英译汉-翻译参考译文
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英译汉:佳译赏析巧选主语成妙译(1)原文】饱经沧桑的20世纪仅剩下几个春秋,人类即将跨入充满希望的21世纪。
【译文】I n a few years’ time, mankind will bid farewell to the 20th c entury, a century full of vic issitudes, and enter into the 21s t c entury, a c entury full of hopes.【赏析】1995年,联合国举办纪念成立50周年庆祝活动,江主席出席并发表演说。
原文是该篇演说的第一句,是地道的汉语。
翻译此句时,一般译者往往会亦步亦趋地将原文译为两个分句,分别以“饱经沧桑的20世纪”和“人类”作主语。
但高明的译者吃透了原文的精神,选择mankind为主语统领全句,以准确而地道的英语译出,确实是一则难得的佳译,值得翻译爱好者认真体会。
英译汉:佳译赏析之“肚里的墨水”(2)【原文】T heir family had more money, more hors es, more slaves than any one els e in the Country, b ut the boys had less grammar than mos t of their poor C racker neighbors.【译文】他们家里的钱比人家多,马比人家多,奴隶比人家多,都要算全区第一,所缺少的只是他哥儿俩肚里的墨水,少得也是首屈一指的。
【赏析】原文选自Gone With the Wind。
译文忠实且流畅,算得上好译文,特别值得一提的是译者对grammar的处理,如果照搬字典自然难于翻译,但译者吃透了原句精神,译为“肚里的墨水”,真是再妥帖不过了。
英译汉:佳译赏析之“思前想后”(3)【原文】A nd in these meditations he fell asleep.【译文】他这么思前想后,就睡着了。
翻译综合练习I. 语篇翻译练习:1. I take heart [鼓起勇气(或信心),振作起来] from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point (战略要地) in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions(边沿地区,外围地区), because of the stiff(强烈的,猛烈地)resistance that gets in the way (阻挡).2. The people were there, and the land—the first dazed (使茫然) and bleeding and hungry, and when, winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels(陋屋)which the bombings had made of their homes; the second a vast wasteland(废墟)of rubble(碎石,碎砖,破瓦).II. 文学文体翻译练习:1.(散文) The Special Joys of Super-slow ReadingI took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid(湿的,湿气重的)evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing(翻来覆去)around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled(停息,停留)into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—super-slow reading.I spent three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheean(维森特·谢安)—savoring(品尝,欣赏)each paragraph, lingering(逗留,徘徊)over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia on a sticky(湿热的)heat wave night. Relishing(欣赏,玩味)every word, I joined foreign correspondent(记者)Sheean on a mission [使命,任务,(此处)专程访问] to China, and another to Russia. I lost myself in the author’s world. And when I put it down, my mind was totally refreshed (使精力恢复,使精神振作).Next morning, four words from the book—“take the long view”—were still in my mind. At my desk, I had a long-view look at my problems. Once more, super-slow reading had given me not only pleasure but perspective (正确观察事物相互关系的能力,眼力), and helped me in my everyday affairs.2.(小诗) Slowly(Mary Coleridge)Heavy is any my heart,Dark are thine eyes.Thou and I must part,Ere the sun rise.Ere the sun rise,Thou and I must part.Dark are thine eyes,Heavy is any my heart.III. 应用文体翻译:1.商业信函翻译:(1)Dear Sirs,We are keen to expand our export to Africa of top-class office furniture, and are looking for suitable agents to represent us. If you are interested in having the Kenya agent for a twelve-month trial period, we should be pleased to send you the draft agreement stating the terms and conditions of the agency.We enclose for your information a copy of our latest catalogue and price list.We are looking forward to your reply at an early date.Yours faithfully(2)Dear Sirs,We have learned from Market Information Paper that you are a well-known supplier of electric heaters in China. It is our desire to deal with you. We are now in the market for 600 sets of electric heaters. We wonder whether you are in a position to meet our requirements. If your answer is in the affirmative,please quote us your best price CIF London, stating the earliest date of shipment, specifications, packing, payment terms, etc. Besides, kindly let us know the commission and discount you will allow. Besides, it is appreciated if you could send us your catalogue.Your early reply will be appreciated.Yours faithfully2. 