnetism，AntiferromagnetismFerrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism，ParamagneticFerromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体HyppoEutectoid初释纯铁体Proentectoid ferrite过共释钢Hypeeutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semikilled steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting，Fogging，Extrusion，RollingSteel 熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawingstamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel，ChromeMolybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter FourStrip，SteelPlate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) 日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coilsheet electroplatingpainting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages，industrial standard，quality，condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力HardnessTensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm，figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on ThicknessWidth平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width500mm，temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handlingstorage of cold rolled steel coilsheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submergedarc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 3032公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint，oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:3032 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变AgingStretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of ColdRolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standardapplication of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electrogalvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving WeatherCorrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electrogalvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electrogalvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal，application，JISASTM standard，and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片ColdRolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片HotRolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Coldrolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hotrolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hotrolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3*******)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade，Plating type，Designation of Coating MassCommon Coating Mass镀层质量标记MarkingsDesignations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)SingleReduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)DualReduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(GrainOriented)及非晶粒取向(NonOriented)Grain OrientedNonOriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – GrainOriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片GrainOriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SIORIENTCORE SIORIENTCOREHI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SIORIENTCOREHIB and SIORIENTCORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SIORIENTCOREHIBLS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SIORIENTCOREHIBLS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SIORIENTCOREHIB，SIORIENTCORE，SICOREHIBLS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HIB)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SIORIENTCOREHIB，SICORE，SIORIENTCOREHIBLS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical，MagneticMechanical NonGrain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing，ElectricalsHome Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hotaluminumcoated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A46377)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 HotDip Aluminumcoated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steelother kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet，Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel PlateRelated JIS，ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification，Corrosion ResistantHeat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic PropertyStainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil，Strip，SheetPlate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301，304，631，CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type，Industrial Standard，Chemical Composition，Characteristicend usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip，SheetPlate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢HeatResistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度HeatResistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and HeatResisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Windup Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wingup Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel，Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK5AISI301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100200mm)SK5AISI301 每公斤之长度(阔100200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100200mm)SK5AISI301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.010公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.010mm)SK5AISI301 每公斤之长度(阔2.010公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.010mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态HardenedTempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火LowHigh Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准ColdRolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属IronLow Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base，Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire，RodBar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire，Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire，Galvanized low Carbon Steel WireLow Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing classification，Symbol of Grade，Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of ZincCoating，Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold HeadingCold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification，Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance，Ovality and A verage Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI，JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521，ISO8458012)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes，symbols，twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter，Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire –National Standard number，Charateristic，Surface finishChemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel，Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况FinishSurface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire DiametersOvality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heatresisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305，316，321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305，316，321 and 347A1S1302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of numberalphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless SteelHeatResistant Steel(in order of numberalphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar，Square Steel Bar，Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different TypesSize of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire，Half Round Wire，Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat WireHalf Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance。

