2013年苏州大学翻译硕士状元笔记

上海大学考研2013年翻硕翻译、百科真题回忆版分享第一部分：翻译术语5个1、文化软实力cultural soft power2、文化自觉cultural consciousness3、贴近群众、贴近生活、贴近实际4、《食品安全法》food safety law.5、《反不当竞争法》anti-unfair competition law二、问答what do you think of the statement that defferent styles of texts call for defferent approaches to translate?对于不同风格的文体要采取不同的翻译技巧，你如何认为？我自己写了翻译的过程是什么，understanding ，expressing，checking，然后说明在翻译过程中对于文体的确定是很重要的。

因为必须首先确定文体，然后才可以选择适当的单词，句子，等等然后较为详细的列举了legal translation 和civil engineering translation需要注意的问题.然后又说了literature translation 和business translation 等等需要不同的译法和风格。

三、翻译汉译英：讲的是人力资源服务业和十八大之间的种种关系。

讲到了服务业的作用，以及十八大、十二五规划对人力资源的促进作用。

里面很多术语，不过都很简单的。

此篇文章术语政治经济类的，比较简单。

英译汉：讲的是一个回忆圣诞节最开心的事情。

就是mysterious codes. 就是在圣诞节父母在树上树顶端挂了一个东西，里面装有一些提示词，在stanza里找出几个字母。

这篇文章应该是朱老师《达芬奇密码》里面的一篇文章。

因为里面原原本本出现了《达芬奇密码》所以考试多看看朱老师翻译的文章有好处。

文章除了几个单词之外，全文不是很难。

很好翻译的。

时间也是比较充足的，本来我还以为翻不完。

苏州大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案苏州大学（回忆）翻译硕士英语一、短语翻译（才思教育注：英译汉汉译英各15个，涉及政治经济文化等。

）政协，鱼米之乡，兵马俑，中小企业，花旗银行，中国工商银行，国际货币基金组织等二、段落翻译一段英译汉，是一篇散文，涉及到一个文学常识就是梭罗及瓦尔登湖这两个名字的翻译。

一段是汉译英，介绍墨子，中间掺杂了几句古文，有点难度。

英语翻译基础一、单选30个基本就是考察词汇。

2010年的试题不是太难，掌握好四级词汇以及部分八级词汇就足以应付。

二、阅读理解有选择题，有简答题，有的题目稍微有点难度。

三、作文400字。

10年考的是季羡林与钱学森老先生留给我们的精神遗产。

汉语写作与百科知识一、选择题1欧享利擅长写哪类小说2唐宋八大家包括3莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括4世界十大文豪包括5对世界影响最大的十部书有6《文心雕龙》是一部什么书7《绞刑下的报告》作者是哪国人8古希腊索福克勒斯的代表作有9季羡林最著名的译作是10冰心曾经翻译过11《西行漫记》的作者是12尤金奈达提出过什么理论13《忏悔录》是什么性质的书？自传，哲学，宗教，社会？14傅雷的代表译作有15曹靖华的译作有16《战争与和平》描写的是哪次战事期间的事171954年文化部长茅盾作了题为什么的报告18福楼拜的代表作是19美国诗人庞德曾经翻译过？红楼，易经，水浒，诗经？20谁创作了《杜兰朵----中国的公主》21《天演论》原作者是22伍光健的代表译作是23《黑奴吁天录》是谁翻译的24《女神》是谁的代表作25《海底两万里》的作者是哪国人二、有两篇，应用文（40分）今年考的是工作总结，只要把每一种应用文的格式、固定用语记清楚就好了。

大作文有议论文，散文等类型，今年考的是议论文“奥巴马访华意味着什么”。

不要忽略了人家的那句要求“文笔优美”，其实议论文也可以做到文笔优美的…。

燕山大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}单项选择题{{/B}}(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.2012年7月1日就任香港特别行政区行政长官的是______。

∙ A.董建华∙ B.何厚铧∙ C.梁振英∙ D.崔世安（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 2012年3月29日，时任国务院总理的温家宝主持召开国务院第七次全体会议，决定任命梁振英为香港特别行政区第四任行政长官，于2012年7月1日就职。

2.白居易笔下名句“嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘”描写的是______。

∙ A.扬琴∙ B.琵琶∙ C.箜篌∙ D.筝（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 诗句“嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘”出自唐朝诗人白居易的《琵琶行》，这两句诗描写的是琵琶弹奏的场景。

3.中国最大的草原是______。

∙ A.新疆伊犁草原∙ B.内蒙古锡林郭勒草原∙ C.内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原∙ D.西藏那曲草原（分数：2.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 中国最大的草原是位于内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟的呼伦贝尔大草原。

其总面积约10万平方千米，天然草场面积占80%，是世界著名的三大草原之一。

4.中国四大古典名著是______。

∙ A.《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》∙ B.《三国演义》《金瓶梅》《西游记》《红楼梦》∙ C.《三国志》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》∙ D.《三国志》《水浒传》《儒林外史》《红楼梦》（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 中国四大古典名著主要是指中国四大古典小说，即《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》。

5.儒家所提倡的“四书”包括______。

∙ A.《诗经》∙ B.《尚书》∙ C.《礼记》∙ D.《论语》（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 儒家提倡的“四书”指的是《论语》《孟子》《大学》和《中庸》四部儒家经典。