广告翻译练习(1) Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.(2) Flowers by Inter-flora speak from the heart.(3) Once tasted,always loved.(4) Big thrills. Small bills.(5) Good to the last drop!(NESCAFE)(6)A diamond is forever.(7) We’re not in the computer business. We’re in the results business.(8) A Modern Car for a Modern Driver(9)Apple thinks different(10)Tasting is believing.IV. 新闻文体翻译练习:(标题)1. World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks2. Australia Makes Bid (企图;努力;争取) to Lure (吸引) More Asian Tourists(正文)Leaders of demonstrators accused the government of trying to hinder the teach-in by hastily organizing pop concerts and commandeering the city’s mobile toilets.(teach-in [美](大学师生对政府政策,尤其是外交政策,进行讨论或辩论的)宣讲会/ commandeer [美口] 强占/ accuse somebody of something 指责,谴责(某人)某事)V. 科技文体翻译练习:(专业科技文章)1. Steel is usually made where the iron ore is melted, so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity, taking in raw materials and producing all types of cast iron and steel, both for sending to other works for further treatment, and as finished products such as joists and other consumers。
名篇名译0011.原文:It is an ill wind that blows nobodygood.译文:世事皆利弊并存。
赏析:原句结构比较特殊("Itis…that…"),理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”,也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处,在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中(第68页)还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品,有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误,“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”!初学翻译的朋友,在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文:Their languag e was almostunrestr ainedby any motiveof prudenc e.译文:他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么,全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析:如果硬译,译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译,化其滞,将原句一拆为二,充分运用相关翻译技巧,译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文:Get a livelih ood,and then practis e virtue.译文:先谋生而后修身。
(钱钟书译)赏析:原句是祈使句,译句也传达出了训导的意味。
用“谋生”来译“Getalivelih ood",用“修身”来译“practis e virtue",可谓精当。
巧的是,原句七个词,译句也是七个汉字。
4.原文:I enjoy the clean voluptu ousnes s of the warm breezeon my skin and the cool support of water.译文:我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉,也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。
实训项目一全国商务英语翻译考试(初级笔译)模拟测试一参考译文一、英译汉和汉译英句子1、商标是商品不可分割的一部分,它也是企业的无形资产。
The trade mark is an indivisible/inseparable part of commodity and it is also an intangible/invisible/immaterial assets of enterprises.2.外商在华直接投资主要有合资、合作和独资三种形式。
There are three main forms for direct investments in China by foreign companies including joint venture, cooperation and sole proprietorship.3.他正在办理离职手续,因此无权代表公司签订合同。
He is going through the procedures of resignation and therefore has no right to sign any contract on behalf of the company.4.我公司是东南亚地区最大的高尔夫设置销售代理商之一。
我方对贵公司新开发的技术很感兴趣。
有关我方信誉的任何资料,请向香港的第一商业银行询问。
We are one of the biggest sales agents of Golf appliances in Southeast Region and are interested in your newly-developed techniques. Referring to any information about our reputation, please inquire the First Commercial Bank, Hong Kong.5.我们付高薪,提供往返机票及住处,仅象征性地收取住宿费We will offer excellent salary,and provide the round trip air ticket free of charge and adequate accommodation at a nominal rent.6.If the colors we have ordered are not in stock, we will acceptan alternative provided the designs are those stipulated on theorder.如果我们订购的颜色没有库存,我们会接受替代品,条件是其设计与订单中规定的一致。
2020年翻译资格英语三级笔译实务英译汉真题和部分参考译文英译汉注:真题由两篇文章拼接而成,有部分删减和改动In December2019,there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in China.Investigations found that it was caused by a previously unknown virus–now named the2019Novel Coronavirus.2019年12月,中国出现了多例肺炎病例。