Unit 1property （材料的）性质heat treatment 热处理metal 金属glass 玻璃plastics 塑料fiber 纤维electronic devices 电子器件component 组元，组分semiconducting materials 半导体材料materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials science 材料科学materials engineering 材料工程materials scientist 材料科学家materials engineer 材料工程师synthesize 合成synthesissyntheticsubatomic structure 亚原子结构electron 电子atom 原子nuclei 原子核nucleusmolecule 分子microscopic 微观的microscope 显微镜naked eye 裸眼macroscopic 宏观的specimen 试样deformation 变形polished 抛光的reflect 反射magnitude 量级solid materials 固体材料mechanical properties 力学性质load 载荷force 力elastic modulus 弹性模量strength 强度electrical properties 电学性质electrical conductivity 导电性dielectric constant 介电常数electric field 电场thermal behavior 热学行为heat capacity 热容thermal conductivity 热传导（导热性）magnetic properties 磁学性质magnetic field 磁场optical properties 光学性质electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射light radiation 光辐射index of refraction 折射率reflectivity 反射率deteriorative characteristics 劣化特性processing 加工performance 性能linear 线性的integrated circuit chip 集成电路芯片strength 强度ductility 延展性deterioration 恶化，劣化mechanical strength 机械强度elevated temperature 高温corrosive 腐蚀性的fabrication 制造Unit 2chemical makeup 化学组成atomic structure 原子结构advanced materials 先进材料high-technology 高技术smart materials 智能材料nanoengineered materials 纳米工程材料metallic materials 金属材料nonlocalized electrons 游离电子conductor 导体electricity 电heat 热transparent 透明的visible light 可见光polished 抛光的surface 表面lustrous 有光泽的aluminum 铝silicon 硅alumina 氧化铝silica 二氧化硅oxide 氧化物carbide 碳化物nitride 氮化物dioxide 二氧化物clay minerals 黏土矿物porcelain 瓷器cement 水泥mechanical behavior 力学行为ceramic materials 陶瓷材料stiffness 劲度strength 强度hard 坚硬brittle 脆的fracture 破裂insulative 绝缘的resistant 耐……的resistance 耐力，阻力，电阻molecular structures 分子结构chain-like 链状backbone 骨架carbon atoms 碳原子low densities 低密度mechanical characteristics 力学特性inert 隋性synthetic （人工）合成的fiberglass 玻璃纤维polymeric 聚合物的epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯纤维carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite 碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料glass fiber-reinforced materials 玻璃纤维增强材料high-strength, low-density structural materials 高强度低密度结构材料solar cell 太阳能电池hydrogen fuel cell 氢燃料电池catalyst 催化剂nonrenewable resource 不可再生资源Unit 3periodic table （元素）周期表atomic structure 原子结构magnetic 磁学的optical 光学的microstructure 微观结构macrostructure 宏观结构positively charged nucleus 带正电的原子核atomic number 原子序数proton 质子atomic weight 原子量neutron 中子negatively charged electrons 带负电的电子shell 壳层magnesium 镁chemical bonds 化学键partially-filled electron shells 未满电子壳层bond 成键metallic bond 金属键nonmetal atoms 非金属原子covalent bond 共价键ionic bond 离子键Unit 4physical properties 物理性质chemical properties 化学性质flammability 易燃性corrosion 腐蚀oxidation 氧化oxidation resistance 抗氧化性vapor (vapour) 蒸汽，蒸气，汽melt 熔化solidify 凝固vaporize 汽化，蒸发condense 凝聚sublime 升华state 态plasma 等离子体phase transformation temperatures 相变温度density 密度specific gravity 比重thermal conductivity 热导linear coefficient of thermal expansion 线性热膨胀系数electrical conductivity and resistivity 电导和电阻corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性magnetic permeability 磁导率phase transformations 相变phase transitions 相变crystal forms 晶型melting point 熔点boiling point 沸腾点vapor pressure 蒸气压atm 大气压glass transition temperature 玻璃化转变温度mass 质量volume 体积per unit of volume 每单位体积the acceleration of gravity 重力加速度temperature dependent 随温度而变的，与温度有关的grams/cubic centimeter 克每立方厘米kilograms/cubic meter 千克每立方米grams/milliliter 克每毫升grams/liter 克每升pounds per cubic inch 磅每立方英寸pounds per cubic foot 磅每立方英尺alcohol 酒精benzene 苯magnetize 磁化magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic field intensity 磁场强度constant 常数vacuum 真空magnetic flux density 磁通密度diamagnetic 反磁性的factor 因数paramagnetic 顺磁性的ferromagnetic 铁磁性的non-ferrous metals 非铁金属，有色金属brass 黄铜ferrous 含铁的ferrous metals 含铁金属，黑色金属relative permeability 相对磁导率transformer 变压器，变换器eddy current probe 涡流探针Unit 5hardness 硬度impact resistance 耐冲击性fracture toughness 断裂韧度，断裂韧性structural materials 结构材料anisotropic 各向异性orientation 取向texture 织构fiber reinforcement 纤维增强longitudinal 纵向transverse direction 横向short transverse direction 短横向a function of temperature 温度的函数，温度条件room temperature 室温elongation 伸长率tension 张力，拉力compression 压缩bending 弯曲shear 剪切torsion 扭转static loading 静负荷dynamic loading 动态载荷cyclic loading 循环载荷，周期载荷cross-sectional area 横截面stress 应力stress distribution 应力分布strain 应变engineering strain 工程应变perpendicular 垂直normal axis 垂直轴elastic deformation 弹性形变plastic deformation 塑性形变quality control 质量控制nondestructive tests 无损检测tensile property 抗张性能，拉伸性能Unit 6lattice 晶格positive ions 正离子a cloud of delocalized electrons 离域电子云ionization 电离，离子化metalloid 准金属，类金属nonmetal 非金属diagonal line 对角线polonium 钋semi-metal 半金属lower left 左下方upper right 右上方conduction band 导带valence band 价带electronic structure 电子结构synthetic materials （人工）合成材料oxygen 氧oxide 氧化物rust 生锈potassium 钾alkali metals 碱金属alkaline earth metals 碱土金属volatile 活泼的transition metals 过渡金属oxidize 氧化barrier layer 阻挡层basic 碱性的acidic 酸性的electrochemical series 电化序electrochemical cell 电化电池cleave 解理，劈开elemental 元素的，单质的metallic form 金属形态tightly-packed crystal lattice 密排晶格，密堆积晶格atomic radius 原子半径nuclear charge 核电荷number of bonding orbitals 成键轨道数overlap of orbital energies 轨道能重叠crystal form 晶型planes of atoms 原子面a gas of nearly free electrons 近自由电子气free electron model 自由电子模型an electron gas 电子气band structure 能带结构binding energy 键能positive potential 正势periodic potential 周期性势能band gap 能隙Brillouin zone 布里渊区nearly-free electron model 近自由电子模型solid solution 固溶体pure metals 纯金属duralumin 硬铝，杜拉铝Unit 9purification 提纯，净化raw materials 原材料discrete 离散的，分散的iodine 碘long-chain 长链alkane 烷烃，链烃oxide 氧化物nitride 氮化物carbide 碳化物diamond 金刚石graphite 石墨inorganic 无机的mixed ionic-covalent bonding 离子—共价混合键constituent atoms 组成原子conduction mechanism 传导机制phonon 声子photon 光子sapphire 蓝宝石visible light 可见光computer-assisted process control 计算机辅助过程控制solid-oxide fuel cell 固体氧化物燃料电池spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘材料capacitor 电容electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electron microscope 电子显微镜surface analytical methods 表面分析方法Unit 12macromolecule 高分子repeating structural units 重复结构单元covalent bond 共价键polymer chemistry 高分子化学polymer physics 高分子物理polymer science 高分子科学molecular structure 分子结构molecular weights 分子量long chains 长链chain-like structure 链状结构monomer 单体plastics 塑料rubbers 橡胶thermoplastic 热塑性thermoset 热固性vulcanized rubbers 硫化橡胶thermoplastic elastomer 热塑弹性体natural rubbers 天然橡胶synthetic rubbers 合成橡胶thermoplastic 热塑性thermoset 热固性resin 树脂polyethylene 聚乙烯polypropylene 聚丙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl-chloride 聚氯乙烯polyvinyl 聚乙烯的chloride 氯化物polyester 聚酯polyurethane 聚氨酯polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯nylon 尼龙acrylics 丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS树脂polymerization 聚合（作用）condensation polymerization 缩聚addition polymerization 加聚homopolymer 均聚物copolymer 共聚物chemical modification 化学改性terminology 术语nomenclature 命名法chemist 化学家the Noble Prize in Chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖catalyst 催化剂atomic force microscope 原子力显微镜（AFM）Unit 15composite 复合材料multiphase 多相bulk phase 体相matrix 基体matrix material 基质材料reinforcement 增强体reinforcing phase 增强相reinforcing material 加强材料metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料resin-matrix composite 树脂基复合材料strengthening mechanism 增强机理dispersion strengthened composite 弥散强化复合材料particle reinforced composites 颗粒增强复合材料fiber-reinforced composites 纤维增强复合材料Unit 18nanotechnology 纳米技术nanostructured materials 纳米结构材料nanometer 纳米nanoscale 纳米尺度nanoparticle 纳米颗粒nanotube 纳米管nanowire 纳米线nanorod 纳米棒nanoonion 纳米葱nanobulb 纳米泡fullerene 富勒烯size parameters 尺寸参数size effect 尺寸效应critical length 临界长度mesoscopic 介观的quantum mechanics 量子力学quantum effects 量子效应surface area per unit mass 单位质量的表面积surface physics and chemistry 表面物理化学substrate 衬底，基底graphene 石墨烯chemical analysis 化学分析chemical composition 化学成分analytical techniques 分析技术scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道显微镜spatial resolution 空间分辨率de Brogile wavelength 德布罗意波长mean free path of electrons （电子）平均自由程quantum dot 量子点band gap 带隙continuous density of states 连续态密度discrete energy level 离散能级absorption 吸收infrared 红外ultraviolet 紫外visible 可见quantum confinement (effect) 量子限域效应quantum well 量子势阱optoelectronic device 光电子器件energy spectrum 能谱electron mean free path 电子平均自由程spin relaxation length 自旋弛豫长度Unit 21biomaterial 生物材料implant materials 植入材料biocompatibility 生物相容性in vivo 在活体内in vitro 在活体外organ transplant 器管移植calcium phosphate 磷酸钙hydroxyapatite 羟基磷灰石research and development 研发R&D Preparation & Characterizationprocessing techniques 加工技术casting 铸造rolling 轧制，压延welding 焊接ion implantation 离子注入thin-film deposition 薄膜沉积crystal growth 晶体生长sintering 烧结glassblowing 玻璃吹制analytical techniques 分析技术characterization techniques 表征技术electron microscopy 电子显微术X-ray diffraction X射线衍射calorimetry 量热法Rutherford backscattering 卢瑟福背散射neutron diffraction 中子衍射nuclear microscopy 核子微探针。