2011-2012苏州大学翻译硕士真题2011年苏州大学翻译硕士15个汉译英1.亚运圣火采集仪式The Asian Games flame lighting ceremony2.美国中期选举US midterm congressional election3.价格报复性增长the retaliatory increase of the price t4.从众思想: group psychology crowd mental state5.第三产业tertiary industry6.伤痕文学the Hurt Generation7.试管婴test-tube baby儿8.适度从紧的货币政策 Moderately tight currency policy 9.绿色国民生产总值green GDP10.孝filial piety 11.无证经营run business without license12.房奴mortgage slave13.贸易逆差trade deficit14.操纵货币国Currency manipulator 15.人间天堂an earthly paradise1. monopoly benefit垄断利润2,reserve ratio准备金金率3. foreign capital inflow外资回笼4,Mattew effect马太效应5.most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇6.Morgan Stanley摩根士丹利7.Zeigeitist时代精神8.humanitarian crisis人道主义危机9.IMF国际货币基金组织10.transparency international透明国际11.check and balance制衡作用12.customs inspection海关检查13.food mile食物里程14.jungle law 丛林法则1 欧享利擅长写哪类小说2唐宋八大家包括3莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括4 世界十大文豪包括5对世界影响最大的十部书有6 《文心雕龙》是一部什么书文学鉴赏7 《绞刑下的报告》作者是哪国人捷克8古希腊索福克勒斯的代表作有古希腊悲剧喜剧集9 季羡林最著名的译作是《摩诃衍那》10冰心曾经翻译过《泰戈尔选集.诗集》11《西行漫记》的作者是斯托12尤金奈达提出过什么理论功能对等13《忏悔录》是什么性质的书？自传14傅雷的代表译作有巴尔扎克全集15曹靖华的译作有铁流16《战争与和平》描写的是哪次战事期间的事1812年俄法战争17 1954年文化部长茅盾作了题为什么的报告《良好的开端》18福楼拜的代表作包法利夫人19美国诗人庞德曾经翻译过？诗经20谁创作了《杜兰朵----中国的公主》普契尼21《天演论》原作者是英国生物学家赫胥黎22伍光健的代表译作是侠隐记23《黑奴吁天录》是谁翻译的林纾24《女神》是谁的代表作郭沫若25《海底两万里》的作者是哪国人法国著名作家儒勒·凡尔纳2012年苏州大学翻译硕士翻译基础中英各15个：C-E:食品安全Food Security，插花（艺术）. flower-arranging，知识产权保护intellectual property rights protection，主权债务危机Sovereign debt crisis，草根文化grassroots literature，贸易顺差 trade surplus，“抑郁”的一代blue generation，中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China，国家新闻出版总署General Administration of Press and Publication General Administration...，人民币升值: appreciation of RMB，打击盗版活动No Piracy，网络上瘾 Internet addiction ，裸官naked official，滥用职权misuse of authority，产业升级upgrade industriesE-C：Central Ballet Troupe中央巴黎舞团, blue and white porcelain青花瓷,FIFA国际足球联盟,ASEAN东盟,currency manipulator货币操纵国,buggee jumping蹦极,illegal pyramid selling非法传销,surrealism超现实主义,sample survey抽样调查,multi-polar world世界多极化,myth of China's peaceful rise中国崛起的奥秘,anti-dumping investigation反倾销调查,costume drama古装剧,core competiveness核心竞争力, intellectual property infringement侵害知识产权百科知识与汉语写作1.梅益翻译的最重要的作品（《钢铁是怎样炼成的》）2.巴金家的主题（答案：一个家族的命运）3.高植和誰一起翻译的战争与和平（郭沫若）4.静静的顿河描写的哪里的人的生活（哥萨克人，不确定）5.赵景深为何退出译坛？（答案：转兴趣于古典文学）6.我是猫是誰的作品（夏目漱石）7.翻译界的三把板斧是誰？（成仿吾）8.亚洲四小龙（香港，新加坡，台湾，韩国）9.詹.库柏主要描写誰的生活（边民）10.两伊战争导火索（领土问题）11.揭发黑幕运动的第一部作品（屠场）12.美国文坛双雄马克吐温和谁？（海明威）13.《变形记》的作者卡夫卡哪国人? (奥地利）14.毛岸英与人合译过哪本书？（法德农民问题，不确定）15.赵州桥建于哪个朝代（隋朝）16.官场现形记誰写的（李宝嘉）17.泰戈尔最著名的诗集（飞鸟集&《吉檀迦利》，争议中）18.米芾干嘛的（书法家）19.世界最古老的百科全书（永乐大典，不确定）20.源氏物语描写什么（讲女人宫斗的）21.文洁若翻译观？直译和意译相结合22.李劼人的作品《死水微澜》23.娜拉的出走誰的作品（易卜生）24.俄法战争的胜利誰功不可没（列夫托尔斯泰）25表现翻译法构成翻译法誰提出的？（成仿吾）应用文写一份慰问信：大致意思是快过年了，每年外语学院的领导都会亲自上门，亲切慰问退休老教师，除了送给他们一些慰问品之外，还要送一封慰问信。

2015年北京第二外国语翻译硕士考研真题状元笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京电影学院艺术硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考研真题及经验，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

翻译硕士英语第一题是30个选择题，25个词汇题，词汇不难，有conspicious, patent, ，是专四水平，后5个是时态的一个题有三四个空吧，什么was， were， had， has 等等，反正当时看着特别混乱，大家还是打好基础吧第二题是阅读，前两个是选择，后两个是回答问题的，感觉后两个阅读有点难具体内容：有一个选allegiance 的意思，只记得其中一个是说 voilence, 最后一个是说美国的药品价格很高，民众抗议第三题是作文要求400字 human spend a major part of their adult life at work , how to get job satisfaction. What are the factors of job satisfaction. 大概是这个意思翻译基础第一题词汇翻译其实不难，还有去年原题教育部知识产权全球定位系统宪法修正案反倾销措施全国人民代表大会north american free trade zone 、IMF 、 non-proforming loan 、 Grant Contract of Land Ues Rights 、 forest coverage 、英译汉弹性休假制度世界文化遗产（13年原题）中国科学院（13年原题）新闻发布会（12年原题）扩大内需（12年原题）General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade（12年原题）amendement to the constitution（12年原题，今年考的是汉译英“宪法修正案”）anti-dumping measures（12年原题，今年考汉译英“反倾销措施”）government procurement（12年原题，今年考汉译英“ZF采购”）Intellectual Property Right （12年原题，今年考汉译英“知识产权”）enjoy present hardships to revive 卧薪尝胆第二题英译汉关键词 UK media outlets，the royal baby（考完试找到了出处）Media outlets in the UK went berserk over the arrival of the royal baby. Reporters camped for days outside the hospital where the Duchess of Cambridge stayed; TV presenters spent prime time slots speculating on the baby’s name or when it would ascend the throne; tabloid newspaper The Sun even changed its masthead to “The Son”on the day the royal birth was announced.不久前，英国各大媒体为王室宝宝的到来而狂热不已。