调查发现,该肺炎是由一种未知病毒引起的,现命名为2019年新型冠状病毒。
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses.They consist of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes.This gives it the appearance of a crown.Crown in Latin is called“corona”and that’s how these viruses get their name.There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.冠状病毒分为多种。
病毒内部包含遗传物质,外围有蛋白棘突。
这使其外表类似王冠。
冠在拉丁语中被称为“corona”,因此,病毒命名为“Coronavirus”。
不同类型的冠状病毒都会引起呼吸道症状,有时也会引起胃肠道症状。
It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals.But the animal reservoir of the 2019Novel Coronavirus is not known yet.The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.我们已知冠状病毒会在动物中传播。
篇一:2022汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文)2022年汉译英综合练习1. 她就是这样风里来,雨里去,成年累月地工作着。
This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round.2. 西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。
The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.3. 但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。
But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土,我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。
From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side.5. 袭人道:“一百年还记得呢!比不得你,拿着我的话当耳边风,夜里说了,早起就忘了。
”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!” said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”6. 要制造飞机,就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。
Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made.7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢?Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me?8. 只有在我过于劳累,在我长时间无间断地工作,在我感到内心空虚,需要补充精神营养的时候,我才感到寂寞。
●汉译英暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际的颜色混合在一起,分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。
他们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚的。
如果走近了,你会发现它们洁白的牙齿,以及那丰富而单纯的表情。
●汉译英参考译文At dusk the whole river bend was colored with rosy evening clouds, meeting the glowing horizon in the distance so as to blur the borderline [and thus allowing for nobody to make a distinction] between the drifting clouds and the flowing water.Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep were lowering their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly any of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They were, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Y ellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappeared, and no one knows where he was resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, were joyfully enjoying the dusk. The exuberant water plants had nourished the sheep, making them grow as fat as butter. When approaching nearer, you will see their pearl-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial expressions.●英译汉Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constitutions of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inactions, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster, and richer. Still, 9/11 and avian flu remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge – but desperately in need of wisdom. Now when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed – and I believe even more strongly today – in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.●英译汉参考译文:科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。