工程材料常用词汇表A奥氏体 austenite奥氏体本质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size奥氏体化 austenitization, austenitii zingB白口铸铁 white cast iron白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy板条马氏体 lath martensite棒材 bar包晶反应 peritectic reaction薄板 thin sheet薄膜技术 thin film technique贝氏体 bainite本质晶粒度 inherent grain size比强度 strength-to-weight ratic变质处理 inoculation, modification变质剂 modifying agent,modificator表面处理 surface treatment表面粗糙度 surface roughness表面淬火 surface quenching表面腐蚀 surface corrosion表面硬化 surface hardening玻璃 glass玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维 glass fiber不可热处理的 non-heat-treatable不锈钢 stainless steel布氏硬度 Brinell hardnessC材料强度 strength ofmaterial残余奥氏体residual austenite残余变形 residual deformation残余应力 residual stress层状珠光体 lamellar pearlite超导金属 superconducting metal成核 nucleate, nucleation成形forming, shaping成长 growth, growing磁材料magnetic materials冲击韧性 impact toughness纯铁 pure iron粗晶粒 coarse grain脆性 brittleness脆性断裂 brittle fracture淬火 quenching, quench淬透性 hardenability淬硬性 hardenabilityD带材 baud, strip单晶 single crystal, unit crystal单体 monomer, element氮化层 nitration case氮化物 nitride刀具 cutting tool导磁性 magnetic conductivity导电性 electric conductivity导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity导体 conductor等离子堆焊 plasma surfacing等离子弧喷涂 plasma spraying等离子增强化学气相沉积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线 isothermal transformation curve低合金钢 low alloy steel低碳钢 low carbon steel低碳马氏体 low carbon?martensite低温回火low tempering点阵常数grating constant, lattice constant电镀electroplating, galvanize电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying电子显微镜 electron microscope定向结晶directional solidification S端淬试验end quenching test断口分析 fracture analysis断裂强度 breaking strength, fracture strength 断裂韧性 fracture toughness断面收缩率 contraction of cross sectional area, 锻造 forge, forging, smithing多晶体 polycrystalE二次硬化secondaryhardening二元合金 binary alloy, two-component alloyF防锈的rust-proot, rust resistant非金属non-metal, nonmetal非晶态amorphous stats分子键 molecular bond分子结构molecular structure分子量molecular weight酚醛树脂bakelite, phenolic resin粉末治金 powder metallurgy粉末复合材料 particulate composite腐蚀corrosion, corrode, etch, etching腐蚀剂corrodent, corrosive, etchant复合材料 composite materialG感应淬火 inductionquenching刚度 rigidity, stiffness钢 steel钢板steel plate钢棒 steel bar钢锭 steel ingot钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢丝 steel wire钢球 steel ball杠杆定理 lever rule, lever principle高分子聚合物 high polymer, superpolymer高合金钢 high alloy steel高锰钢 high manganess steel高频淬火 high frequency quenching高速钢 high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel高碳马氏体 high carbon martensite高弹态 elastomer高温回火high tempering各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy, anisotropism工程材料 engineering material工具钢 tool steel工业纯铁 industrial pure iron工艺 technology共价键covalent bond共晶体 eutectic共晶反应 eutectic reaction共析体 eutectoid共析钢eatectoid steel功能材料 functional materials固溶处理 solid solution treatment固溶强化 solution strengthening固溶体 solid solution固相 solid phase光亮热处理 bright heat treatment滚珠轴承钢ball bearing steel过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution 过共晶合金 hypereutectic alloy过共析钢 hypereutectoid steel过冷over-cooling, supercooling过冷奥氏体 supercooled austenite过冷度 degree of supercooling过热 overheat, superheatH焊接 welding, weld航空材料 aerial material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合金钢 alloy steel合金化alloying合金结构钢 structural alloy steel黑色金属 ferrous metal红硬性 red hardness滑移 slip, glide滑移方向 glide direction, slip direction滑移面glide plane, slip plane滑移系 slip system化合物 compound化学气相沉积 chemical vapour eposition (CVD)化学热处理 chemical heat treatmentJ基体 matrix机械混合物 mechanical mixture机械性能 mechanical property激光热处理 heat treatment with a laser beam激光 laser激光熔凝 laser melting and consolidation激光表面硬化 surface hardening by laser beam加工硬化 work hardening加热 heating胶粘剂 adhesive结构材料 structural material结晶 crystallize, crystallization结晶度 crystallinity金属材料 metal material金属化合物 metallic compound金属键 metallic bond金属组织 metal structure金属结构 metallic framework金属塑料复合材料 plastimets金属塑性加工 metal plastic?working金属陶瓷 metal ceramic金相显微镜 metallographic microscope, metalloscope 金相照片 metallograph晶胞cell晶格crystal lattice晶格常数 lattice constant晶格空位 lattice vacancy晶粒 crystal grain晶粒度 grain size晶粒细化 grain refining晶体结构 crystal structure聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)聚合度 degree of polymerization聚合反应 polymerization绝热材料 heat-insulating material绝缘材料 insulating materialK抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度 compression strength颗粒复合材料 particle composite扩散 diffusion, diffuseL老化 aging莱氏体 ledeburite冷变形 cold deformation冷加工 cold work, cold working冷却 cool, cooling冷作硬化 cold hardening离子 ion粒状珠光体 granular pearlite连续转变曲线continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve 孪晶 twin crystal孪生 twinning, twin螺旋位错 helical dislocation洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardnessM马氏体 martensite (M)密排六方晶格 close-packed xagonal lattice (C.P.H.)面心立方晶格 face-centred cubic lattice (F.C.C.)摩擦 friction磨损 wear, abrade, abrasion模具钢 die steelMf 点 martensite finishing pointMs点 martensite starting pointN纳米材料 nanostructuredmaterials耐磨钢 wear-resisting steel耐磨性 wearability, wear resistance耐热钢 heat resistant steel , high temperature steel内耗 internal friction内应力 internal stress尼龙 nylon粘弹性 viscoelasticity凝固 solidify, solidification扭转强度 torsional strength扭转疲劳强度 torsional fatigue strengthP泡沫塑料 foamplastics, expanded plastics配位数 coordination number喷丸硬化 shot-peening疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳寿命 fatigue life片状马氏体 lamellar martensite, plate type martensite普通碳钢 ordinary steel, plain carbon steelQ气体渗碳 gas carburizing切变 shear切削 cut, cutting切应力 shearing stress球化退火 spheroidizing annealing球墨铸铁 nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron 球状珠光体 globular pearlite屈服强度 yielding strength, yield strength屈强比 yielding-to-tensile ratio屈氏体 troolstite (T)去应力退火 relief annealingR热处理 heat treatment热加工 hot work, hot working热喷涂 thermal spraying热固性 thermosetting热塑性 hot plasticity热硬性 thermohardening柔顺性 flexibility人工时效 artificial ageing刃具 cutting tool刃型位错 edge dislacation, blade dislocation韧性 toughness溶质 solute溶剂 solvent蠕变 creep蠕墨铸铁 quasiflake graphite cast iron软氮化 soft nitridingS扫描电镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)上贝氏体 upper bainite渗氮 nitriding渗硫 sulfurizing渗碳 carburizing, carburization渗碳体 cementite (Cm)失效 failure石墨 graphite (G)时间-温度转变曲线 time temperaturetransformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化 age-hardening实际晶粒度 actual grain size使用寿命 service life使用性能 usability树枝状晶 dendrite树脂 resin双金属 bimetal, duplex metal水淬 water quenching, water hardening, water quench松弛 relax , relaxation塑料 plastics塑性 plasticity, ductility塑性变形 plastic deformation索氏体 sorbite (S)T弹簧钢 spring steel弹性 elasticity, spring弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性极限 elastic limit弹性模量 elastic modulus碳素钢 carbon steel碳含量 carbon content碳化物 carbide碳素工具钢 carbon tool steel陶瓷 ceramic陶瓷材料 ceramic material体心立方晶格 body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.) 体型聚合物 three-dimensional polymer调质处理 quenching and tempering调质钢 quenched and tempered steel铁碳平衡图 iron-carbon equilibrium diagram透明(结晶)陶瓷 crystalline ceramics同素异构转变 allotropic transformation涂层 coat, coating退火 anneal, annealing托氏体 troostite (T)W弯曲 bend, bending完全退火 full annealing微观组织 microstructure维氏硬度 Vickers hardness未经变质处理的 uninoculated温度 temperature无定形的 amorphous物理气相沉积 physical vapour deposition (PVD)X下贝氏体 lower bainite线型聚合物 linear polymer纤维 fibre, fiber纤维增强复合材料 filament reinforced composite显微照片 metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph 显微组织 microscopic structure, microstructure橡胶 rubber相 phase相变 phase transition相图 phase diagram消除应力退火 stress relief annealing形状记忆合金 Shape memory alloys形变 deformation性能 performance, propertyX射线结构分析 X-ray structural analysisY压力加工 press work亚共晶铸铁 hypoeutectic cast iron亚共析钢 hypoeutectoid steel氧化物陶瓷 oxide ceramics延伸率 elongation percentage盐溶淬火 salt both quenching液相 liquid phase应变 strain应力 stress应力场强度因子 stress intensity factror 应力松弛 relaxation of stress硬质合金 carbide alloy, hard alloy油淬 oil quenching, oil hardening有机玻璃 methyl-methacrylate, plexiglass 有色金属 nonferrous metal匀晶 uniform grain孕育处理 inoculation, modificationZ再结晶退火 recrystallization annealing载荷 load增强塑料 reinforced plastics针状马氏体 acicular martensite正火 normalize, normalization致密度 tightness支化型聚合物 branched polymer智能材料 intelligent materials中合金钢 medium alloy steel轴承钢 bearing steel轴承合金 bearing alloy珠光体 pearlite (P)柱状晶体 columnar crystal铸造 cast , foundry自然时效 natural ageing自由能 free energy组元 component, constituent组织 structureα钛合金αtitanium alloy— END —。

1.1、金属材料的物理性能热容 heat capacity 比热容 specific heat capacity热膨胀 thermal expansion 热传导 heat conduction热导率 thermal conductivity 热扩散系数 thermal diffusivity热稳定thermal stability (=热冲击强度thermal impact resistance=抗热震性 thermal shock resistance)密度 density （密度的测量方法有浸渍法、比重瓶法、浮沉法、和密度梯度法。

）热辐射功率 thermal emissivity堆积密度 packing density松散密度 bulk density 振实密度 tap density电阻 electrical resistance 电导率 electric conductivity介电常数 dielectric constant 超导性 superconductivity磁极化magnetic polarization 磁化强度magnetization intensity磁化率 magnetic susceptibility 剩余极化强度 remanent polarization 抗磁性 diamagnetism顺磁性 paramagnetism 铁磁性 ferromagnetism 磁畴 magnetic domain 磁通 flux 居里温度 Curie temperature（铁磁性和亚铁磁性物质的磁化强度随温度升高而降低，当达到某一临界温度时，铁磁性转变为顺磁性，该临界温度称为居里温度。