2013山东大学MTI专业课真题回忆版2013年山东大学翻译硕士真题回忆一.翻译硕士英语。

1. 单选20道，没考改错。

语法的就两三个，考了倒装，虚拟语气。

词汇考的很多，看专八单词确实很有用，复习的时候要注意近义词的辨析。

单词有induce, illicit, come off ,get off, go off, commemorate,其他的记不起来了。

2. 阅读，两篇选择的，一共10个题目，每个2分。

第一篇讲了environment can always condition technology，第二篇讲了一种限制高速公路上车速的新方法。

题目比较简单，阅读篇幅也不长。

后两篇是问答形式，一共五个问题，每个4分。

第一篇讲的是关于心里压力的，第二篇讲的是public opinion 的。

答案在原文中都能找到。

3. 作文，题目是现在大学了越来越多的学生追捧practical subjects such as computer programming. 而theoretical subjects such as philosophy and math 则不受青睐，有人就认为应该把theoretical subjects废除。

对此你如何看待，写一篇不少于400字的作文。

二.翻译基础1. 词语互译。

SOI APEC INTERPOL, morbidity rate, European Commission, China Meteorological Administration, International Maritime Organization. Capitol Hill, dialectics, 八旗制度，三个代表思想，环境论，鸦片战争，信息化战争，失业保险，问题戏剧。

2. 英译汉。

讲了our strength can go out of our weakness, 比较偏文学性，生词好几个，意思大家都能翻译出来，但是想要出彩不容易。

2013年南开大学翻译硕士考研汉语写作与百科知识真题及答案解析一、名词解释（25*2'=50分）帕特农神庙哥特式建筑科隆大教堂抒情诗史诗不着一字，尽得风流不涉理路《社会契约论》卢梭杜子美韩退之颜鲁公热钱汇率昆曲京剧瓦良格号施琅“一笔书”王羲之林语堂朱生豪人民币升值贸易顺差三驾马车二、应用文写作（40分）商业信函专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧，虽然每个考生的专业不同，但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。

以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。

一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说，由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备，相对会比较容易进入状态。

但是，这类考生最容易产生轻敌的心理，因此也需要对该学科能有一个清楚的认识，做到知己知彼。

跨专业考研或者对考研所考科目较为陌生的同学，则应该快速建立起对这一学科的认知构架，第一轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层面与整体构成，这对接下来具体而丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层面的知识具有全局和方向性的意义。

做到这一点的好处是节约时间，尽快进入一个陌生领域并找到状态。

很多初入陌生学科的同学会经常把注意力放在细枝末节上，往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核心，同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。

其实考研不一定要天天都埋头苦干或者从早到晚一直看书，关键的是复习效率。

要在持之以恒的基础上有张有弛。

具体复习时间则因人而异。

一般来说，考生应该做到平均一周有一天的放松时间。

四门课中，专业课（数学也属于专业课）占了300分，是考生考入名校的关键，这300分最能拉开层次。

例如，专业课考试中，分值最低的一道名词解释一般也有4分或者更多，而其他专业课大题更是动辄十几分，甚至几十分，所以在时间分配上自然也应该适当地向专业课倾斜。

根据我们的经验，专业课的复习应该以四轮复习为最佳，所以考生在备考的时候有必要结合下面的内容合理地安排自己的时间：第一轮复习：每年的2月—8月底这段时间是整个专业复习的黄金时间，因为在复习过程遇到不懂的难题可以尽早地寻求帮助得到解决。

2013年上海大学翻硕MTI英语翻译基础完整回忆版第一题：汉译英5个词每个词4分共20分文化软实力（cultural soft power）文化自觉（cultural awareness或cultural self-conscious或cultural consciousness）贴近实际，贴近生活，贴近群众（这是18大报告的内容close to reality，close to life， close to the masses）食品安全法（Food Safety Law）反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law第二题：大概是Why different types of text call for different methods to translating？共10分第三题汉译英共60分（一篇叫做《中国人力资源服务白皮书2012》的节选，但是百度找不到。