Thanksgiving DayIt's Thanksgiving morning, 2007, and before I start wail ing about what isn't right in my life, I think I should give thanks for what is right. First of all, of course, would be my husband, children and their children, without whom life would be empty for me. I often think how sad it would be, to be alone in this world. Then I thought back to the days when my children were finally giving me some long-awaited grandchildren. That, I hoped, guaranteed I'd have little ones around for a lot of years to give me lots of love and hugs. I thought back to my stress-free feelings at that time...Grandchildren have a way of bringing life back into our lives. Mine do - all fifteen of them. In a world of so many lonely people, I feel blessed that my life is filled with happy, energetic progeny; all so different, yet defined by drops of my DNA. I often look at them with utter amazement - that from my genes (okay, maybe a few others) these rarefied beings sprang forth.When our children get married, how we yearn for that first grandchild. How we look with envy (and secretly dislike) our friends who made the Big G before we did. Those mean-spirited grandmothers who whip out strings of pictures as long as a football field; how they drone on and on about their MensaClub-intellect grandchildren, and prattle on about the little cherub's accomplishments, ad nauseam.But, oh, when ours do come along, it's so different. No grandchild has ever been as beautiful at birth, as attentive and wide-eyed; even the birth weight and length become things to crow about. All of a sudden we're sporting a backpack stuffed with pictures in every conceivable pose known to man.But, aside from this constant need to push pictures of our grandchild into our friend's faces, there is something else grandmothers have in common. After interviewing many women on the feelings they experienced at their grandchild's birth, the final consensus was this: we all had an overwhelming emotional pull, but also a feeling of complete stress-free contentment.Did we feel this same emotional pull when our children were born? Well, if we did it was smothered under anxiety and the fear of what to do with this baby when the nurse told us to get up so someone else could occupy the bed.I think I've come up with a reasonable answer for this stress. As young mothers giving birth, we came face to face with this small blob of protoplasm and had no clue where to start. They might as well have put a blindfold over oureyes when they handed us this warm, stuffed blanket and wheeled us toward the hospital exit: "Goodbye. Good Luck!"Unfortunately, babies don't come with How-To books. There's no user's manual with instructions on operating this howling little person. No tag dangling from a tiny pink toe with instructions on care.Now enter the grandmother. Here is this same tiny blob of protoplasm, only now it doesn't fall on grandma's shoulders to see that this child survives, walks, talks, eats, sleeps, matures into a perfect citizen, and is socially acceptable. We leave the hospital after visiting hours full of emotion, full of love, but absolutely free of stress.As the baby grows from infant to toddler, we hold them close to inhale their milky-moist breath, search their faces for any resemblance of our own children, ourselves, our DNA. And it is totally stress-free. We get to love them, cuddle them, spoil them, and then send them home to the responsible party from whence they came.At the end of a visit, how we hate to give up these soft, precious creations of God. We can taste their hello and goodbye kisses long after they've delivered them. How we look forward with such anticipation to see them again. We allow them to do things we never allowed our own children to get away with, which is pointed out to us by our children on a regular basis.And, if this child develops traits not to our liking, well, of course we are duty-bound to tell their parents how we would have handled that in our day.But, alas, children grow. And, we are only humans - albeit older humans. I doubt there's a grandparent who will ever admit to this, but after a weekend of running after the precious little toddlers, tripping over their toys, watching