）磁晶各向异性 magnetocrystalline anisotropy折射率refractive index 反射率reflectivity 透射率transmissivity 光吸收系数absorption coefficient平均色散mean dispersion弹性elasticity粘弹性viscoelasticity 滞弹性 anelasticity（在弹性范围内加载，应变需经过一定时间后才能达到胡克定律所对应的平衡值，也就是说，应变的位相总是落后应力的位相的特性。

Chapter 1alloy 合金brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polymer 聚合物property 性能（质）refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材Chapter 7aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁cold working 冷作加工copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁ductile iron 球墨铸铁plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation沉淀fatigue curve 疲劳曲线refractory? metal 耐火（高温）金属solution hardening 固溶强化steel 钢white iron 白铁，白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金Chapter 8annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷clay 粘土melting range 熔化（温度）范围color 颜色creep 蠕变electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率nucleate 成（形）核optical property 光学性质transparency 透明glass 玻璃viscosity 粘度viscous deformation 粘性变形pure oxide 纯氧化物intermediate 中间体/中间的Chapter 9Chapter 10admixture 外加剂metal-matrix composite金属基复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性cement 水泥ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料concrete 混凝土isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度wood 木材matrix 基质（体）restriction 限制（定）elongate 拉长（的）/延伸（的）chop 切utility 效用，实用，功用epoxy 环氧树脂requisite 必需的dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地，直立地dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明inspection 检查，视察interstice 空隙，裂缝identify 认识，鉴定，确定consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调，重点，重要性elementary 基本的reverse 相反的bound 限度deflect 偏转appreciation 正确评价，鉴别offset 弥补，抵消，偏移assembly 装配，组装，总成Chapter 11ceramic 陶瓷energy band 能带polymer 聚合物conduction band 导带resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体resistance 电阻current 电流free electron 自由电子glass 玻璃semiconductor 半导体insulator 绝缘体superconductor 超导体metal 金属electrical field strength 电场强度thermocouple 热（电）偶electron 电子voltage 电压spacing 间隔（距）abstract 抽象drift 漂移hypothetical 假（设）定的extension 扩展（充）nature 自然状态conductive to 有助（益）的inability 无能（力）attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动ultimately 最后（终）于ambient 周围的（环境）account for 解释，占多少比例breakdown 崩溃，击穿polarization 极化crystallographic 晶体的，晶体学的exaggerate 夸张（大）induce 诱导constrain 强迫，抑制，约束ensuring 确保，保证transmitter 变送器，发射机Chapter 12impurity 杂质p-type semiconductor? p型半导体charge 电荷exhaustion range 耗尽区charge density 电荷密度collector 集电极transistor 晶体管conductivity 传导率dominate 支配，占优势ambient 周围（环境）的phosphorus 磷polarization 极化excess 过量的，额外的，附加的Chapter 13eddy current 涡流induction 感应（诱导）ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体domain structure 畴结构ferromagnetism 铁磁性metallic magnet 金属磁体magnetic moment 磁矩permeability 导磁性（率）magnetism 磁性transition metal 过渡金属magnetite 磁铁矿（石）magnetization 磁化modest 小的reversible 可逆的distinction （差）区别，特性ingot 铸模，铸块，锭simultaneously 同时发生的deflection 偏转hexagonal 六方晶系的。

金属材料工程专业英语词条（J字母开头）jack起重器、千斤顶、塞孔、插座jacketing套式冷却、套式加热jam咬住、滞塞、卡住、楔住、夹住Japanese Institute of Metals日本金属学会JIMJapanese Industrial Standard日本工业标准JISjarring mark横纹（冷拔管表面缺陷）抖纹（内缺陷）jaw颚、爪、夹片、钳口jet（水、气）流、喷嘴、喷管、喷射器、喷溅jobbing mill（多品种小批量）小型或中型型钢轧机jobbing sheet中板jobbing work修理工作、检修作业jobbing sheet-（rolling）mill中板轧机、（单张轧制的）板材轧机job sheet技术规程、技术说明书jog conentration割阶密度jog diffusion（位错）割阶扩散jogged screw dislocation阶梯状螺旋型位错joint接头、接缝、结点、节点joint free无缝的joint lie（钢轨）接头轨枕、拼接板joint venture联合投资、联合企业joint weld接头焊接、连接焊joist搁栅、小梁、桁条、工字钢工字梁joist pass工字钢孔型joist（rolling）mill工字钢轧机joist shear钢梁剪切机joist webs弯制型钢、冷弯型钢joke把手、柄、卡板jokey roller张力辊jolt摇动、震实joule焦耳journal端轴颈、轴颈、辊颈、枢轴journal bearing普通轴承、滑动轴承journal box（轧辊的）轴承座journal diameter轴颈直径journal section辊颈部分、轴颈部分jumb侧柱、支柱、（炉子）侧墙jumping跳跃、跳迁、突变jumping mill浮动式轧机（机架可升降的三辊轧机）jumping-up test镦粗试验jump mill上辊不传动的二辊轧机jump roll（两头带辊环平辊身的）扁钢轧辊jump in crack growth裂缝增长juncture接合、接合点、接头、焊缝。

金属材料英文词汇(1)物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features化学元素Chemical element 周期表Periodic T able金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperature退火Annealing金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetism比重Specific gravity & specific density导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties抗拉强度strength of extension ；tensile strength屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strength)伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact T est疲劳测试Fatigue T est钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体Pearlite奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel硬化性能Harden ability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性T emper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Special Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard材料的加工性能Drawing ability硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish厚度及阔度公差T olerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber防止生锈Rust Protection焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding生产流程Production Flow Chart表面处理Surface T reatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip长度公差Length T olerance表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size焊接能力Weld ability钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准T ype of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel金属材料英文词汇(2)高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon T ool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火T empering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High T emperature T empering高温回火High T emperature T empering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low T emperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire –National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表T ensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差T olerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987Chromium –Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire –ASTM A313 – 1987美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel (in order of number & alphabet)boron / ˈbɔːrɔn; ˋbɔrɑn/ 硼sodium / ˈsəudɪəm; ˋsodɪəm/ 钠calcium / ˈkælsɪəm; ˋkælsɪəm/ 钙vanadium / ˈvəˈneɪdɪəm; vəˋnedɪəm/ 钒chromium / ˈkrəumɪəm; ˋkromɪəm/ 铬manganese / ˈmæŋgəniːz; ˋmæŋɡəˈniz/ 锰titanium [taI`tєnIəm; taiˋtєinjəm] 钛phosphorus / ˈfɔsfərəs; ˋfɑsfərəs/ 磷Lithium / ˈlɪθɪəm; ˋlɪθɪəm/ 锂Beryllium [bə`rIlIəm; bєˋriljəm] 铍potassium / pəˈtæsɪəm; pəˋtæsɪəm/ 钾magnesium / mægˈniːzɪəm; US mægˈniːʒəm; mæɡˋniʒəm/ 镁yttrium [`ItrIəm; ˋitriəm]zirconium [zL`konIəm; zə:ˋkounjəm] 锆cadmium / ˈkædmɪəm; ˋkædmɪəm/ 镉sulfur 硫。

金属材料工程专业英语词条a alloy 铝合金（铝镁硅合金）abacl（abacus的复数）算盘、曲线图、列线图abampere绝对安培（等于10安培）abandonment废弃abatement消除、减轻、减少、失效、废料、治理abbertite黑沥青A-B-C process污水净化三级过程ability to deform变形能力ability to depth-harden硬化性能、硬化能力ability to retain moisture含水性能、含水能力ablation除去、消融、烧蚀abnormal反常的、不正常的、不规则的abnormal alarm lamp反常报警灯abnormal creep反常蠕变abnormal current异常电流abnormal grain growth异常晶粒长大a-bomb原子弹aborted heat炼废炉次、报废炉次about-sledge hammer大锤、带平柄的锤above-critical state超临界状态above-thermal超热的abradability磨损性、磨蚀性abradant磨料、研磨剂、金刚砂abrade磨蚀、磨损、磨光abrader磨光机、磨蚀试验机、砂轮机abraser磨料abrasion磨损、磨耗、磨蚀、海蚀、冲蚀abrasion effect磨损效应abrasion hardness耐磨硬度abrasion index抗磨指数、抗磨强度abrasion marks磨痕、擦伤abrasion-proof耐磨的、抗磨的abrasion resistance耐磨性、抗磨性abrasion resistant test耐磨试验abrasion resistant alloy耐磨合金abrasion resistant coating耐磨镀层、耐磨保护层abrasion resistant quality耐磨性、抗磨性abrasion resistant steel耐磨钢abrasion test磨耗试验、磨损试验、磨蚀试验abrasion tester磨损试验机abrasive磨蚀的、磨损的、磨料abrasive action磨蚀作用、磨剥作用abrasive belt磨光砂带、研磨砂带abrasive belt polishing带式抛光、用研磨带抛光abrasive blast cleaning喷砂清理abrasive brick耐磨砖abrasive characteristics磨损性、磨蚀性abrasive cleaning砂轮清理法abrasive cutoff砂轮切割abrasive cutoff machine磨切机、磨割机、砂轮切断机abrasive cutting wheel切割砂轮abrasive damage磨伤、磨损abrasive descaling磨除氧化铁皮、磨除铁鳞abrasive disc砂轮abrasive disc cutter砂轮切割片、砂轮锯abrasive dust磨屑、研磨粉abrasive finishing研磨精整（磨光、擦光、打光）abrasive grain磨粒abrasive grit磨料、铁粒abrasive hardness摩擦硬度、磨损硬度abrasive laden含有磨料的abrasive material磨料、研磨材料abrasive media磨料abrasive nature磨损性质abrasive paper研磨纸abrasive points研磨头abrasive powder研磨粉、磨料粉abrasive power研磨力abrasive shot研磨用金属丸（钢丸、铁丸）abrasive slurry磨粉浆abrasive stick油石、磨条abrasive surface研磨面、磨损面abrasive wear磨损、磨耗abrasive wheel砂轮、研磨轮abrator抛喷清理机abrupt change 陡变abrupt curve折线、急弯曲线abrupt slope陡度abscess气孔（缺陷）absciss横坐标absence缺乏、缺少absent day缺勤日absolute activity绝对活度absolute address绝对地址、机器地址absolute alcohol无水酒精absolute altitude绝对高度absolute atmpsphere绝对大气压absolute black body绝对黑体absolute boiling point绝对沸点absolute capacity绝对容量absolute code绝对代码absolute density绝对密度absolute deviation绝对偏差absolute disintegration rate绝对衰减速率absolute displacement绝对位移absolute draught绝对压下量absolute electrostatic unit绝对静电单位absolute error绝对误差absolute ethyl alcohol无水酒精absolute