下面的是其中一部分，仅供参考）我国国民经济和社会发展正式迈入“十二五”开局之年，转变经济增长方式、实现科学发展成为全国人民的共识。

在“十二五”规划纲要中，我国明确地提出要把加快现代服务业的发展作为经济结构战略性调整的主攻方向，为人力资源服务业提供了广阔的市场空间和坚实的政策保障。

第四题英译汉共60分（一反常态的，好长好长的，一篇文章）Every family has its own holiday traditions. In the Brown household, Christmas was always a time of delicious food,sing-alongs, colorful gifts, and mysterious codes.Yes, codes.When I was a kid, no Christmas morning was complete without the annual treasure hunt. When the last present under the Christmas tree had been opened, my siblings and I knew that there still remained one "big" present hidden somewhere in the house for us to find. Our only hope of locating it was a cryptic clue that traditionally resided in a lone envelope perched high on the tree, out of our reach.One year the envelope contained a particularly mind-boggling treasure hunt that my brother, sister and I still recall as The "TOCEP" Christmas Mystery. (In fact, this treasure hunt directly inspired the scene on page 111 of The Da Vinci Code.) That was the year we had a foreign exchange student living with us. Bea was South African and understandably was somewhat overwhelmed by the frenzied anticipation that led up to an American Christmas. Nonetheless, she embraced the decorating, singing, and cooking with a zeal that made the holidays doubly special for us that year. So it was with great happiness, on Christmas morning, after all the presents were opened, that my parents handed Bea the mysterious envelope and explained to her the Brown tradition of a Christmas Quest.Looking amazed that such a tradition could exist, Bea excitedly opened the envelope. The poem inside announced that this year's quest involved locating five letters of the alphabet, which had been hidden around the house. According to the poem’s final stanza, the first letter we needed to find was "T."You seek a letter in a nook(It's very hard to see).But of the places you might look,There’s just one spot for "T."Only one spot for T?My little brother Greg was the first to figure it out. He leapt up and dashed into the kitchen. We all ran after him as he retrieved a stool, dragged it into the breakfast nook, climbed up onto the counter, and grabbed the canister in which my mother kept her tea bags. Sure enough, inside was a note card emblazoned with the letter "T."Brilliant!Along with the letter "T" we found another clue, which ingeniously guided us down to the basement where we found the letter "O" taped to an O-shaped Hoola Hoop.Again, fiendishly clever!From there more clues led us all over the house. In the kitchenwe found the letter "C" stuffed in a Vitamin C container. In the mud-room, the letter "E" was hidden inside my Exeter baseball cap (bearing that same letter).By then, we had located four letters (T-O-C-E), and still we felt no closer to understanding our mysterious prize. We hoped the fifth and final letter would make it all come clear. The final clue, however, was baffling.The final letter in your quest,Is simple as can be.It's hidden in a special roomQuite natural for a "P."A special room quite natural for a P?I looked in the pantry around the canned peas. Nothing.My little brother checked his bedroom for his Phillies cap. Nothing.A natural place for "P"?It was Beatrice, our exchange student (having learned a good amount of American slang), who suddenly gasped, jumped to her feet, and dashed up the stairs. For a moment, my siblings and I thought she was ill... but then we heard her shriek with joy. We raced upstairs to find Bea in the bathroom, laughing hysterically and pointing into the toilet. We peered inside,and there, to our enormous delight, we found the letter "P" taped inside the toilet bowl."P" in the toilet!The joke left all four of us kids rolling on the floor in hysterics. Surely my parents had to be the two funniest people alive. Finally, when we all could breathe again, we hurried back to the living room to decipher the meaning of these five mysterious lettersT-O-C-E-P?We spread the letters out on the living room floor and stared at them.T...O...C...E...P?They meant nothing to us.It was my younger sister Valerie who saw it first. She drew a startled breath and spun to my parents in disbelief. "No!" she exclaimed. "Really?"My parents were beaming. "Really. We leave tomorrow morning." The rest of us kids watched in rapt animation as little Valerie victoriously rearranged the five letters TOCEP.... to spell one magical word: EPCOT. Instantly, all four kids were dancing around the room, whooping for joy, chanting "Epcot! Epcot!" Even our exchange student Bea had heard of Walt Disney World'sEpcot Center, and she joined in the dance. It was a dream come true. The very next morning, we all boarded a plane for Epcot. It was the best Christmas ever.附上答案一枚每个家庭都有自己的过节传统，我们布朗家也是如此。

育明教育官网 北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！第二课 提取关键信息1（时政类新闻报道文章）一、导语在第一课的介绍中,我们已经知道,本教材把笔译过程分解为“提取关键信息——其他信息补充——从逻辑关系完善译文”三大步骤，其中“提取关键信息”和“其他信息补充”这两个步骤的学习在本册教材，“从逻辑关系完善译文”的训练在下一册教材中进行。

从本课开始,我们将用四课来学习如何提取关键信息并进行翻译。

这课,我们选用时事政治类文章为练习对象。

本课的学习目标是让学习者了解如何提取关键信息，并在翻译时如何按照若干步骤进行操作。

即学习怎样从原语文章中提取“关键信息”，并对其进行翻译处理。

虽然我们在本教材中把翻译工作分成三个大步骤有重点地来进行学习和训练，但是，具体到每篇译文处理时，全都采用了以下4个步骤进行操练，即：⑴分句提取信息⑵关键词语对译⑶按照语法成句⑷按照逻辑修改。

（一）新闻报道类文章的特点和教学目的新闻报道包括多种形式。

从体裁上大致可以分为通讯、评论、特写、公报等；从内容上分类又有时政、社会、经济、体育、文化、娱乐等诸多不同。

我们这里要解决的不是如何进行新闻写作的问题，教学目的也不是要把学生培养成新闻记者。

翻译教学目的是如何根据新闻报道类文章的特点，将其翻译成日语文本。

所以，我们选择较为常见的消息类文章为重点，练习新闻报道翻译时的特点与技巧。

翻译新闻报道类的文章，首先需要了解它的特点。

众所周知，新闻报道具有真实性、及时性和简明性的特点。

另外，在文字表达方面由于新闻报道面向的是整个社会和各个层次的受众，所以措辞要求通俗易懂，只在涉及专业领域时才出现若干术语，而且，句子要求简短清楚，避免使用过长的修饰语句或过于复杂的句式。

暨南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Word Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.EU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧盟(European Union)2.WPC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3.OPEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)CG（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6.FTA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：自由贸易区(Free Trade Area)7.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)8.America"s "Return to the Asian-Pacific"（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国重返亚太地区9.Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：东南亚国家联盟10.International Atomic Energy Agency（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际原子能组织11.currency manipulator（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：货币操纵国12.International Translation Day（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际翻译日13.National Missile Defense（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国家导弹防御系统14.power abuse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：滥用职权-Japan Security Treaty（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：《美日安全保障条约》三、Section B: Chinese to English(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.国务院侨务办公室（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council17.国家文物局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration of Cultural Heritage18.国家烟草专卖局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19.国家宗教事务局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration for Religious Affairs20.西方七国首脑会议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：G7 Summit21.岗位培训（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：on-the-job training22.海洋资源（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marine resources23.民生（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：people"s livelihood24.差额选举（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：a marginal election25.建立市场导向的就业机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：establish a market-oriented employment mechanism26.资源节约型与环境保护型社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：resource-conservative and environment-friendly society27.文化逆差（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：cultural deficit28.《三国演义》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Romance of the Three Kingdoms29.《十面埋伏》(古曲)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Chu King Unarming30.逾期贷款（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：overdue loan四、Ⅱ. Passage Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickel"s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man"s wife, I am free." This is a prevalent misconception in many people"s minds—that love, like merchandize, can be "stolen". Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is anact of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The "love bandit" was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children "belonging" to their parents. But nobody "belongs" to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents" trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that "caused" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party". This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has "come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others—they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any "third party" has appeared on the scene.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：一位来自佛罗里达州的读者来信向我抱怨，他似乎有过什么受伤的经历。