our spotless homes fill with smudges, drips and scuffs, the inimitable words of the late Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. come to mind as the taillights disappear down the street: "Free at last, free at last. . ."Fast-forward a few years, and guess who takes credit for all the grandchildren's accomplishments? Of course - we do. Where else would that child have inherited that porcelain skin, that thick head of hair, that high I.Q.?Fast-forward again. As we age, so do our grandchildren. But our love is unflagging. Now it seems there is scarcely any time for grandma. But we know we can catch a peek at them on a baseball diamond, soccer field, or class play, if only just to crow to the stranger sitting next to us "...that's my grandchild!"Next in this voyage to adulthood comes the dating game. Grandma Who? We might get calls every now and then asking if they can drop by to show us a new prom dress or a tux, their school pictures or report cards. Can we sew up a quickie little item for a school play or dance class? - it won't take long, Grammy. Or, "...ah Grams, got any extra bread?" As I head for the kitchen it dawns on me ... oh, that kind of bread - then I head for my purse.I had an eye-opener on how one of my grandchildren views me: I was attending a ball game where my youngest grandson was playing. At the end of the game he came running up to me oozing sweat and smiles. "Grams, did you see the great throws I made? Did you see my home runs?""I did, honey. You were great. Are you going to keep playing baseball?""Heck yeah," he answered, without hesitation. "When I'm older I'm gonna play Pro ball."I was most impressed. "How wonderful," I said. "You know professional ballplayers make a lot of money. You can take care of Grams in my old age."He thought about that for a second, looked me straight in the eye and replied, "But Grams, you're already old and I'm only eight!"Oh, all right, maybe I'll have to depend on some of my older grandchildren to help me in my dotage. But, I thank God everyday that I have them to depend on - for stress-free love.难忘感恩节那是2007年感恩节早上,在我后悔抽泣生命中出现的错的之前,我认为应该先感恩生命中对的事。
同学们,我们的老师把《新英汉翻译教程》的课堂互动答案不给我们,可谓是用心良苦啊。
这是我好不容易整理的,同学们仅供参考哦,,,,第五章词义的处理T echniques of T ranslating Words and Phrases课堂互动2:翻译下列句子, 注意词性和词义搭配(参考译文)1. Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain.【译文】运动不但能强心、健肺、壮骨、筋肌,而且还能健脑。
2. We shall never see his match.【译文】他那样的人恐怕不会有第二个了。
3. The vote was 35 to 25, a margin of 10.【译文】表决的结果是35票对25票,相差10票。
4. The report is thoroughly sourced.【译文】这项报告的来源很完备。
5. This hotel can’t be matched for friendliness.【译文】这家旅馆服务态度之好无与伦比。
6. She was rather advanced in years for a maiden.【译文】在没有结婚的女孩子中,她年龄算是相当大了。
7. Every one of us poured forth his expertise.【译文】我们每个人都充分发挥了自己的专长。
8. I’ll not abuse your hospitality.【译文】我不会辜负你的热情厚谊。
9. I long for you terribly. The moment we say good-bye and I close the door, my torment begins.【译文】我想你想得要命,我们一分手,关上门,我心里便觉得煎熬。
专四历年翻译题1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically priv ate-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely d etermine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market place for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individu al consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize prof its and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that tog ether determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in re ducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by sel ler-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more con sumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
1. Stories are told of scrupulous writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right.译文:据说一丝不苟的作家,比如福楼拜(Flaubert),为了把一两句句子完全写正确,会花上几天的时间。