hardness绝对硬度（未考虑表面硬化）absolute humidity绝对湿度absolute intensity绝对强度absolute magnitude绝对大小、绝对值absolute maximum绝对最大值absolute minimum绝对最小值absolute pressure绝对压力absolute pressure gauge绝对压力表absolute signal绝对信号absolute readout绝对示值读数absolute spread宽展量、绝对宽展absolute stability绝对稳定性absolute system of units绝对单位absolute temperature绝对温度absolute vacuum绝对真空absolute valency绝对价、最高价absolute value绝对值absolute weight绝对重量absolute zero绝对零度（-273℃）absorb吸收、减振absorbability吸收性、吸收能力、吸收量absorbance吸收率、吸收系数absorbancy吸收能力absorbate吸收剂、吸收质absorbed energy吸收能量absorbed heat吸收热absorbed-in-fracture energy冲击韧性、冲击功absorbed power吸收能量、吸收本领absorbed moisture吸收的水份absorbed radiation dose吸收的辐射剂量absorbed striking energy被吸收的冲击功absorbent吸收剂、吸收器、减振器absorbent bed吸收剂层、吸收床absorbent filter吸收过滤器absorber吸收剂、减震器、滤波器、滤光器absorbing column吸收塔absorbing material吸收物质、吸收体、吸收剂absorbing matter吸收材料、吸收物质abut端面、支架、枢轴abutment支点、支座、承座、拱基abutment crane台座起重机abutment joint对接、对接接头abutting相邻的、接触的、突出的abutting edges对接的边accelerant加速剂、催化剂、促进剂accelerated ageing加速时效accelerated combustion加速燃烧accelerated cooling加速冷却accelerated corrosion加速腐蚀accelerated creep加速蠕变accelerated life test加速寿命试验accelerated load test加速载荷试验accelerated solution加速浸蚀液accelerating agent催化剂、促凝剂accelerating electrode加速电极accelerating field加速场、加速电场accelerating force加速力accelerating moment加速力矩accelerating relay加速继电器accelerating tube加速管acceleration加速度acceleration of gravity重力加速度accelerator加速剂、催化剂、加速器、速滤剂accelerator test（磷化处理溶液的）加速剂试验accelerometer加速度计、加速度表acceptability适应性、适用性acceptable environmental limit环境容限acceptance验收acceptable sinter合格烧结矿acceptance certificate验收证明书、验收单acceptance inspection验收检验、验收acceptance number合格数、接受数、验收数acceptance of work工程的验收acceptance quality level质量验收标准acceptance sampling验收取样acceptance stamp验收钢印、检验钢印acceptance standard 验收标准acceptance station接受站acceptor接受器、受体access进路、通路、入口、取数、存取access cycle存取周期access eye检查孔access floor活动地板access hole检修孔、窥视孔accessibility可达性、可接近性access mechanism存取机构access mode存取方式access of gas烟气入口、进气口accessories辅助设备（装置或仪器）、配件、附件accessory equipment辅助设备、附属设备accessory machinery辅助机械设备accessory material辅助材料accessory mineral副矿物accessory plant辅助车间access railroad专用铁路accident事故、故障、损坏、损伤accidental error偶然误差accidental homicide事故致死accident defect事故损坏accident insurance事故保险accident prevention事故预防、安全技术ac circuit交流电路accommodation coefficient 适应系数、调节系数accommodation dislocation适应位错accompanying element伴生元素accompanying impurity伴生杂质account balance帐户结余account number帐号account of receipts收入帐户account valuation造价预算、估价accumulated dose累计剂量、总剂量accumulated error累计误差accumulation of heat蓄热accumulation of impurities杂质积累accumulation type wiredrawing machine无滑动多次（级）拉丝机、堆积式拉丝机accumulator贮料塔、蓄电池、存储器、记忆装置accumulator car电瓶车accumulator cell蓄电池accuracy准确、精确、准确度、精确度accuracy class准确度级别、精度等级accuracy control system准确度控制accuracy of measuring测量精度、计量精度accuracy of reading读数精确度accuracy of shape形状精确度accuracy rate精度等级accurate adjustment精密调整accurate grinding精磨accurate lattice-parameter determination method 点阵常数精密测定法acetylene gas乙炔气acicular carbide针状碳化物acicular constituent针状组分acicular crystal针状晶体acicular iron针状铸铁acicular martensite针状马氏体acicular needles针状晶体acicular structure针状组织、针状结构acicular troostite针状屈氏体acid酸、酸性的acid annealing浸酸退火acidate酸化acid attack酸侵蚀acid-base酸碱的acid-base equilibrium酸碱平衡acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂acid bath酸槽acid（Bessemer）converter酸性转炉acid brick酸性耐火砖acid brittleness酸洗脆性、氢脆性acid burden酸性炉料acid clay酸性粘土acid cleaning（同pickling）酸洗acid concentration酸浓度acid converter酸性转炉acid converter steel酸性转炉钢acid content酸含量acid corrosion酸腐蚀acid deficient弱酸的、酸不足的acid dip酸浸acid dip pickler(沉浸式) 酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽acid drain tank排酸槽acidless descaling无酸除鳞acid medium酸性介质acid mist酸雾acid-proof paint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proof steel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢acid-resisting vessel耐酸槽acid strength酸浓度acid supply pump供酸泵acid wash酸洗acid value酸值acid wash solution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳A cm point A cm转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acorn nut螺母、螺帽acoustic absorption coefficient声吸收系数acoustic susceptance声纳actifier再生器action line作用线action spot作用点activated atom激活原子activated bath活化槽activated carbon活性碳activating treatment活化处理active corrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀active area有效面积active power有功功率、有效功率active product放射性产物active resistance有效电阻、纯电阻active roll gap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度active state活性状态active surface有效（表）面activity coefficient激活系数、活度系数actual diameter（钢丝绳）实际直径actual efficiency实际效率actual error实际误差actual time实时actual working stress实际加工应力actuating device调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuating lever驱动杆、起动杆actuating mechanism 动作机构、执行机构actuating motor驱动电动机、伺服电动机actuating pressure作用压力actuation shaft起动轴actuator调节器、传动装置、执行机构acute angle锐角adaptive feed back control自适应反馈控制adaptive optimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附件added material添加剂、添加料adding liner垫片additional press附加压力additional record追加记录、补充记录additional roller table延伸辊道additional shear附加剪切变形、附加切变additional strength附加强度additional treatment附加处理adjustment of rolls轧辊的调整admissible error允许误差admissible tolerance允许公差advance angle前滑角adjustable end stop升降挡板adjustable housings可调机架adjustage辅助设备、精整设备adjuster调节器、装配工aeolotropism各向异性aerial metal航空（用）金属affinage furnace精炼炉affinity亲和力、亲和能after-chroming二次镀铬、重复镀铬after-contraction二次收缩、残余收缩after end（板卷的）后端after flow残余塑性流变（停止加载后的）afternoon shift晚班、中班age hardening precipitation时效硬化沉淀age hardening range时效硬化（温度）范围age hardening steel时效硬化钢ageing characteristic时效特性ageing phenomena时效现象ageing resistance抗时效性、抗老化性能ageing stability时效稳定性、耐时效性agile manufacturing敏捷制造air-hardening steel空气淬硬钢air humidity空气湿度air impermeability气密性air infiltration渗风、漏风air inflow吸风、进气（流）airing空气干燥、通风air ingress空气入口air injection鼓风alarm bell警钟、警笛alarm pressure报警压力alignment error安装误差alkali liquor碱液alkaline solvent碱性溶剂alkali metal碱金属alkaline wash碱洗alkali proof steel耐碱钢alkali scrubbing tower碱洗塔alloy ageing合金时效alloy biscuit合金块alloy building合金化、加合金元素、形成合金alloy carbon martensite含碳合金马氏体alloy chilled iron roll冷硬合金铸铁轧辊alloy composition合金成分alloy（ed）austenite合金奥氏体alloy-steel合金钢alloy segregation合金成分偏析alloy system合金系alloy tool steel合金工具钢alpha ferriteα铁素体alternating current交流电AC. alternating strain交变应变alternative steel代用钢alumetized steel渗铝钢alumina氧化铝、铝氧、矾土Al2O3 American Iron and Steel Institute美国钢铁学会AISIAmerican Petroleum Institute美国石油学会APIAmerican standard code for information interchange美国信息交换标准代码ASCⅡAmerican Society of Metas美国金属学会ASMAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师学会ASMEAmerican Society for Testing Materials美国材料试验学会ASTMamount of cold plastic deformation冷塑性变形量amount of cold work冷加工量amount of contraction收缩量amount of deformation变形量amount of deflection挠度、偏差值amount of draught压缩量、压下量amount of hot work热加工量amount of order有序度amount of reduction压缩量、变形程度amount of shrinkage收缩量amount of flue gas废气量amount of porosity孔隙度amount of slag渣量amount of slip滑移量amount of spread宽展量amount of taper斜度amount of traffic交通量、运输量amount of vacuum真空度amount of wear磨损程度、磨损量analysis of spectra光谱分析analytical procedure分析方法angle角、角形的、角尺、角钢angle of arrival入射角angle of bite咬入角、轧入角angle of contact（轧件同轧辊的）接触角angle of diffraction衍射角、绕射角angle of deflection偏转角angle of friction摩擦角angle of lag滞后角angle of lead超前角angle of entry咬入角angle iron角钢angle（-iron）shearing machine角钢剪切机angle iron with equal legs等边角钢angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of oscillation振动角angle of nip咬入角、轧入角angle of rolling（轧件同轧辊的）接触角、咬入角angle of sides（孔型）侧壁斜度angle of viewing视角angle of wrap包角angle pass角钢孔型angle section角钢angle steel角钢angle shear角钢剪切机angle straightening machine角钢矫直机angle testing超声波斜探头探伤angular角状的、有角的angular acceleration角加速度angular coordinates角坐标angular displacement角位移angular guide斜导板angular rolling角轧angular speed角速度angularity顶角、成角度anion阴离子anisothermal diagram连续冷却转变图anisothermal transformation非等温转变、连续冷却转变anisotropic crystal各向异性晶体anisotropic effect各向异性效应anisotropic material各向异性材料anisotropic structure各向异性组织anisotropism各向异性现象anneal退火annealed-in-process wire中间退火钢丝annealed sheet iron退火薄钢板annealed strip退火带钢annealed tensile strength退火后的抗张强度annealer退火炉anneal hardness退火（状态）硬度annealing and pickling plant退火酸洗车间annealing at elevated temperature高温退火annealing bay退火炉跨annealing brittleness退火脆性annealing colour退火色annealing conditions退火状态、退火条件annealing cycle退火周期、退火制度annealing-descaling line退火除鳞作业线annealing furnace退火炉annealing in process中间退火annealing kiln退火炉annealing installation退火设备annealing facilities退火设备annealing device退火装置annealing oven退火炉annealing operation退火工序annealing-pickling line退火酸洗线annealing