2017年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研必读信息复习经验经验指导:1、抓住重点,快速复习2、建立框架,系统复习3、明确背诵,精确记忆4、区分主次,结合热点5、模拟训练,名师批阅6、押题模考,一战封侯育明教育权威提示:(按照行政管理专业考研知识点和重要程度,分为以下4个层次掌握进行复习:基础★知识点记忆★★重难点精背★★★押题模考★★★★★押题模考,决胜千里,重点要求考生达到精确记忆,次重点能融会贯通,能复述框架,次重点知识点形成体系,以不变应万变。

一、翻译硕士专业学位简介对外经济贸易大学是教育部“211工程”首批重点建设高校之一,也是我国唯一一所国际经济贸易专业门类齐全的多学科大学。

2009年起,翻译硕士专业学位开始招生,已培养出优秀毕业生,就业于外交部、商务部、中联部等各大部委外事部门,以及中外企事业单位和金融机构。

英语学院开展翻译教学已有50多年的历史,曾经拥有张培基、丁衡祁等著名翻译学者,设有翻译系和MTI教育中心,形成了从本科、硕士、博士、留学生等全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题(含解析笔记·专业课押题卷完整的翻译人才培养模式,经贸特色和优势鲜明。

200年与欧盟委员会口译总司合作设立了“中欧高级译员培训中心”,引进了成熟的欧洲译员培训模式培养会议口译员,2004年起招收会议口译硕士研究生,2008年起招收翻译专业本科生,2009年起招收翻译硕士,2011年起招收商务翻译博士研究生,已培养出高素质口笔译毕业生近千人。

我院师资队伍实力雄厚,经贸翻译和口译教学团队在全国享有盛誉。

现有专任翻译教师22人,并聘请林超伦等多位资深专家担任兼职教师。

口译教师均在欧盟口译总司接受过专业培训,并获得欧盟口译证书。

研究生考试2017年北京大学翻译硕士考研必读信息复习经验经验指导：1、抓住重点，快速复习2、建立框架，系统复习3、明确背诵，精确记忆4、区分主次，结合热点5、模拟训练，名师批阅6、押题模考，一战封侯育明教育权威提示：（按照翻译硕士专业考研知识点和重要程度，分为以下4个层次掌握进行复习：基础★知识点记忆★★重难点精背★★★押题模考★★★★★）全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：押题模考，决胜千里，重点要求考生达到精确记忆，次重点能融会贯通，能复述框架，次重点知识点形成体系，以不变应万变。

翻译硕士（MTI）英语笔译（语言服务管理）专业介绍北京大学是国务院学位办授权的第一批翻译硕士（MTI）专业学位研究生培养单位，在高级翻译人才的培养方面为国家曾做出过突出的贡献。

北京大学翻译硕士专业学位项目的培养目标是：通过对研究生进行系统的教育与训练，使其掌握扎实的双语转换与语言技术实用能力，获得丰富的语言服务管理经验，成为符合国家翻译专业资格认证标准，符合语言服务行业需求的应用型、复合型高级语言服务管理专才。

一、专业介绍北大翻译硕士日语口译妆业方向学费总额为8万元，日语笔译方向学费总额为5万元，英语笔译（语言服务类）方向学费总额为8万元。

专业初试考试科目统招生人数推免人数全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：055105日语笔译方向101思想政治理论213翻译硕士日语359日语翻译基础448汉语写作与百科知识10人15人055106日语口译方向20人10人055101英语笔译（语言服务管理）方向30人15人二、复试规则复试包括笔试和面试，笔试和面试分别占差额复试总成绩的30%和70％。

2013年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案第一部国别史：国语44.第一部记录谋臣策士门客言行的专集：国策战国策45.第一部专记个人言行的历史散文：晏子春秋46.第一位伟大的爱国诗人：屈原47.第一首长篇叙事诗：孔雀东南飞（357句，1785字）48.第一部文学批评专著：《典论·论文》（曹丕）49.第一位田园诗人：东晋，陶渊明50.第一部文学理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人刘勰的《文心雕龙》51.第一部诗歌理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人钟嵘的《诗品》52.第一部科普作品，以笔记体写成的综合性学术著作：北宋的沈括的《梦溪笔谈》53.第一部日记体游记：明代的徐宏祖的《徐霞客游记》54.第一位女词人，亦称“一代词宗”：李清照中国解放军军史回顾的理论性。

总结应当忠实于自身工作实践活动，但是，总结不是工作实践活动的记录，不能完全照搬工作实践活动的全过程。

它是对工作实践活动的本质概括，要在回顾工作实践活动全过程的基础上，进行分析研究，归纳出能够反映事物本质的规律，把感性认识上升到理性认识，这正是总结的价值所在。

三、总结的分类根据内容的不同，可以把总结分为工作总结、生产总结、学习总结、教学总结、会议总结等等。

根据范围的不同，可以分为全国性总结、地区性总结、部门性总结、本单位总结、班组总结等。

根据时间的不同，可以分为月总结、季总结、年度总结、阶段性总结等。

从内容和性质的不同，可以分为全面总结和专题总结两类。

四、总结的结构、内容和写法总结一般由标题、正文和尾部三部分组成。

（一）标题。

总结的标题大体上有两类构成形式：一类是公文式标题；一类是非公文式标题。

公文式标题由单位名称、时间、事由、文种组成，如《××集团公司2000年度思想政治工作总结》、《××县2000年普法工作总结》，有的只写《工作总结》等。

非公文式标题则比较灵活，有的为双行标题，如《增强体质，全面贯彻执行教育方针——开展多种形式的体育活动》，有的为单行标题，如《推动人才交流，培植人才资源》等。

2013年湖南师范大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题（回忆版）
本来是准备抄好了带出来的，可是，纸被老师收走了，~~~~所以考完只能凭记忆力罗~~~
基础英语：
单项选择还是一些比较容易的选择题，except for beside,besides,except 的辨析，instead of, in favour of ,等，语法题主要靠非谓语动词。