2.Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. 译文:选择词语是领悟过程的一部分,是为自己、为读者和听众准确表达思想感情这个过程的一部分。
3.By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly. 译文:通过查阅词典,更重要的是通过阅读,学生可以增强辨别词语意思细微差别的能力,并提高准确表达自己意思的能力。
4.The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words.译文:当得知不计俚语,英语单词总数超过40万个,学习英语的外国学生可能会灰心丧气。
篇章翻译---英译汉We sometimes fall in with person who have seen much of the world, and of the man who, in their day, have played a conspicuous part in it, but who generalized nothing,and have no observation, in the true sense of the world. They abound in information in detail ,curious and entertaining, about men and things, and, having lived under the influence of no very clear or settled principles, religious or political, they speak of every one and everything, only as so many phenomena, which are complete in themselves, and lead to nothing, not discussing any truth, or instructing the hearer, but simple talking. No one would say that these persons, well informed as they are, had attained to any great culture or intellect or to philosophy.译文:我们有时邂逅一些熟悉世故的人,和一些曾经见过许多在其全盛时代,叱咤风云,世界安危所系的有名人物的人,但是他们却不能归纳出一点什么来,也毫无真正的观察力。
韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛 | 译文评析(下) 原创: 中国译协 中国翻译协会 2017-01-10第28届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛参考译文及评析—(下)汉译英汉译英竞赛原文屠呦呦秉持的,不是好事者争论的随着诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼的临近,持续2个月的“屠呦呦热”正在渐入高潮。
当地时间7日下午,屠呦呦在瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院发表题为“青蒿素——中医药给世界的一份礼物”的演讲,详细回顾了青蒿素的发现过程,并援引毛泽东的话称,中医药学“是一个伟大的宝库”。
对中医药而言,无论是自然科学“圣殿”中的这次演讲,还是即将颁发到屠呦呦手中的诺奖,自然都提供了极好的“正名”。
置于世界科学前沿的平台上,中医药学不仅真正被世界“看见”,更能因这种“看见”获得同世界对话的机会。
拨开层层迷雾之后,对话是促成发展的动力。
将迷雾拨开、使对话变成可能,是屠呦呦及其团队的莫大功劳。
但如果像部分舆论那样,将屠呦呦的告白简单视作其对中医的“背书”,乃至将其成就视作中医向西医下的“战书”,这样的心愿固然可嘉,却可能完全背离科学家的本意。
听过屠呦呦的报告,或是对其研究略作了解就知道,青蒿素的发现既来自于中医药“宝库”提供的积淀和灵感,也来自于西医严格的实验方法。
缺了其中任意一项,历史很可能转向截然不同的方向。
换言之,在“诺奖级”平台上促成中西医对话之前,屠呦呦及其团队的成果,正是长期“对话”的成果。
而此前绵延不绝的“中西医”之争,多多少少都游离了对话的本意,而陷于一种单向化的“争短长”。
持中医论者,不屑于西医的“按部就班”;持西医论者,不屑于中医的“随心所欲”。
双方都没有看到,“按部就班”背后本是实证依据,“随心所欲”背后则有文化内涵,两者完全可以兼容互补,何必非得二元对立?屠呦呦在演讲中坦言,“通过抗疟药青蒿素的研究历程,我深深地感到中西医药各有所长,两者有机结合,优势互补,当具有更大的开发潜力和良好的发展前景”。
这既是站在中医药立场上对西方科学界的一次告白,反过来也可理解为西医立场上对中医拥趸们的提醒。
《新英汉翻译教程》第五章词义的处理_参考译文同学们,我们的老师把《新英汉翻译教程》的课堂互动答案不给我们,可谓是用心良苦啊。
这是我好不容易整理的,同学们仅供参考哦,,,,第五章词义的处理Techniques of Translating Words and Phrases课堂互动2:翻译下列句子, 注意词性和词义搭配(参考译文)1. Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. 【译文】运动不但能强心、健肺、壮骨、筋肌,而且还能健脑。
2. We shall never see his match.【译文】他那样的人恐怕不会有第二个了。
3. The vote was 35 to 25, a margin of 10.【译文】表决的结果是35票对25票,相差10票。
4. The report is thoroughly sourced.【译文】这项报告的来源很完备。
5. This hotel can’t be matched for friendliness.【译文】这家旅馆服务态度之好无与伦比。
6. She was rather advanced in years for a maiden. 【译文】在没有结婚的女孩子中,她年龄算是相当大了。
7. Every one of us poured forth his expertise.【译文】我们每个人都充分发挥了自己的专长。
8. I’ll not abuse your hospitality.【译文】我不会辜负你的热情厚谊。
9. I long for you terribly. The moment we say good-bye and I close the door, my torment begins.【译文】我想你想得要命,我们一分手,关上门,我心里便觉得煎熬。
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。
波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州:“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市,它使人觉得自己社在天堂。
”在中国,也流传着这样的话:“上有天堂,下有苏杭。
”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。
西湖一年四季都美不胜收,宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。
在杭州,您可以饱览西湖的秀色,也不妨漫步街头闹市,品尝一下杭州的名菜名点,还可购上几样名特土产。
The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products.2.在设备制造期间,雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验,同时检查其制造进度。
汉英翻译词语意义明确化1.我们搞社会主义才几十年,还处在初级阶段。
We have been building socialism for only a few decades and are still in the primary stage.2.低速度就等于停步,甚至等于后退。
要抓住机会,现在就是还机会。
Slow growth equals stagnation and even retrogression. We must grasp opportunities; the present offers an excellent one.3.看来我们的发展,总是要在某一个阶段,抓住时机,加速搞几年,发现问题及时加以治理,而后继续前进。