practice退火工艺、退火操作annealing temperature-hardness plot退火温度与硬度关系曲线图annealing room退火工段、退火间annual inspection年度检查、检修annual output年产量annual rate年产量annual overhaul年度检修annular环状的、轮状的annular furnace环形炉annular hearth环形炉膛annular shape环形轧材annular slit环形缝隙anode阳极、正极、板极antibiotics抗生素、抗菌素anti-buckle roll防弯辊anti-cathode反阴极、对阴极anti-coagulin阻凝剂anticorrosive agent防腐剂anticrimp rolls辊式导卫装置apparent size表观尺寸、视尺寸apparent specific gravity表观比重、视比重appearance view外视图、外观图application for a patent申请专利applied force外力、作用力approach引道、引路、引桥、近似值、近似法、接近、类似、手段approach angle（拉摸）变形锥approach of die拉模工作带、拉模压缩带approach roller table输入辊道approach switch接近开关approval test鉴定试验、验收试验approximate value近似值approximation formula近似式approximation function近似方程式aptitude for rolling可轧性arc弧、弧形、电弧、弧光、弓形、拱形arc-furnace department电弧炉炼钢车间arc hardening电弧加热淬火arched crown拱顶arc-welded pipe弧焊管area of fracture断口面、断裂面area of indentation压痕面积area reduction减面率、断面减缩率argonaut welding自动氩弧焊argon-oxygen decarburizing (AOD)氩氧脱碳法armature coil电枢绕组armature core电枢铁芯armature current电枢电流armature voltage电枢电压arm of force力臂arrangement diagram布置图arrangement drawing布置图arrangement of dislocations位错的排列artificial ageing人工时效artificial cognition人工识别artificial satellite人造卫星A-scale of Rockwell hardness (HRA)洛氏A标度硬度as-cast metal铸态金属ASSEL mill阿塞尔轧管机（三辊轧管机）as-hardened structure淬火状态asphalt concrete沥青混凝土as-quenched hardness淬火硬度as-received condition交货状态as-reduced metal还原态金属as-rolled condition轧制状态assay化验、检验、鉴定、试料、试金物assayer分析员、化验员assemble安装、装配、集合、组合、汇编assembly部件、组件、装置、组装asymmetrical pass非对称孔型asynchronous motor异步电动机atomic distance原子间距atomic migration原子迁移A0 transformationA0转变（钢中渗碳体的磁性转变）A1 transformation A1转变（钢的共析转变）A2 transformation A2转变（铁的磁性转变）A3 transformationA3转变（铁的同素转变，即α铁γ铁转变）A4 transformation A4转变（γ铁δ铁转变）attemperator恒温箱、温度控制装置ausageing奥氏体时效（处理）（残余奥氏体在700℃左右加热分解）aus-bay quenching过冷奥氏体亚稳定区均热淬火ausforging（过冷奥氏体）锻造形变热处理ausform奥氏体形变、形变热处理ausform steel奥氏体形变热处理钢ausrolling（过冷奥氏体）轧制形变热处理ausroll tempering轧制加工等温淬火austemper case hardening等温淬火表面硬化austempered steel等温淬火钢、奥氏体回火钢austenite奥氏体austenite annealing奥氏体化温度退火austenite conditioning奥氏体化austenite former奥氏体形成元素austenite grain boundary奥氏体晶界austenite grain-size classification奥氏体晶粒度分级austenite hardener奥氏体强化元素austenite microstructure奥氏体显微组织austenite recrystallization奥氏体再结晶austenite stabilization奥氏体稳定化处理austenite steel奥氏体钢austenitic area奥氏体区austenitic condition奥氏体状态austenitic heat resistance steel奥氏体耐热钢austenitic manganese steel奥氏体锰钢austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel奥氏体镍铬不锈钢austenization奥氏体化austenrolling轧制形变热处理austosyn自同步机、自整角机automatic bander自动打捆机automatic buffing machine自动抛光机automatic butt welding自动对焊automatic catching（机架间）自动递钢automatic coil handling device带卷自动处理装置automatic coil height centering卷高自动对中automatic coil tail end stopping带尾自动停止装置automatic coil weighing system带卷自动称量系统automatic coil width centering钢卷宽度自动对中automatic combustion control (A.C.C)自动燃烧控制automatic controller自动控制（仪）器、自动调节器automatic control loop自动控制回路automatic control rod自动控制杆automatic correction自动校正automatic dump自动卸料automatic ejection自动出料、自动出坯automatic flatness control自动平直度控制automatic-gauge classifier钢板厚度自动分选机automatic gauge control厚度自动控制AGC automatic gauge controller厚度自动调整器automatic mill自动轧管机automatic mode自动方式automatic oscillograph自动示波器automatic packing unit自动包装机automatic plug mill process自动轧管法automatic plug-rolling mill自动芯棒轧管机automatic position control自动位置控制APC automatic preset自动程序调整automatic preset control自动预设定控制automatic pressure controller压力自动调节器automatic reversal自动变换、自动换辊向automatic roll changing rig自动换辊装置automatic roll-forming mill自动辊式（冷弯）成型机automatic sampler自动取样器automatic scarfing自动火焰清理automatic screwdown control压下装置的自动控制automatic sensitivity control灵敏度自动控制automatic sequence control system自动程序控制系统automatic sheet counter薄板自动记数器automatic shat-off自动关闭automatic side register control自动齐边控制automatic signal自动信号automatic size control尺寸自动控制、尺寸自动检验automatic slab discharging板坯自动出料automatic slow down device自动降速装置（开卷机的）automatic sorter自动分类机automatic speed regulator自动速度调节器automatic spinning lathe自动旋压机、自动旋床automatic spot welding自动点焊automatic spray control自动喷水控制automatic stabilizer自动稳定器automatic stacker crane自动堆垛起重机automatic stamper自动打印机automatic starter自动起动装置、自动起动器automatic steel易切钢、自动机床用钢automatic steel level control钢液面自动控制automatic stock screening物料自动筛分automatic stoking自动加料、自动推料automatic stop自动停机automatic stove changing热风炉自动换向automatic strapping自动捆扎automatic stream centering control钢流自动调中控制automatic strip edgepath control带钢边缘自动控制automatic strip-straightening machine带材自动平整机、钢带自动矫直机automatic submerged-arc welding埋弧自动焊automatic supervising device自动监视装置automatic swinging chain leaner自动摇摆链式清除期automatic switch自动开关automatic synchronous closing equipment自动同步闭合装置automatic system自动装置、自动化系统automatic tape punch自动纸带穿孔automatic temperature controller温度自动调节器automatic temperature recorder温度自动记录器automatic temperature regulator自动温度调节器automatic tension control张力自动控制automatic thickness control厚度自动控制automatic threading control device穿带自动控制装置automatic tinning equipment自动镀锡设备automatic tipping device自动倾翻装置automatic torque control自动转矩控制automatic transversal centering卷宽自动对中、(带卷)横向自动对中automatic tripper car自动卸料车automatic vacuum ladling system真空自动浇铸系统automatic voltage regulator自动电压调整器automatic water-level detecting device 自动水位检测装置automatic weigher自动磅称、自动计量器automatic-weight classifier钢板重量自动分选机automatic weld自动焊焊缝automatic welder自动电焊机automatic (welding) wire自动焊接焊丝automatic width centering卷宽自动对中automatic work roll changing工作辊自动换辊automobile汽车、、自动车automobile body sheet汽车车身薄板automobile clutch汽车离合器automobile expressway汽车高速公路automobile parts汽车零件automobile steel汽车钢automotive steel汽车用钢auto-plant自动装置、自动设备autoprecipitation自动沉淀析出auto-relief valve自动减压阀autostop自动停止(装置)autosyn自动同步机、交流同步器、自整角机autosynchronous motor自同步电动机autoweighing feeder自动计量加料auto-wide detector宽度自动检测器autoxidation自动氧化auxiliary bay辅助跨auxiliary console辅助控制台auxiliary instrument辅助仪表auxiliary machinery辅机auxiliary make contact辅助闭合触点auxiliary mechanism辅助机构auxiliary oven辅助加热炉auxiliary plant辅助车间auxiliary relay辅助继电器、中间继电器auxiliary roller table辅助辊道auxiliary stair便梯availability coefficient作业率、利用率availability index有效指数available base有效碱available capacity有效容量、有效生产能力available carbon有效碳、平衡碳available energy有效能、有用能available time可用时间available surface有效表面积average content平均含量average composition平均成分average concentration平均浓度average daily production平均日产量average density平均密度average-earned rate 平均小时工资average error平均误差average flow平均流量average gradient平均梯度average grading平均粒度average grain diameter晶粒平均直径average haul平均运距average highway一般公路average life period平均寿命average make平均产量average outgoing quality(AOQ)产品平均质量average output平均生产率average pore size平均孔径average potential drop平均电压降average rate of creep平均蠕变average roll pressure平均轧制压力average temperature difference平均温差average tempering中温回火average velocity平均速度average-to-good中上等的、中等以上的axial angle（结晶）轴角axial bearing轴向轴承、止推轴承axial constants晶轴常数axial draw轴向拉伸axial elongation轴向延长、轴向延伸axial extension轴向延伸axial force轴向力axial thrust轴向推力axis of abscissa横坐标轴axial withdrawn轴向抽出（换辊）axis of crystals晶体轴axis of groove轧槽（孔型）中线axis of mill轧机中心线axis of ordinate纵坐标轴axis of reference参考轴、坐标轴、基准线axis of revolution旋转轴、回转轴axis of rolling轧制中心线axis of rotation转动轴、旋转轴axis of strain应变轴axis of stress应力轴axis of symmetry对称轴axis of tension张力轴axisymmetric deformation轴对称变形axisymmetric drawing轴对称拉伸axisymmetric extrusion轴对称挤压axle车轴、轮轴、心轴、轴杆axle journal轴颈back背、后背、支持、承托back action反作用back and forth method选择法、尝试法back forth motion往复运动back and forth pass来回通过back axle后轴back bias反馈偏压backedge后脊、裂缝、夹层、轧疤backedges(轧件)舌尖backed up pressure regulating roller lev-eler支承压力可调的辊式矫直机backed up roller leveller without pressure regulation支承压力不可调的辊式矫直机backed up type roller leveler带支承辊的辊式矫直机back e.m.f反电势back end尾端back end crops切尾back end (extrusion) defect挤压缩孔back end whip（活套的）甩尾back extrusion逆向挤压、反挤压back force反作用力backing up roll支承辊backing roll支承辊back live table机后工作辊道back main table机后主要工作辊道back mill table机后工作辊道back out拧松、旋出、取消、放弃、逆序back pressure反压、反压力back pressure valve止回阀back pull反拉力、后张力back pull (tension) wire drawing后拉力拔丝法back tension后张力、后拉力back tension bridle带材张紧装置back shift中班、晚班back stress反向应力back stroke回程backup roll 支承辊backup roll arbor（组合式）支承辊心轴backup （roll） bearing支承辊轴承backup roll chock 支承辊轴承合backup roll diameter支承辊直径backup roll extractor支承辊换辊装置backup roll grinding machine支承辊磨床backup roll sleeve（组合式）支承辊辊套backup shaft支承辊辊轴backup system支承系统backward up roll 支承辊back wall后壁、后墙backward creep（轧制）后滑backward direction反向、后向backward extrusion逆向挤压backward flow后滑backward force反向力、反（作用）力back（ward）motion回程运动、倒行、倒车backward pass（可逆轧机中的）偶数道次backward pull后张力backward slip（轧制时金属的）后滑backward