阅读还是四篇，讲了尼亚加拉瀑布，以一种新的视觉乘飞机去观看跟近距离观看的体验不同。

数学在军事方面的应用，
培养兴趣方面的
作文很简单：happiness
翻译
bec,gps,merlbourne,qualified commercial insurer,avian influentia,household and commercial lighting,ph d candidate,overdue loan,
生态科技，农业特产税，免费通行，种子选手，公共供暖系统，、
英译中：
奢侈和安逸阻碍人类的进步
中译英：
是典型的政治题，我觉得应该是讲中华名族的伟大复兴，
汉语百科：
1,贾谊，蓝色农业，克己复礼为仁，本草纲目，正气歌，边城，空中交通管制，卢梭，武昌复义，郑和，五卅运动，信息科技，地心说，达尔文，性本善，蒸汽机，
应用文：
研究生助学金申请书
大作文：
家园。

2013上海大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题（近完整版）翻硕英语1,30个选择题。

生词很少，大多是容易忽视的语法和词汇比较，比如it's about time...it's high time...it's the first time...再比如regretful,regretable,regretting,regretted..... 2，4篇阅读。

前两篇选择，后两篇问答。

p1是07年专八阅读真题textA，关于Welsh语言和民族resurgence的。

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land ofcompatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”p2是讲网络个人信息隐私不安全的，比较好找，选项直接。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2013年真题(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyDirections:There are 40 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.1. A man"s worth lies not so much in ______ he has as in ______ he is.A. that, thatB. that, whatC. what, thatD. what, what2. She ran back into the room to see ______ he ______ anything behind.A. if, had forgottenB. if, had leftC. that, had forgottenD. that, had left3. Life, as the TV series demonstrates, is **plex for ______ endings.A. intricateB. ambiguousC. straightforwardD. recognizable4. The editor found the articles so ______ that he hesitated to print them.A. positiveB. circuitousC. provocativeD. improbable5. She was subject to both admiration and ______ exposing the indiscretions of a prominent politician.A. reproachB. avariceC. commendationD. acclaim6. The ancient city of Pompeii lay ______ in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius for more than 1,700 years under a deep layer of volcanicA. titledB. unconsciousC. buriedD. despairing7. Every year thousands of Moslems make a (n) ______ to the holy city of Mecca.A. expeditionB. tourC. excursionD. pilgrimage8. Despite the ______ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize "pop culture" as a key for ______ the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society.A. antipathyB. discernmentC. skepticismD. enthusiasm9. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were ______not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the ______ methodology into question.A. provocativeB. predictableC. intriguingD. specious10. Because outlaws were denied ______ under medieval law, anyone could raise a hand against them with legal ______.A. dignityB. protectionC. rightsD. provisions11. Rather than enhancing a country"s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country"s ______.A. boldnessB. influenceC. responsibilityD. vulnerability12. The ______ of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; in turn, the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the ______ of popular literature.A. buildingB. reappearanceC. selectionD. emergence13. Although ancient tools were ______ preserved, enough have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally ______ progress through prehistory.A. partiallyB. unwittinglyC. rarelyD. needlessly14. An investigation that is ______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.A. timelyB. unguidedC. consistentD. uncomplicated15. The spellings of many Old English words have been ______ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.A. preservedB. preemptedC. revisedD. improved16. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly ______ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.A. exploitedB. quantifiableC. inexhaustibleD. remarkable17. Social tensions among adult factions can be ______ by politics, but adolescents and children have no such ______ for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.A. intensifiedB. complicatedC. adjustedD. revealed18. I will overlook ______ so rude to my sister this time but don"t let it happen again.A. you to beB. you to have beenC. your beingD. you having been19. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage ______ upon the world by the war.A. imposedB. compelledC. impressedD. compressed20. Texas, the second largest state of America, is ______ in natural resources.A. wealthyB. scatteredC. abundantD. deposited21. Have you anything to say ______ the proposal of taking immediate actions?A. with regard toB. on behalf ofC. in contrast toD. for the purpose of22. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A. areB. doC. isD. has23. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ______.A. in betweenB. far apartC. among themD. from each other24. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will ______ in giving the class lectures.A. alterB. changeC. alternateD. differ25. The ratio of the work done by the machine ______ the work done on it is called efficiency of the machine.A. againstB. toC. withD. for26. I ______ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A. ought to have writtenB. couldn"t have writtenC. must have writtenD. needn"t have written27. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ______ me that evening.A. had interruptedB. to have interruptedC. would have interruptedD. to interrupt28. I left the office earlier than usual this morning ______ traffic jam.A. in line withB. in case ofC. for the sake ofD. at the risk of29. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; ______ is utter poverty.A. Now that all is leftB. Now all which is leftC. Now all that is leftD. Now all what is left30. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge ______ our thinking.A. which to be based onB. upon which to baseC. which to base uponD. to which to be based31. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. be heatedC. will be heatedD. would be heated32. ______ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To giveB. GivingC. GivenD. Having given33. Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains ______.A. to be shownB. to have been shownC. to have shownD. being shown34. Rebecca ______ me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.A. told meB. had toldC. would tellD. would have told35. The police have caught that ______ man who carried off the pure girl, tying her to the railway line.A. irrevocableB. dandifiedC. immemorialD. villainous36. They rarely study natural events, and only in so far as they ______ on the human world.A. inspireB. implantC. impingeD. emerge37. I"ve always really had to depend on having someone else for the ______ stuff so that I can keep things fairly simple for myself.A. intricateB. strikingC. superbD. sumptuous38. He can also take over the parenting role and provide her with ______ from the rigors of what is a twenty-four-hour-a day job.A. vestigeB. respiteC. divergenceD. blandness39. Traditionally it has **mon practice for schools to seek to maintain discipline and control misbehavior via the ______ of authority and the employment of sanctions as punishments.A. exertionB. subjugationC. divergenceD. catastrophe40. The room was spoiled by a (n) ______ of ugly little ornaments.A. guildB. persecutionC. atmosphereD. profusionPart Ⅱ Proofrdading ＆Error CorrectionDirections:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are altogether TEN errors with each indicated line containing a maximum of ONE error. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an inserted mark (A) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/) in the blank.The term "attachment" and "bonding" are often used interchangeably, even though they had similar implications. 1 However, they have quite distinctive meanings. Bonding actuallyrefers to the parent"s ties to the infant and thought to occur in the 2first hours or days of life. Attachment, in contrast, refers to the relationship between infants and primary caregivers, who develops 3 gradually. Parent to infant bonding has been argued to occurquite suddenly, especially upon first contact with the infantimmediately after birth. There is no so implication in the term 4 attachment. As with any vital relationship there can be no instant attachment. Rather, the infant-caregiver relationship builds over time.It evolves through a series of characteristic phases, with each phase 5 drawing on the one before. In fact, newborn infants are not yet capableof attachment, since they have few ability to distinguish one person 6 than another and no concept of a permanent object. Because 7 attachment refers to a relationship and not simply an experience,it is appropriate to say that an attachment relationship has formed 8until the second half year. Even then the relationship is not fullyformed or fixed. It continues to evolve toward John Bowlby called 9a "partnership" during the preschool years and to be elaborated thereafter, From the bonding perspective there are critical momentsjust following birth when the parental, tie must be formed. Whetherfor mother or father, such experiences are thought to cement the connection with the infant. Following such an opportunity, a permanent bond will be formed, without such an opportunity the possibility ofever forming a bond is called into a question. For better or worse the 10 relationship is fixed and the child"s well-being is thought to hinge upon this.