It seems to me that, as a rule, at certain stages we should seize the opportunity to accelerate development for a few years, deal with problems as soon as they are recognized, and then move on.词义的褒贬4.人们都在讲南北问题很突出,我看这个问题就是发展问题。
People are saying that the North-South question is very serious. I think it is a question of development.5.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。
Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.6.对凭借行业垄断和某些特殊条件获得个人额外收入的必须纠正。
We must correct the malpractice of individuals obtaining extra incomes by taking advantage of sectoral monopoly and some special privileges.用词的语气轻重7.我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.”我父亲是一名中产阶级黑人。
尽管他出身贫穷,但是他通过勤奋、牺牲(他的口头禅之一)和恪守中产阶级价值观念其主要内容包括:努力工作,注重家庭生活,拥有财产,让孩子接受良好教育(现在他的四个孩子都拥有硕士以上学位),取得了中产阶级社会地位。
并且在我父亲看来,与其说这些是价值观念倒不如说它们是自然法则。
在父亲的价值观认同上,履行这些价值观念的人构成了他积极效仿的正面形象;他批评的反面形象则大部分来自于底层黑人,因为他们在社会中碌碌无为。
Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I canbe free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.无论我自己是否践行这些价值观念,可是我知道我对它们的接受是长期熏陶教育的结果。
Globalization全球化颜林海【标题解读】写作分析:何谓全球化?回答这个问题的过程就是就是人类对客观事物的认识过程,即“定义”的过程,换句话说,“定义”就是界定一种事物的本质(即意义)的说明。
“定义”有许多方式,最常见的有:列举法(illustration),分类法(classification),过程分析法(process analysis),因果法(cause and effect),比对法(comparison and contrast);除了以上方法外,还有特征枚举法(enumerating characteristics),词源法(etymology),类比法(analogy),排除法(exclusion)(M.S. Spangler & R.Werner,1990:131—135)。
从写作或其他媒介的角度,作为一篇文章的标题,作者必然要围绕标题来展开,而要展开这个话题,就必须对该字词加以界定,即定义。
篇体分析:从上下文看,这是一篇由一档电视谈话节目转写而成的书面文档;电视访谈类节目虽然重在访谈,但并非人与人之间的私下闲聊,因此,节目主持人也往往会提前大致拟定一个围绕某一话题而展开的提纲,这就与文章写作大同而小异了。
理解与翻译时,注意访谈中人物对话的转换,还要注意书写文本在断句上与访谈情景有时并不一致,如(25)句。
翻译分析:在翻译之前,译者也应对标题中涉及到的概念加以认识和理解。
译者在分析某一核心字词时必须注意该字词的音形义的分析。
此篇文章中globalization与音没有多大关系,主要分析该字词的“形”和“义”。
而字“形”的分析涉及到该词的词源和构词方式。
词源分析:Globalization一词逆推词源关系如下:globalization。
构词分析:globalization不过是globalize的名词拼写形式,核心意义在globalize;而此词的构形属于英语中“形容词+动词后缀ize”构词法,其表达的意义为“使...‘形容词’化”或“使...变成‘形容词’”。
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说,也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度;我算不出它出产谷物的价值;我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣,它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象,就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的,但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽,但很少有不戴帽子的男人;还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人,但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适,这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是,似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心,或是在为返城车票而烦恼,莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨,不是夜莺的歌声,而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全,却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音,真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉,这样持续不断的喧嚣,最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽,那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹;虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西,但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方,他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点,便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走,这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人,发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重,他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动,是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许,值得指出的是,被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达,它们在我国已经消失,却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”(“我猜”)纯粹是一种美国式表达,但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》)中就用过这种说法,就像我们现在使用“I think”(“我想”)一样。
☐(淡瀛洲译,略有修订)☐练习2 英国人的性格☐英国人有这样的名声,那就是:作为一个民族,他们不同于所有其他民族,包括他们的紧邻法国人、比利时人和荷兰人。
据说这和居住岛屿、与欧洲大陆隔离很有关系。
但不管是什么原因,完全可以这样说:英国人已养成许多不同于其他民族的态度和习惯。