spinning反旋压、反向旋压backward tension反拉力、后张力bacterial corrosion细菌腐蚀、微生物腐蚀bacteria metallurgy细菌冶金bad cast钢丝盘卷不均(有涨圈、收圈、反盘等现象)、杂乱排绕bad material有缺陷材料（原子晶体畸变剧烈区域）baffle wall隔板bainite hardness贝氏体硬度bainite quenching贝氏体淬火bainite tempering贝氏体回火bainite transformation贝氏体转变bainite hardening贝氏体淬火bainite heat treatment贝氏体热处理bainite steel贝氏体钢bake hardening烘烤硬化baking soda碳酸氢钠、小苏打baking oven干燥器、干燥室、干燥炉baking varnish烤漆baking enamel烘烤搪瓷baking coating烘烤涂层balance天平、平衡、对称、比较、差额balanced bridge平衡电桥balanced ingot半镇静钢钢锭balanced method平衡法、零点（补偿）测量法balanced mill（上辊不传动的）二辊式轧板机balanced reaction平衡反应balanced relay差动继电器、平衡继电器balanced running平衡运转、均衡运转（无跳动、无颤动）balanced steel半镇静钢、半脱氧钢balanced top roll（二辊周期式薄板轧机的）非传动上辊balanced force平衡力balance of heat热平衡balance of metal金属平衡balance-of-payments accounts收支平衡帐目核算balance on current account经常项目的平衡balance on goods and services货物与服务的平衡balance sheet平衡表、对照表balance tank高位储水槽、水塔balance type potentiometer平衡式电位计ball bearing滚珠轴承ball burnishing钢球抛光ball crusher球磨机baller切边卷取机ball forning machine钢球成型机ball impression球状压痕（布氏硬度试验的）balling machine切边卷取机balling up卷取（切边）、收集、积聚（氧化铁皮）ballizing表面喷丸处理ball mandrel球形芯轴、求形芯棒、球形顶杆ball peening喷丸硬化（处理）ball penetrator球形压头（硬度计的）ball rolling mill钢球轧机band地带、带、条、绑扎、波段、光带、能带band edge（板带材的）轧制的边banded orientation带状组织banded precipition带状沉淀banded roll辊身表面压嵌着氧化铁皮的轧辊band filter带通滤波器band guide带材导板band hot mill带材热轧机banding machine打包机banding steel带钢banding iron（窄）带钢b and not a gate禁止门、b“与”a非门band pass filter带通滤波器band pickling machine带材酸洗机bands of deformation形变带bands of secondary slip二次滑移带band steel带钢（碳含量小于0.12%）band theory能带理论band cooling冷床冷却bar杆、棒、棒材、条钢、型钢（圆、六角、矩、方形、异形及窄厚扁材）、巴（英国1巴=106达因/厘米2，其他国家1巴=0.75×10-3毫米汞柱）bar and shape mill型材轧机bar and tube straightening machine管棒矫直机bar bench棒材拉拔机bar drawing长芯棒拔管、棒材拔制bar iron rolling mill小型钢材轧机bar iron rolling train条钢轧机机组barium silicate硅酸钡bar mill小型轧机（生产简单断面和异形断面的）bar mill feed小型型材轧机用坯barometric pressure大气压barrel桶、卷筒、炉腰、（盛钢桶塞棒的）套筒、轧辊辊身、（光栅的）桶形失真barrel diameter辊身直径barrelling辊身做出凸度、滚筒抛光、转筒喷涂法barrel roll辊身barrel rolling operation滚筒碾轧操作barrel shaped roll桶形轧辊barrel switch鼓形转换开关barrel twister扭转辊barrel type furnace分段式加热炉、快速加热炉（加热管材、焊管坯）bar tin锡块、锡锭bar type current transformer母线式电流互感器bar finishing棒材精整bar（steel rolled）stock棒材、条材、小型型钢（圆钢、方钢、六角钢、窄扁钢和角钢等）bar strip薄板坯bar straightener型钢矫直机bar throw off gear轧件拔出装置（从辊道拔往冷床）base基、基点、基数、基准、底（子）、座、碱、基极、管底、固定式炉底、地脚板base coat底涂层base stand（罩式炉）炉台座basic碱的、碱性的、碱式的、基性的、基础的、根本的、基本的basic converter碱性转炉basic oxygen process碱性氧气转炉炼钢法BOPbasic oxygen furnace scrap碱性氧气转炉用废钢basic structure of unstrained crystals未变形晶体的基本结构basic study基础理论研究basic work hardening基本加工硬化bastard oval（pass）凹底椭圆孔型batch一批、一炉、一叠（钢板）、坯料、加料、程序组、零料batch annealing分批退火、室式炉退火batching set up配料装置batch number批号batch type annealing plant罩式退火炉设备batch type annealing line室式退火机组作业线、分批退火作业线batch type annealing tin plate罩式退火镀锡板bath浴、池、槽、熔体、熔池、电解液bath tank电解槽、电镀槽bath viscosity电解质粘度beaded pearlite粒状珠光体beaded joint圆根焊缝、角焊缝、窄焊道焊接beader（板材）弯边机、卷边工具beam束、道、柱（光）、注、射束、波束、梁、用波束导航、条形砖beam mill钢梁轧机beam（of）housing机架横梁beam of X-rays X-射线beam roughing method平轧法beam with one overhanging end悬臂梁beam with fixed ends固定梁bearer载体、托架、支座bearing轴承、方位、方向、支架、支点、支承面、电杆、铁塔bearing plate bars钢轨垫板bearing shell轴承壳、轴瓦bearing seat轴承座bed床、垫、工作台、床层、底料、炉底、穿孔机下摸、基础bed die底模bedding in（拉模的）研磨bell钟、钟形物、锥、喇叭口、料钟、料盖bell type annealing（furnace）罩式退火炉bell of die拉模入口锥bellows膜合、波纹管、手用吹风器belt带、皮带、炉腰、皮带运输机belt polishing砂带抛光belt slip皮带跑偏、皮带滑移belt tracking皮带跑偏belt wrapper皮带助卷机bench台架、拉丝机、拉拔机、拉床bend弯曲、折弯、转弯、转折、偏转、弯管、弯头、曲拐、曲柄bending backup roller set弯曲支持辊组bending crack弯裂、弯曲裂纹bending creep test弯曲蠕变试验bend（ing）deflection挠度、弯曲垂度、弯度bending die（焊管用的）成型模、压弯模bending ductility弯曲塑性bending failure弯曲断裂bending fatigue resistance弯曲疲劳强度bending flexure弯曲、挠曲bending former diameter弯曲样板直径bending impact properties冲击弯曲性能bending jig弯曲试验装置、弯曲夹具bending method （of rolling）蝶形轧制法（角钢）弯曲轧制法bending modulus弯曲模数bending moment弯曲力矩bending of glide lamellate 滑移层弯曲bending pass弯曲孔型bending rigidity抗弯刚度bending roller弯曲辊bending rolls弯板机bending test piece弯曲试验试样bending trestle弯曲试验台bending up method碟形孔型轧制法（轧制角钢）bending –up roll device弯辊装置bending yield point弯曲屈服点bending plane弯曲面bend toughness弯曲韧性beneficiation plant选矿厂bent排架、横向构架、弯曲bent strand continuous casting mchine立弯式连铸机bent strip镰刀形（缺陷）带材bent tubing弯管加工besel监视窗、监视孔Bessemer ladle盛钢桶、钢（水）罐best bright finish冷轧钢带表面的高光洁度（3号光洁度）best charcoal tin plate最优厚锡层镀锡薄钢板beta rayβ射线beta thickness gaugeβ射线测厚仪bethanized wire电镀锌钢丝between pass annealing轧制道次间退火、中间退火bevel斜面、斜角、斜削、（焊管坯的）斜边bevel cut斜切面bevel face斜面bevel gear斜齿轮、圆锥齿轮biaxial stress平面应力、双轴应力bichromate 重铬酸盐bidirectional operation双向操作big end up ingot上大下小钢锭big end up mould上大下小锭模big mill开坯轧机、粗轧机big scale work大型工程billet条、块、坯料、钢坯、方坯、毛坯billet and bar shear钢坯-型钢剪切机billet caster方坯连铸机billet chipper钢坯清理装置billet cleaning unit坯料清理机组billet discharge conveyer钢坯输出辊道billeteer钢坯剥皮机billet elevator坯料升降（堆垛）台billet heating furnace钢坯加热炉billet loading unit供坯装置billet marker坯料打印机billet mill钢坯轧机billet racks钢坯冷床billet reheating furnace钢坯加热炉billet roll钢坯轧辊billet sizer管坯回转定径机billet steel钢坯billet storage坯料仓库billet switch坯料分配器billet unscrambler钢坯自动堆垛机billet yard坯料仓库bill of loading装货表bill of materials材料表billy roll轧机机座进口或出口处的水平导向辊bimetal双金属、复合钢材bimetallic article双金属制品binary phase diagram二元相图bind扎、捆、粘合、结合、赋值binder粘合剂、粘结剂、绑扎用钢丝、打包用线材、固定夹（砂箱用）binder material粘合剂、粘合料、渗碳剂binder metal金属粘合剂binder agent粘结剂binding machine打包机、捆扎机binomial distribution二项式分布binary-coded decimal二进制编码的十进制、二-十进制BCDbit小量、刀头、比特（二进制信息单位）、位、二进制数码bite辊缝、咬入bite speed咬入速度bite condition咬入条件black dot黑斑、黑点blacking wash黑涂料black iron oxide四氧化三铁black iron ore（同magnetic（iron）ore）黑铁矿、雌铁矿Fe3O4black light filter不可见光过滤片、紫外光过滤器black oxide finish（钢表面的）氧化发黑处理black patches黑斑点（板带材上未酸洗或欠酸洗部分）black pickling初酸洗、粗酸洗black pipe非镀锌管、无镀层管black plate黑钢板（未镀的）blade clearance剪刀间隙blade holder刀片架、锯条夹blade rake刀片倾斜度blade side clearance刀片侧间隙blank半制品、毛坯、坯件、空位、间隔、闸板blanking die冲裁模、冲压模blanking press落料压力机、冲料压力机blank sample坯料试样blast爆炸、冲击浪、鼓风、吹炼、鼓风机、喷砂blast air heater空气预热器blast breakout漏风blast blower鼓风机blast cleaning喷丸清理blind area死区、不灵敏区blind die深冲模blind pass空轧孔型block闭塞、断路、方块部件、块、件、部分、组、工场、工作间、铸锭、板坯、扁坯、拉丝卷筒、拉丝机、砌块、（配电盘的）盘段block diagram方块图、框图。

材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。

Chapter 1alloy 合金atomic-scale architecture 原子尺度结构(构造 brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料concrete 混凝土conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的devitrified 反玻璃化的(晶化的ductility (可延(展性,可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素fiberglass 玻璃钢glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的microcircuitry 微电路microscopic-scale architecture 微观尺度结构(构造 noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polyethylene 聚乙烯polymer 聚合物property 性能(质refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silica 石英、二氧化硅silicate 硅酸盐silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材Chapter 7aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢high-strength low-alloy steel 高强度低合金钢Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值Hooke’s law 胡克定律carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁lead alloy 铅合金Charpy test Charpy试验low-alloy steel 低合金钢cold working 冷作加工lower yield point 屈服点下限copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁primary stage 第一(初期阶段martensitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢secondary stage 第二阶段modulus of elasticity 弹性模量tertiary(final? stage 第三(最后阶段modulus of rigidity 刚性模量dislocation climb 位错攀(爬移nickel alloy 镍合金ductile iron 球墨铸铁nickel-aluminum superalloy 镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittle transition temperature 韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrous alloy 非铁合金ductility (可延(展性,可锻性plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形Poission’s ratio 泊松比engineering strain 工程应变precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation-hardened stainless steel 沉淀(脱溶硬化不锈钢fatigue curve 疲劳曲线rapidly solidified alloy 速凝合金/快速固化合金fatigue strength (endurance limit 疲劳强度(耐久极限 refractory? metal 耐火(高温金属ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度ferrous alloy 铁基合金shear modulus 剪(切模量fracture mechanics 断裂机制shear strain 剪(切应变fracture toughness 断裂韧性shear stress 剪(切应力gage length 标距(长度,计量长度,有效长度solution hardening 固溶强化galvanization 电镀,镀锌steel 钢strain hardening 应变强化white iron 白铁,白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻(锻造、轧制合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢Y oung’s modulus 杨氏模量toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金upper yield point 屈服点上限Chapter 8annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃clay 粘土melting range 熔化(温度范围soda-lime silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color 颜色modulus of rupture 断裂模量softening point 软化点cosine law 余弦定律network former 网络形成体specular reflection 镜面反射creep 蠕变netwrok modifier 网络修饰体/网络外体static fatigue 静态疲劳crystalline ceramic 晶态陶瓷nonoxide ceramic 非氧化物陶瓷structural clay product 粘土类结构制品diffuse reflection 漫反射nonsilicate glass 非硅酸盐玻璃surface gloss 表面光泽E-glass 电子玻璃(E玻璃nonsilicate oxide ceramic 非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷tempered glass 钢化玻璃electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷nuclear ceramic 核用陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率enamel 搪瓷nucleate 成(形核thermal shock 热震Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Opacity 乳浊transformation toughening 相变增韧fracture toughness 断裂韧性optical property 光学性质translucency 半透明Fresnel’s formula Fresnel公式partially stabilized zirconia ??