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprdhensionSection OneDirections:There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or in, complete statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an individual; rather it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied in the rifles of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is first a sacred script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head signifies sainthood, while the halo impressed with a cross signifies divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have the Virgin Mary depicted with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines water or the sea. A tree which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village, and, should an angel be watching from depicted with curly hair, a short beard, and a tonsure, while Saint Paul has always a bald head and a long beard.A second characteristic of this iconography is obedience to a sacred mathematics. "The Divine Wisdom", wrote Saint Augustine, "reveals itself everywhere in numbers", a doctrine attributable to the Neo-Platonists who revived the genius of Pythagoras. Twelve is the master number of the Church and is the product of three, the number of the Trinity, and four, the number of material elements. The number seven, the most mysterious of all numbers, is the sum of four and three. There are the seven ages of man, seven virtues, and seven planets; in the final analysis, the seven-tone scale of Gregorian music is the sensible embodiment of the order of the universe. Numbers require also symmetry. At Charters, a stained glass window show the four prophets, Isaac, Eekiel, Danniel, and Jerimiah, carrying on their shoulders the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.A third characteristic of art is to be a symbolic language, showing us one thing and inviting us to see another. In this respect, the artist was called upon to imitate God, who had hidden a profound meaning behind the literal and wished itself to be a moral lesson to man. Thus, every painting is an allegory. In a scene of the final judgment, we can see the foolish virgins at the left hand of Jesus and the wise at his right hand, and we understand that this symbolizes those who are lost and those who are saved. Even seemingly insignificant details carry hidden meaning: The lion in a stained glass window is the figure of the Resurrection.These, then, are the definite characteristics of art of the Middle Ages, a system within which even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artists of the early renaissance broke with tradition at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificant and banality in their religious works, and even when they are great, they"re no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules.1. All of the following are likely to be found in the art of the Middle Ages EXCEPT ______.A. A circular halo placed vertically behind the headB. A lovely child with curly hair, a short beard, and a tonsureC. The lion in a stained glass windowD. The Virgin Mary depicted with bare feet2. Why is number seven so important in the art of the Middle Ages?A. It is a mysterious number signifying a lot of themes of divinityB. A lot of images in the art of the Middle Ages much appear in sevenC. There are seven most important divinities in the religionD. There are altogether seven colors in the palette3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Parallel lines represent the water or the seaB. Twelve is the master number of the ChurchC. The artist does not teach man moral lesson in his artD. The order of the universe is manifested in the seven-tone scale of Gregorian music4. All the following conclusions can be deducted from the passage EXCEPT ______.A. little originality is allowed in the art of the Middle AgesB. art has become an embodiment of the religious beliefsC. the artists are generally confirmed in establishing themselves in the **munityD. the images in the art of the Middle Ages are so symbolic that they are difficult to understand5. Which of the following can be substituted for the word "mediocre" in the last paragraph?A. MysteriousB. UndistinguishedC. UnorthodoxD. OutstandingDavid Landes, author of TheWealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor, credits the world"s economic and social progress over the last thousand years to "Western civilization and its dissemination". The reason, he believes, is that Europeans invented systematic economic development. Landes adds that three unique aspects of culture were crucial ingredients in Europe"s economic growth.First, science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constraints of organized religion and from the political constraints of centralized authority. Though Europe lacked a political center, its scholars benefited from the use of a single vehicle of communication: Latin. **mon tongue facilitated an adversarial discourse in which new ideas about the physical world could be tested, demonstrated, and then accepted across the continent and eventually across the world.Second, Landes espouses a generalized form of Max Weber"s thesis that the values of work, initiative, and investment made the difference for Europe. Despite his emphasis on science, Landes does not stress the notion of rationality as such. In his view, "what counts is work, thrift, honesty, patience, and tenacity." The only route to economic success for individuals or states is working hard, spending less than you earn, and investing the rest in productive capacity. This is his fundamental explanation of the problem posed by his book"s subtitle: "Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor". For historical reasons—an emphasis on private property, an experience of political pluralism, a temperate climate, an urban style—Europeans have, on balance, followed those practices and therefore have prospered.Third, and perhaps most important, Europeans were learners. They "learned rather greedily", as Joel Mokyr put it in a review of Landes"s book. Even if Europeans possessed indigenous technologies that gave them an advantage (spectacles, for example), as Landes believes they did, their most vital asset was the ability to assimilate knowledge from around the world and put it to use—as in borrowing the concept of zero and rediscovering Aristotle"s Logic from the Arabs and taking paper and gunpowder from the Chinese via the Muslim world. Landes argues that a systematic resistance to learning from other cultures had become the greatest handicap of the Chinese by the eighteenth century and remains the greatest handicap of Arab countries today.Although his analysis of European expansion is almost nonexistent, Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a benighted world. Rather he relies on his **monsense law: "When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so." In contrast to the new school of world historians, Landes believes that specific cultural values enabled technological advances that in turn made some Europeans strong enough to dominate people in other parts of the world. Europeans therefore proceeded to do so with great viciousness and cruelty. By focusing on their victimization in this process, Landes holds, some postcolonial states have wasted energy that could have been put into productive work and investment, if one could sum up Landes"s advice to these states in one sentence, it might be "Stop whining and get to work." This is particularly important, indeed hopeful, advice, he would agree, because success is not permanent. Advantages are not fixed, gains from trade are equal, and different societies react differently to market signals. Therefore, not only is there hope for undeveloped countries, but developed countries have little cause to be complacent, because the current situation "will press hard" on them.The thrust of studies like Landes"s is to identify those distinctive features of European civilization that lie behind Europe"s rise to power and the creation of modernity more generally. Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty, individualism, and Christianity. In a review essay, the art historian Craig Clunas listed some of the less well known linkages that have been proposed between Western culture and modernity, including the propensities to think quantitatively, enjoy pornography, and consume sugar. All such proposals assume the fundamental aptness of the question: What elements of European civilization led to European success? It is a short leap from this assumption to outfight triumphalism. The paradigmatic book of this school is, of course,The End of History and the Last Man, in which Francis Fukuyarna argues that after the collapse of Nazism in the twentieth century, the only remaining model for human organization in the industrial **munications ages is a combination of market economics and limited, pluralist, democratic government.6. According to Landes, the main reason that some countries are so poor is that ______.A. they lack work ethicB. they are scientifically backwardC. they lack rationalityD. they are victimized by colonists7. Landes believes that ______.A. Europeans set out to bring civilization to an unfortunate worldB. the Europeans dominated other countries simply because they were strongC. the desire of Europeans to colonize other countries stemmed from specific cultural valuesD. the colonized countries themselves were to blame for being victimized by Europeans8. The cultural elements identified by Landes ______ those identified by other historians.A. glorifyB. contradictedC. subsumeD. complicate9. "This school" (para. 6) refers to people who ______.A. believe in the absolute superiority of Western cultureB. hold drastically different views from LandesC. are very cautious in linking Western culture and modernityD. follow in the footstep of Nazism **munism10. In discussing Landes"s work, the author"s tone is ______.A. enthusiasticB. skepticalC. reproachfulD. matter of factSection TwoDirections:In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words)."I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense." Virginia Woolf"s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs Valloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditionally picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirical and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics" cavalier dismissal of Woolies social vision will not withstand scrutiny.In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped ( or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people"s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people"s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.Woolf"s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satirical or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their social and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer"s Diarynotes: "the only honest people are the artists," whereas "these social reformers under the disguise of loving their kind...") Woolf detested what she called "preaching" in fiction, too and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.Woolf"s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in **mentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for reader"s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating beating witness: here is the satirist"s art.Woolf"s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore." Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch—a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic. Questions:1. What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?2. Why did Woolf choose Chaucer as a literary model?3. How did Woolf criticize novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others)?4. Why are most of Woolf"s novels rooted in a social setting and a precise historical time?5. Why have few people recognized Woolf"s focus on society in her literary works?Part Ⅳ WritingDirections:You are supposed to write an argumentative writing. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.1. Many people are striving for a happy life, but "happiness" varies from person to person. What is your idea of happiness? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view of happiness. Please use specific reasons and examples to support your ideas.。