☐大体说来,英国人是好静的、腼腆的,生性矜持的,只有在熟人当中,才感到无拘无束。
在陌生人或外国人面前,他们就常常显得拘谨,甚至局促不安。
这一点,你哪天早晨或傍晚去看一下市郊往返列车车厢里的情况就可以了解了。
面色严肃的商人和妇女坐在那儿,或是看报,或是靠在角落里打盹,没有人讲话。
说实在的,讲话反会显得很特别。
一位爱逗笑的英国人有一次装着样子给外国旅游者提忠告说:“进入车箱后,要和所有的旅客握手。
”不用说,这是开玩笑。
社会上存在着一种不成文但却是人们心照不宣的行为准则。
如果有人破坏这种准则,他就立即成为猜疑的对象。
☐尽人皆知,英国人念念不忘他们的天气,一有机会,就谈个没完。
有人解释说,这是因为英国的天气经常难以预报,所以就成为人人感兴趣、人人都在推测的话题。
情况可能就是这样。
英国人确实不敢太信任气象专家——天气预报员。
他们预报第二天晴朗,但结果却往往不是那么一回事:越过大西洋上空的一阵高气压会给英国全境带来雨天。
一般人对天气的预测看来和气象员一样准确,否则就一样地不准确。
这就有助于说明这样一个似乎是很离奇的现象:在一个阳光灿烂的夏日早晨,一个英国人离开家门时,胳臂上却搭着一件雨衣,手中提着一把雨伞。
因为天气是那样变幻无常,说不定到吃午吃饭时就会大雨倾盆。
☐在一天当中,英国人之间如此频繁地提到天气问题,自然让外国旅游者感到惊讶。
英国人见面时,常以谈论天气代替通常的问候。
人们很可能听到他们说:“今天天气可不错呀!” “是啊,好极了!” ,而不说“ 您早!您好吗?” 。
虽然外国人可能认为这未免有点夸张,有点可笑,但值得指出的是,如能加以利用,那会对他们自己很有好处。
如果他想和某个英国人(无论是男的或是女的)交谈,又不知从何谈起,他就蛮可以先谈谈天气。
这个话题万无一失,即使是最沉默的英国人也会搭腔。
☐在世界许多地区,公开地表示极度的热忱、情感、激情等,并且往往伴随着相应的手势,这是很普通的现象。
但英国人却有些不同。
当然,英国人和其他民族一样,并不缺乏丰富的感情,不过,他们往往极少外露,这反映在他们对语言的使用上。
就以一个男人评论一个姑娘的天生丽质来说吧。
一个易动感情的人可能会这样描述她:“真是块精制宝石”,“貌似天仙”,“长得俊极了”,而英国人会平淡地说:“唔,她长得还可以。
”☐英国人看了一部非常成功、令人快乐的电影后,会向朋友这样推荐:“这部片子不坏”,或者看到一片绝妙的景色时,他可能这样表达自己的快感:“好,是的,很好。
”外国旅游者千万不要由于这种表面上看来缺乏兴趣和兴致的态度而感到扫兴。
他必须认识到,“还可以”、“不坏”、“很好”是经常用来表示最高级的意思,相当于“一流的”、“好极了”。
这种语言的特殊用法叫做“克制陈述法”,在英语中特别流行。
☐(田滨译,略有修订)练习3☐中国人和英国人有两点相似之处,喜欢妥协、尊重舆论。
即使有矛盾冲突,也很难发展到短兵相见的地步。
他们对待清朝末代皇帝就是一个例子。
当西方国家改制为共和之后,被废黜的君主往往是要掉脑袋的,至少也要流放国外。
但中国人则为皇帝保留了皇帝的称号、华丽的宫殿、侍侯他的太监,以及每年几百万的年饷。
他不过是一个16岁的少年,却能安居于紫禁城中。
有一次内乱,还给他恢复了几天名义上的皇权,虽然不久又被废黜了,却没有因此而受到惩罚。
与其把中国视为一个政治实体,还不如把它视为文明实体——唯一从古代留存至今的文明。
从孔子时代以来,古埃及、巴比伦、波斯、马其顿以及罗马帝国都先后灭亡,只有中国通过不断进化,依然生存。
虽然也受到诸如昔日的佛教、现在的科学的外来影响。
但佛教并使中国人变成印度人;西方科学也没有使中国人改变成欧洲人。
我曾经遇到过有些中国人,他们对西方知识的学问,不亚于我们的教授。
但他们并没有因此而失去平衡,也没有失去与自己人民的联系。
西方有的糟粕——暴力、骚乱,欺压弱小,沉迷物质追求,他们也视其为糟粕,而不予接纳。
相反,对于西方的精华,尤其是科学,他们则渴望学习。
Drills 3.1(1) crowd: 人群;mob: (常贬) 成群的暴徒(2)praise: 称赞,赞扬,表扬,赞美,崇拜;boast:(贬)夸口,自夸,吹嘘,自吹自擂;(非贬)自豪,夸耀(3)steadfast:(褒义)不动摇的,坚定不移的,忠实的,固定不动的;固定不变的;obstinate:顽固的,固执的;倔强的;顽强的,不屈服的,不让步的。
(4)deep dealings:不正当的交易;a deep scholar: 造诣深的学者(5)childlike: (常褒) 孩子般的,单纯的,天真无邪的;childish:(贬)幼稚的,傻气的,不成熟的。
(6)statesman: (通常褒义)政治家;politician: (贬义) 政客,善于玩弄权术者;(中性)政治家。
(7)peasant:无教养的人,粗野的人,乡下人,土包子,大老粗;(现尤其用于指发展国家或从前的)农民,农夫,小农,雇农.农民: (无贬义)在农村从事农业生产的劳动者。
(8)宣传:(无贬义)对群众说明讲解,使群众相信并跟随着行动。
Compromise: (中性,无消极意义)settling an argument or difference of opinion by each side agreeing to some of the demands of the other: 通过解决争执或分歧,互让了结,妥协,折中,和解。
妥协:(有时有消极意义)用让步的方法避免冲突或争执,如:“妥协投降”,“原则问题上不能妥协”等。
Dragon: an imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire; fierce person, esp. a woman龙:中国古代传说中的神异动物,身体长,有鳞,有角,有脚,能走,能飞,能游泳,能兴云降雨;封建时代用龙作为帝王的象征,也把龙字用在帝王使用的东西上;比喻有褒义,如:“望子成龙”,“龙马精神”,“龙腾虎跃”,“龙的传人”等。
Goat:( (比喻贬义) a man who is very active sexually, 色鬼,色狼,淫荡的人,好色之徒山羊:无贬褒意。
West wind:英国人对西风有好感,如英国著名诗人雪莱的名诗《西风颂》。
西风:(比喻贬义)日趋没落的腐朽势力,如李白的“西风残照”,毛泽东的“东风压倒西风”。
(3)1. ①英雄的事迹是极为动人的。
②他捏造年龄。
③那张脸成这个模样,背后必有文章。
④真相大白。
/水落石出。
⑤弥天大谎!我只字不信。
2. ①他是个固执的孩子,不会听他母亲的话。
②防御者顽强抵抗。
3. ①他们找到了爬山者的山间庇护所。
②持不同政见者在国外寻求政治避难。
4. 他是个极爱读书的人。
(书呆子/书蛀虫)5. 宪法规定的一切权利都授予了一个独夫。
Drills 3.24. ①它既不园,也不方。
(形容词)②车轮飞快地旋转。
(副词)③夜间门卫每小时巡回一周。
(名词)④地球绕太阳运转。
(介词)⑤这船绕过好望角。
(动词)⑥这次谈话发展成为一项计划。
(动词)5. 我用熨斗熨衣服。
6. 用这把发梳梳头吧。
7. 用白纸裱糊这些墙壁。
8. 你们必须用一艘大船运送这批货物。
9. 我点了灯,但灯光微弱。
10. 一瞬间,我有看见了一张图画。
11. 我看见他在锯木场用一把锯子在锯东西。
12. 愿望为思想之父。
13. “这么多苹果,你们要怎么办?”“我们尽量吃,吃不完就拿来着罐头。
”Drills 3.31.我愿意尽力来帮助你。
2.这种新型显像管的分辨率为800行。
3.从根本上说,一切权利属于人民。
4.枪杆子里面出政权。
5.中国有一点核武器,但中国绝不参加所谓核大国俱乐部。
6.陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。
7.晶体管能以极快的速度和极小的功率由关的状态转到开的状态。
8.通讯设施的电源分系统应在电压与负荷受控制的情况下供电。
Drills 3.43. heavy (adj.)A heavy rain 大雨heavy casualties 重大伤亡A heavy load 重负 a heavy sea 迫逃汹涌的海面A heavy crop 丰收 a heavy buyer大主顾Heavy news 令人忧虑的消息 a heavy demand 苛求A heavy note 大量的得票heavy sorrow 折磨人的悲哀A heavy schedule 拍得很紧的日程表 a heavy thinker 思想深沉的人Heavy advertising 大登广告 a heavy politician 显要的政治家A heavy play 严肃的剧This book is heavy reading. 这本书读起来枯燥乏味。