部分稳定氧化锆transparency 透明glass 玻璃polar diagram 极坐标图viscosity 粘度glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery 陶器(制造术viscous deformation 粘性变形glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度pure oxide 纯氧化物vitreous silica 无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze 釉reflectance 反射(率whiteware 白瓷Griffith crack model Griffith裂纹模型refractive index 折射率working range 工作(温度范围intermediate 中间体/中间的Chapter 9Chapter 10admixture 外加剂fiberglass 玻璃钢metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料aggregate 聚集体fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料aggregate composite 聚集体复合材料hardwood 硬质木材polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性hemicellulose 半纤维素portland cement 波特兰水泥cement 水泥interfacial strength 界面结合强度property averaging 性能平均ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料isostrain 等应变radial cell 径向细胞concrete 混凝土isotress 等应力softwood 软质木材continuous fiber 连续纤维isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度discrete (chopped fiber 不连续(短切纤维laminate 层状的strength-to-weight ratio 强度质量比率dispersion-strengthened metal 弥散强化金属lignin 木质素whisker 晶须longitudinal cell 经向(纵向纤维wood 木材woven fabric 纺织构造E-glass 电子玻璃matrix 基质(体philosophy 基本原理cross over 交叉,穿过,跨越restriction 限制(定configuration 构造(形式,结构align 使成一直线(一行elongate 拉长(的/延伸(的aggregate 集料,粒料,骨料chop 切utility 效用,实用,功用in regard for 考虑到cite 引用(证、述,援引,列举,举出(例,提到,谈到embed 埋置,把? 嵌入(或插入dielectric 电介质implication 含意(义epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯polyetheretherketone (PEEK 聚醚酮醚polyphenylene sulfide (PPS 聚苯亚砜entrant 新到者requisite 必需的imitate 仿deciduous 每年落叶的,非永久的commonality 共性,共同特点dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地,直立地longitudinal 经度的,纵向的sap 树液cellulose 纤维素alignment 直线排列phenol-propane 苯酚-丙烷manifest 显示,出现,显露dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明staggering 令人惊愕的igneous 火成的inspection 检查,视察interstice 空隙,裂缝enclose 包围,封闭entrain 混(气泡于混凝土中entrap 截留的,夹杂的thaw 融化(解,解冻identify 认识,鉴定,确定generality 一般(性,一般原则,普遍(性,通则consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调,重点,重要性axially 轴向weighted average 加权平均elementary 基本的reverse 相反的rigorous 严格的,严密的,精确的bound 限度take for granted 被忽略(视communicate 传达,传递deflect 偏转unless otherwise state 除非另外说明appreciation 正确评价,鉴别substantial 多的,大的,大量的offset 弥补,抵消,偏移assembly 装配,组装,总成Chapter 11capacitor 电容器electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对piezoelectric coupling coefficient 压电耦合系数ceramic 陶瓷electronic conduction 电子传导piezoelectric effect 压电效应charge carrier 载流子energy band 能带polymer 聚合物charge density 电荷密度energy band gap 能隙positive charge carrier 正载流子coercive field 矫顽(电场energy level 能级PZT 锆钛酸铅conduction band 导带extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体remanent polarization 剩余极化conductivity 传导率Fermi function 费米函数resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体Fermi level 费米能级resistance 电阻current 电流ferroelectric 铁电性reverse piezoelectric effect逆压电效应dielectric 介电性,介电体free electron 自由电子saturization polarization 饱和极化dielectric constant 介电常数glass 玻璃Seebeck potential 赛贝克(电势dielectric strength 介电强度hysteresis loop (电滞回线semiconductor 半导体domain (电畴insulator 绝缘体spontaneous polarization 自发极化drift velocity 漂移速率intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体superconductor 超导体electric permittivity 电容率,介电常数metal 金属temperature coefficient of resistivity 电阻率温度系数electrical conduction 电导negative charge carrier 负载流子electrical field strength 电场强度Ohm’s law 欧姆定律thermocouple 热(电偶electrically poled 电极化的orbital 轨道transducer 变(转换器/换能器electron 电子paraelectric 顺电性的valence band 价带electron hole 电子空穴Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理voltage 电压commonality (特点等的共有,共同特点,共性in light of 按照,根据manifestation 显示,表明,表现,表现形式,现象give way to 让路(步,退让,让位,屈服spacing 间隔(距abstract 抽象reciprocal 倒数的mobility 迁移率drift 漂移precisely 正好地hypothetical 假(设定的delocalize 使离开原位extension 扩展(充pseudocontinuous 准连续的nature 自然状态conductive to 有助(益的on the order of (数值相当于,大约,数量级为,跟相似的accessibility 能进入(的,可得到(的inability 无能(力attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动wave packet 波包(群irregularity 不规则,无规律reminiscent 回忆往事的,提醒的,暗示的ultimately 最后(终于trace 追溯,上溯ambient 周围的(环境tabulate 把......制成表格,列表finite 有限的empirical 经验的ironically 冷嘲的,具有讽刺意味的,用反语的,挖苦的,令人啼笑皆非的synchronization 同时发生,同步cooperative 配合account for 解释,占多少比例speculation 思索cryogenic 低温学的appreciable 可评估的,可感知的breakdown 崩溃,击穿subsection 细分asymmetrical 不对称的dipole 偶极子polarization 极化crystallographic 晶体的,晶体学的at the expense of 以…..为代价symmetrical 对称的exaggerate 夸张(大extrapolate 推断(知,外推induce 诱导prefix 前缀intriguing 引起? 的兴趣(或好奇心stem from 由…引起的,产生(起源、归因于,出身于constrain 强迫,抑制,约束straightforward 简单,易懂的ensuring 确保,保证pseudo-single crystal 准单晶consolidate 加固,使合成一体transmitter 变送器,发射机oscillation 振动megahertz MHzChapter 12acceptor level 受主能级device 元件impurity 杂质amorphous semiconductor 无定形半导体diode 二极管intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体amplifier 放大器donor level 施主能级microcircuit 微电路Arrhenius behavior Arrhenius行为dopant 掺杂剂n-type semiconductor ??n型半导体base 基极drain 漏极p-n junction? ??p-n结carrier mobility 载流子迁移(率electron hole 电子空穴p-type semiconductor? p型半导体chalcogenide 硫族(属化物emitter 发射极rectifier 整流器charge 电荷energy band gap 能隙reverse bias ?反向偏置charge carrier ??载流子exhaustion range 耗尽区saturation range 饱和区charge density 电荷密度extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体source 源极chip (基片Fermi function 费米函数thermal activation 热激活collector 集电极Fermi level 费米能级III-V compound III-V化合物compound semiconductor 化合物半导体field-effect transistor (FET 场效应晶体管II-VI compound II-VI化合物conduction band 导带forward bias 正向偏置transistor 晶体管conduction electron 传导电子gate 栅极valence band 价带conductivity 传导率Hall effect 霍尔效应clustered 丛生,成群overlap 交迭activation 活化,激活occurrence 发生,出现,事件,发生的事情dominate 支配,占优势semilog 半对数的ambient 周围(环境的phosphorus 磷plateau 平原/平台compensation 补(赔偿intimate 亲密at right angle 成直角sideways 侧(横向in order 整齐,状态良好,适应on the average 平均,按平均数计算,一般地说zinc blende 闪锌矿counterpart 配对物threshold 开始(端,极限photovoltaic 光电nondepletable 耗不尽的silane 硅烷xerography 静电复印术photoconductive 光敏polarization 极化herald 先驱,先兆excess 过量的，额外的，附加的 overshoot 过冲 distort 畸变，使失真 Chapter 13 antiparallel spin pairing 反平行（电子）对 domain (bloch wall 畴壁 flux density 通量（磁力线）密度 eddy current 涡流 garnet 石榴子石 Bohr magneton 玻尔磁子electron spin 电子自旋 hard magnet 硬（永）磁铁（体） ceramic magnet 陶瓷磁铁（体） energy loss 能（量）损（失） hysteresis loop （磁）滞回线 coercive field 矫顽（磁）场 exchange interaction 交互作用 induction 感应（诱导） coercive force 矫顽（磁）力 ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性，（亚）铁磁性 inverse spinel 反尖晶石diamagnetism 抗（反）磁性 ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体 Joule heating 焦耳热 domain structure 畴结构 ferromagnetism 铁磁性 magnetic dipole 磁偶极子 magnetic field 磁场metallic magnet 金属磁体 soft magnet 软（暂时）磁体（铁） magnetic field strength磁场强度 paramagnetism 顺磁性 spinel 尖晶石 magnetic flux line 磁通量（力）线permanent magnet 永（久）磁体 superconducting magnet 超导磁体 magnetic moment 磁矩 permeability 导磁性（率） textured micostructure 织构 magnetism 磁性 preferred orientation 择优取向 transition metal 过渡金属 magnetite 磁铁矿（石） relative permeability 相对（磁）导率 transition metal ion 过渡金属离子 magnetization 磁化remanent induction 剩余感应 YIG 钇铁石榴子石 Magnetoplumbite 磁铅石，磁铁铅矿saturation induction 饱和感应 nomenclature 命名 routinely 常规，惯例 counterpart 对手 modest 小的 reversible 可逆的 traced out 探寻踪（轨）迹 primitive 原始的，早期的，开始的，基本的，简单的 visualize 目测，观察，设想 relativistic 相对论的aligned 排列好的 distinction （差）区别，特性 tetrahedrally 四面体的 octahedrally 八面体的 inventory 清单，目录 cancellation 抵（取）消 traverse 在?? 上来回移动，沿? 来回移动 flunctuate 波动，涨落，起伏，动摇不定 ingot 铸模，铸块，锭 fidelity 保真 Samarium 钐 Alnico 磁钢 simultaneously 同时发生的 product? (乘积 solenoid 螺线管 deflection 偏转 interchangeably 可交（互）换的，可代替的 gem 宝石dodecahedral 十二面体的 waveguide 波导 hexagonal 六方晶系的 strontium 锶fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的 perovskite 钙钛矿 availability 利用（或获得）的可能性levitation 悬浮 6。