2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研辅导班状元笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考研真题及经验，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

1. 构成中国文化核心的东西是历代哲人们的（哲学思想）和（学说）。

2. 孔孟之道：算得上是中国文化史上的第一学说，代表人物孔子和孟子。

孔子所创立的学说称为“儒学”，后经孟子、荀子等人继承和发展，成为春秋战国时期影响最大的思想流派。

讲的是“入世之学”，讲的是政治教化，其作用偏重于社会，就个人来说，偏重于人的品格修养。

3. 老庄思想：是影响中国文化发展的第二大学说，先秦时代的代表人物是老子和庄子。

讲的是“出世之学”，主要讲的是宇宙人生，其作用偏重于个人，而且偏重于个人的精神层面。

4. 墨家学说：在战国时代与儒学并称为两大“显学”，代表人物墨子。

墨家思想更多地代表了下层劳动者的利益和要求。

思想理论方面：墨子提出了“兼爱、非攻、尚贤、尚同、节葬、节用、非乐、非命、尊天、明鬼”等十大主张。

形式逻辑方面：提出了以“名、辞、说”为思维的三种基本形式自然科学方面：几何学、力学方面都有突出成就。

5.（儒学）和（墨家学说）在战国时代并称为两大显学。

6. 法家学说：战国时代后起的学派，代表人物韩非将“法、术、势”合为一体，集法家之大成。

法家思想实际上是后世封建统治者维护集权统治的理论基石。

“法”即君主的法令，君主治国必须有明确的法令，赏罚必须严明；“术”即君主驾驭群臣的心术和权术，君主应知人用人，听言察实；“势”即君主的权势地位，君主必须牢牢掌握权柄不放。

7. 经学：由先秦进入汉代，因汉武帝独尊儒术而兴起两汉学术思想的主流——“经学”，它是研究和阐发儒家经典的宗旨及其方法的一门学问。

其内容极为广泛，几乎涵盖了中国古代文化的一切领域，涉及到中国传统社会的政治、经济、伦理、道德、哲学、礼仪、教育、文学、艺术、史学、法律、宗教及民间习俗等。